Antarctica: sabantu kuleli zwekazi. Iziteshi Antarctic Russian

I okungenani ifundelwe futhi esiwugwadule kakhulu nezwekazi Emhlabeni - I-Antarctica. Inani labantu base-nezwekazi ungaphakathi uhla esuka kubantu 1 kuya kwezingu-4. Mayelana izici eziyinhloko, umlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa abakhileyo "ice" ezwekazini funda i-athikili yethu.

Antarctica: ekuhlaziyeni nezwekazi nemithombo yawo

Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu nezwekazi enomoya emhlabeni, bayazi cishe yonke into. Kuyinto ku insimu yalo (e Russian polar "Vostok" esiteshini) sabhalwa izinga lokushisa aphansi emoyeni emhlabeni - 89,2 degrees uphawu "lokususa".

Kodwa lokho omunye irekhodi Antarctica azi ambalwa. Ngakho, ezwekazini futhi driest, aphakeme kakhulu futhi kunomoya kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngempela, ukuntuleka kwamanzi okuphuza nenkinga enkulu kubo bonke ubani onesibindi ukunqoba nobukhulu nezwekazi ngokuthi i-Antarctica. Inani labantu base-ezwekazini Ubuye izici zayo siqu. Nokho, lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Antarctica yemvelo ezakho kunoma yimaphi amazwe yesimanje emhlabeni. Nakuba emakhulwini eminyaka adlule imibuso eminingi bazama ukwenza ukulawula elilodwa noma kwenye ingxenye yaleli zwekazi. Ngo-1991, umphakathi wezwe lonke sivunyiwe olandelwayo ekhethekile, omunye izihloko okuyinto unqabela yimuphi umsebenzi kwezomnotho endaweni Antarctica (ngokukhethekile, ekuthuthukiseni kugcwele yayo ocebile). Nokho, abakhileyo iplanethi isivele kakhulu sikuqaphela ngokugcwele ukuntuleka kwezinsiza eziningi amaminerali. Ngakho-ke, akwaziwa esingakanani protocol kuzoba amandla.

Antarctica: labantu izwekazi kanye nezici zayo

IziMpawu, tern Arctic, skuas nombusi penguins - lawa abakhileyo ezivamile zaleli zwekazi abandayo. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni zokuma kwendawo XIX leminyaka kungaba ngokuphepha nifunde uhlu izilwane ngokuphendula umbuzo: "Ubani uhlala e-Antarctica" Nokho, 1820 zonke ishintshile kakhulu: emkhathini nezwekazi okokuqala unyawo indoda.

Abahlala e-Antarctica namuhla? Futhi iyini usayizi bakhona Imininingwane?

Ngokushesha kuwufanele Yishoni ukuthi Antarctic ayinakho labantu unomphela ngenxa yezimo eyeqisayo zezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nezwekazi owakhiwe ososayensi kuphela, abasebenzi kanye nezivakashi. Bonke bahlala lapha isikhashana.

Bangaki abantu bakhangwa Antarctica? Inani labantu base-nezwekazi imayelana abantu abayinkulungwane phakathi nobusika. Ehlobo ongafinyelela isibalo sabantu 4,000. Ezwekazini, amaNgisi ethandwa kakhulu, isiFulentshi, isiRashiya neSpanishi.

Ngo-1978, lapha okokuqala umntwana azalelwa khona indoda. Kwakuyisikhathi isakhamuzi Argentina, Emilio Marcos Palma. Kodwa ngo-2007, i-Antarctica kwaba wedding emcimbini yokuqala ngqa.

Umlando nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase-. Russian Antarctica

Umlando yentuthuko Russian zaleli zwekazi waqala ngo-1819 lapho Kronstadt waya uhambo eningizimu eholwa Bellingshausen futhi Lazarev. It wayengadlali abavule nezwekazi lesithupha emhlabeni. isithakazelo esikhulu ezindabeni Antarctica yabonisa Russian UMbuso XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka, ngokuhlela mikhankaso yesayensi eziningana ezinkulu.

Ngo-1946, njengoba ezinye izazi-mlando labetibambile sina impi yamasosha phezu Antarctica. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili kwaba namanje umbimbi - United States ne-Soviet Union - wathunyelwa ogwini zaleli zwekazi enamandla isigaba lempi. Ngenxa yalokho, uhambo American wabuya akukhona ngamandla alo. Nokho, imininingwane impi Antarctic namanje oyimfihlakalo nesisindo ezizathwini.

Iziteshi Antarctic Russian

Kuze kube manje, 30 uthi babe iziteshi zabo ucwaningo e-Antarctica. Phakathi kwabo kukhona eRussia, okuyinto has izisekelo enjalo eziyisikhombisa ezwekazini. Lona "East" esiteshini "Inqubekela", "Bellingshausen", "Novolazarevskaya", "Youth", "Ukuthula" futhi "Leningrad". Ngamunye wabo kunentshisekelo lalo.

Ngakho, esiteshini "Vostok" ngo-1983 kwaba ngokuphelele irekhodi ongaphakeme lokushisa eqoshiwe Emhlabeni. Lena ngenye yezindawo ezinzima kunazo (ngokuya sezulu) eplanethini yethu. Muva nje, "Pole ka Cold" waba ehlotshiswe kwesithombe Lenin - le eningizimu kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngakolunye esiteshini Russian "Bellingshausen", owokuqala kulelivekati Orthodox lakhiwa ngo-2004. Kodwa "Novolazarevskaya" inama eyodwa kuphela kuleli zwekazi okugeza Russian!

Kodwa maphakathi eyinhloko Russian Antarctic namuhla esiteshini "Inqubekela". It lucwaningo ucwaningo, zokuphatha nemisebenzi yokudla. Kube sidalwe isikhungo yezemidlalo enkulu wabahloli polar nge sauna, imishini kwezokwelapha kanye imishini ehlukahlukene umsebenzi.