"Finita la ahlekisayo!": Lokho kusho ibinzana abadumile

"Isethulo uphezu!" - sisho indida, uma igcwaliswe ezinye inhlamba, ndaba womuntu ongabazisayo. Ngokuvamile, esimweni esinjalo, sisebenzisa inkulumo eliye lenza abe ezinamaphiko Uyini umsuka walo, yini lingavumelani ke esibekele futhi kangaki wasebenzisa "Finita la ahlekisayo!" - le nkulumo.

Okwamanje, uzwakale

A ipulani okungukuthi ikhophi abhalwe izinhlamvu isiRashiya, ngaphandle translation ukuthini inkulumo ethi finita la Commedia, okuyinto zafundiswa ulimi Italian - "ubumbene la ahlekisayo". Translation - "the comedy iphelile." Nokho, ngokuvumelana nemithetho yolimi isiNtaliyane, inembile inkulumo ethi: La Commedia e finita. Yilokho kanye kuzwakala ibinzana "ubumbene la comedy" in Italian.

Ukuphela nendaba!

Njengoba le nkulumo kwaba esitebeleni isiRashiya, izazi zolimi awubuyisele yesigaba phraseology. Inani enikezwa isisho idatha wokufihla luhlobene nenye esitebeleni inkulumo ethi "play-isenzo" - okusho ukuthi ungumkhohlisi, ngomzamo ukudukisa. Uma othile abamdumisanga, embozwe iziqubulo ezinhle ekwenzeni okubi, futhi lokhu kwaba sekupheleni, kuyafaneleka ukuba uthi: - okusho "umdlalo usuphelile, manje konke uyowela endaweni, futhi iqiniso uyokwambulwa" "Finita la ahlekisayo!" .

abuqede

Kukhona le phraseologism nezinye ithoni lucebe. Ake sithi othile ehilelekile izenzakalo lapho wanikwa indima uyakufanelekela emkhuza. Noma ehilelekile isimo ezisolekayo njengoba abahlanganyeli yayo futhi izisulu. Khona-ke, esiphelweni sesimiso kwalezi zenzakalo, lo muntu zingabuye zithi: "Finita la ahlekisayo" - okusho ukuthi: "Woza, iphuzu, basta" Igama zokugcina, ngendlela, futhi, beza kithi evela e-Italiya - noma kunalokho, esasisandulele, ulimi lwesiLatini. Basta gama lisho "ngokwanele kwanele".

Lapho le nkulumo laqanjwa

Kukholakala ukuthi leli zwi adumile "Finita la ahlekisayo!" Yafika ku ukusetshenziswa emva lalibukeka opera "Pagliacci" (kumbhali - Ruggero Leoncavallo). Nokho, ngokulandelana, lo mqondo ayisekelwa yi: yokuthi umfundi Russian wabona le nkulumo enovelini Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Isisho kwakuzwakala kusukela izindebe Pechorin, ngemva wadubula futhi wabulala umngani wakhe duel Grushnitsky. Le noveli yabhalwa kungakadluli 1840, futhi kudlalwé "Pagliacci" opera wathatha kamuva cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka e 1892.

"Pagliacci"

I-opera iqala unconventionally: ngesikhathi Esanduleleni zomculo phambi ngisho ivale izigcawu phezu clown esiteji bese kuvela axwayise izilaleli ukuthi opera liphefumulelwe ukuphila ngokwakho, kanye nesihloko esithi - imizwa bangempela kanye nogqozi. Khona-ke isihenqo kuvula kanye nokwethulwa iqala. Uzungu kusekelwe yokuthi okwakuthandelene uthando, umhawu ukufa empilweni yangempela futhi yaseshashalazini play abadlali abadlala ngomlilo qembu. Clown Tonio othanda Nedda comedienne, umka-umlingisi zaziziningi qembu Canio. Yena ongalayo intuthuko upopayi, enika bakhethe ongumlimi abasha Silvio. Bethukutheliswe Tonio yazisa umyeni walona wesifazane kahle, futhi nguye odlula zathukuthela lapho imbuka ngommese. Kodwa ngesikhathi isethulo, futhi kubalulekile ukuya enkundleni. "Sekuyisikhathi ukuqala, isikhathi ukubeka isudi!" - omunye Arias edume kakhulu emhlabeni opera.

I eColumbine imvunulo Nedda ngokusebenzisa indaba zenzeka ahlekisayo abalimi vuma ukuthi le Harlequin lover, ehlebela amazwi afanayo muva ukuthi Canio wezwa van, lapho Nedda nge Silvio bavumelana assignation. Canio e Pagliacci indima, eceleni ngokwakhe inkanuko nomhawu, uqala eColumbine-Nedd nemfuneko ukuvula igama lover wakhe, uzama ukuhleka ungasinaki futhi udlale comedy phambili wafihla kwenkululeko horror yayo. Kodwa Canio akuseyona mbukwane, nokuphila. Akenzi ukuba umkakhe esiteji umuntu eqhuma nangokucasuka ugwaze wakhe ngommese. Dying, Nedda ubiza othandekayo, wavele phansi kusukela amabhentshi isibukeli, Clown futhi ombulalayo. Lapho Canio ezinyakaziswayo lehla ukusuka ngezandla ummese, izinto ezingasile waphendukela izilaleli ngala mazwi: "Lo ahlekisayo iphelile."

Ngangifuna ukuthi Pechorin?

Ubunjalo umlingisi ogama lakhe iqukethe ukubhekisela esinye futhi isici kule nkathi yakhe, futhi uyiqhawe okungavamile - Onegin ( "Eugene Onegin" inoveli by A. S. Pushkina), ebonakala wokuziqambela abangaba elikhulu elingokomoya. Cijela engqondweni, ezweni ecebile kwangaphakathi nezifiso emihle esivela Pechorin asitholanga impendulo futhi isicelo, kodwa ngoba "omuncu", anobuthi munyu umphefumulo lo muntu. ukudubula Grushnitsky, isithombe edalwa njengendodana sibalo upholavuthondaba ka Pechorin, protagonist kuyinselele zokuphila kwakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umlingisi ithi isifaniselo alikho isiFulentshi, ngoba kwakuyinto evamile phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi emazwini akhe Pechorin ulwe nemizwa ngobuqotho - the indida nobuhlungu. Phela, igama elithi "ubumbene la comedy" in umsindo French: compacte la Ngaphezulu.

iqhawe Indawo Lermontov sika wafaka la mazwi

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Pechorin parodied amagama kombusi waseRoma Awugustu, yena wathi lapho esezokufa: uma bethola ukuthi kahle abadlale ahlekisayo zokuphila? UMbusi wathatha wacaphuna ahlekisayo Italian buso (Commedia dell arte).

Commedia dell'arte - netiyetha abantu obonisa ukusebenza ezindaweni eziminyene komuzi. Ngokucacile kwaba nokuba khona buso esifanayo, ngokubeka abadlali kuyashintshwa kube uhlamvu unomphela - Harlequin Pantalone, eColumbine, Tartaglia, njll Esinye isici esibalulekile ethiyetha del arte ukuthi Improvisation :. Scenes ukudlalwa ku elinikeziwe okunemibandela icebo umdwebo okuyinto abaculi kwenziwe sikhuthazeke of the mzuzu.

Lermontov wabhala ukuthi, ngokusho legend, abakhulu umbhali French Yenguquko Fransua Rable wathi phambi zazifa cishe ngokuphazima amazwi afanayo lapho ukuthi u-Awugustu, abafisa ukugcizelela ukuthi konke ukuphila kwakuwukukhanya yaseshashalazini, "the comedy udlalwa phansi kwesihenqo." Pechorin njengenhlangano ufundile futhi kahle ukufunda, yebo, kungaba ukuwazi iziqephu zomlando.

Le formula for uhlobo

Enye incazelo yokuthi kungani hero imisebenzi Lermontov sika ungase uthi inkulumo ethi "Finita la ahlekisayo!", Ingabe nokucabanga sezincwadi noveli kusekelwe uhlobo isinyathelo amadlingozi. Lokhu kunjalo, ikakhulu indaba weqiniso "Inkosazana uMariya," okuyinto kwakuzwakala futhi amagama. Lapha Pechorin, wabhala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku kokuma imfihlo kakhulu futhi ezicashile kanye nokunyakaza ezingokomoya, izenzo njengendlela ngomdali oyiculayo ukusebenza sakhe. Ngakho, igama elithi "Finita la ahlekisayo!" - kuyinto leitmotif ukuthi inquma incazelo kanye indaba eside indaba.

Epitaph

Ngesikhathi benomhlangano nezithunywa Pechorin phezu kwamanzi Grushnitski uzwakalise kuye credo French - hhayi ukuyidelela abantu, uyakuzonda kubo, kungenjalo ukuphila kungaba farce ezinjengendle. Farce - a ephakathi bhalobasar onek amahlaya, luhlaza lokho futhi ayiyona inkimbinkimbi umuzwa omkhulu. Ngakho Grushnitski wazwakalisa isifiso isineke kwaze ukudlula abantu nokwesaba okukhulu ukwedelela. Pechorin ziqaphele ubukhulu bakhe yomhobholo futhi posturing. Futhi ukuthi wayengumuntu abangazange angena imodeli of ubudlelwano nezwe, isungule at Grushnitsky, wema indlela yakhe. Ngoba naye ememeza ethi, imi phezu nonqenqema lwewa, bobabili ukuthi ayikho indawo emhlabeni, futhi manje wathi yena ngokwakhe uyadelela futhi ezonda Pechorin. Shot Pechorin abuqede lokhu farce, play kuhlulekile ukuphila iqhawe bavela khukhumala ukuqaphela ubala abo: "Finita la ahlekisayo" Ngokungangabazeki, lesi sitatimende, futhi wawabhekisa kuye. Kodwa asikwazi ukuthi uhlobo lokukhishwa kwe-play, okuyinto zenzeka emphilweni Pechorin - kuyinto farce. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi ibinzana uya ngokujulile ukubaluleka epitaphs "ku ithuna" kuzo zonke indlela esontekile zamanga wokuba.

Ukunambitha izwi Italian

Hlangana ibinzana "Finita la ahlekisayo!", Inani okuyinto zihlobana kohlaka umqondo ngenhla echazwe, kungaba emisebenzini eminingi etemibhalo. Udokotela wakhe uthi ASTROFF Mhlazane uSolwazi Serebryakov nomkakhe, Okuxakayo egcizelela engenangqondo ungachithi unkosikazi professorial Elena Andreevna (play A. P. Chehova sika "uMalume Vanya"). Kwakusazodlula iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kwalokho laseChekhov wasebenzisa le nkulumo in the play "Engenababa".

Le nkulumo umi isihloko umphenyi Irina Melnikova phezu ukuvezwa ubugebengu obubi futhi engaqondakali. Kuzwakala e isiphetho sendaba kule noveli Albert Likhanova "Broken onodoli" njengoba ukukhala ngabomvu nokucekelwa futhi ukutjhatjalaliswa nemiphefumulo yabantu. Konstantin Paustovsky osebenzisa lesi isisho e documentary inoveli "The Book of Life. minyaka edlule. " Umlobi Mamin-Siberian wayithanda le nkulumo, sithola kuyo inoveli yakhe "Isinkwa", "Izici Pepke ukuphila", "Izigidi Privalov sika". Kukhona yena usebenza Pisemsky, Leskov, Ogarev, Bulgakov.

Ikakhulukazi njengoba lokhu isisho wafika ukunambitha journalism. It wasetshenziselwa abalobi esidlule (F. Bulgarin, Shestov nabanye.), Ngokuzithandela ukuhlobisa izihloko zabo kanye Headlines izintatheli yesimanje.