Indlela ukuphefumula amagciwane? amagciwane aerobic kanye anaerobic. prokaryotes zokuphefumula Ikakhulukazi

Cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni adinga inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula. Oxygen ingenye oxidizers ezivamile e iketango zokuphefumula zezilwane, izitshalo, protists, amagciwane amaningi. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi indlela imizimba yethu esebenzisa zingafani yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo amaseli elincane nezilwanyana ezincane. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: indlela yokuphefumula amabhaktheriya? Ingabe indlela yokuthola amandla nobethu?

Ingabe wonke amabhaktheriya uphefumule umoya-mpilo?

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umoya-mpilo akuyona ingxenye kudingekile esikuziphathimandla zokuphefumula njalo. Kufeza ikakhulu indima acceptor electron, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakahle igesi is oxidized bese ixubana proton hydrogen. ATP - lena isizathu ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphefumula. Nokho, izinhlobo eziningi zama-bacterium ukwenza ngaphandle oksijini, futhi usathola umthombo ayesifuna ngabomvu energy njengoba adenosine triphosphate. Indlela ukuphefumula amabhaktheriya zalolu hlobo?

Inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula emzimbeni wethu luthatha ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala yalezi - anaerobic - akudingi ukuba khona komoya-mpilo kuseli, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kudinga imithombo kuphela carbon ne-hydrogen-proton acceptors. Esesibili - aerobic - kwenzeka kuphela khona komoya-mpilo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina inqwaba ukusabela ikhishiwe.

Ngo-bacterium, okuyinto musa athole umoya-mpilo futhi musa ukuyisebenzisela kwezimila kwenzeka esiteji anaerobic kuphela. Ngemva kokuphothula nezilwanyana ezincane futhi wamukele ATP, kodwa inani wehlukile ukuthi lapho sithola ngemva ukudlula izigaba ezimbili ukuphefumula. It kuvela ukuthi akubona bonke amagciwane uphefumule umoya-mpilo.

ATP - umthombo jikelele amandla

Ukuze noma iziphi umzimba kubalulekile ukugcina izimpilo zabo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuthola imithombo yamandla ukuthi usebenzisa bazokwazi ukuhlinzeka izinsiza anele ukugeleza zonke ukusabela kudingekile kuseli. Kwaqale kwafika ukuvutshelwa amagciwane: isinyathelo ngakho babizwayo glycolysis noma anaerobic kwezimila esiteji of prokaryotes. Bese ngesikhathi eziphilayo okuthuthukile ezinamangqamuzana amaningi savela ezincwadini, ngawo, nalo iqhaza-mpilo asemkhathini ukuphefumula kahle kakhulu anda. Ngakho kwaba khona isigaba aerobic of kwezimila yeselula.

Indlela ukuphefumula amagciwane? Libanga 6 esikoleni inkambo biology kubonisa ukuthi iyiphi umzimba kubalulekile ukuthola ingxenye ethile ye-eneji. Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo waba kwi ngokukhethekile kwemiqondo ngoba ngale molecule ngokuthi triphosphate adenosine.

ATP kungukuqiniseka amandla-ocebile, okuyinto esekelwe carbon pentose indandatho nitrogen isizinda (adenosine). Busuke kuso izinsalela phosphate phakathi okuyinto akhiwa ephezulu amandla izibopho. Lapho kubhujiswa omunye wabo ezikhishwe an isilinganiso mayelana 40 kJ, futhi omunye ATP-molecule uyakwazi ukugcina esiphezulu izinsalela ezintathu-phosphate. Ngakho, uma ubola ATP ukuba Adp (adenoziddifosfat), iseli uthola 40 kJ wamandla phakathi dephosphorylation. Futhi, noHezekeli, kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa phosphorylation isitoreji Adp ukuze ATP amandla nezindleko.

Glycolysis iseli webhaktheriya ukunika 2 ATP-molecule lapho aerobic kwezimila kokuqeda isinyathelo anganikeza iseli 36 ngokushesha Amangqamuzana angokwemvelo we ketshezi. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "Indlela ukuphefumula amagciwane?" Impendulo kumele inikwe okulandelayo: inqubo ukuphefumula ngoba prokaryotes eziningi Ukwakheka kwezitho ATP ngaphandle kobukhona umoya-mpilo kanye nezindleko.

Indlela ukuphefumula amagciwane? izinhlobo ukuphefumula

Nge-mpilo zonke prokaryotes zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Baphoqwe anaerobes.
2. anaerobes Facultative.
3. Baphoqwe aerobes.

Iqembu lokuqala liqukethe labo amagciwane ezingeke ziphile ezimweni umoya-mpilo. O2 ngabo ezinobuthi futhi kuholela yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo. Izibonelo amagciwane ingaba prokaryotes luyingxenye iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana ukuthi unakho omunye umzimba ngokungabi bikho-mpilo.

Iqembu lesibili yakhiwa labo izinhlobo prokaryotes, okuyinto ngenkuthalo ziyanda futhi sikhule ngokungabi bikho-mpilo, kodwa inani elincane lomphakathi wabo kuyo imvelo aliholeli kuholele ekufeni. Lezi amabhaktheriya kukhona saprophytes kanti ezinye izimuncagazi.

Indlela ukuphefumula amabhaktheriya iqoqo lesithathu? Lezi prokaryotes zihlukile bakwazi kuphela bahlala nemibandela aerosolization ezinhle. Uma kukhona umoya-mpilo owanele emoyeni, la mangqamuzana sifo iyafa ngokushesha, ngoba kubalulekile ukuphefumula O2.

I ukuvutshelwa kuhlukile ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo?

Ukuvutshelwa e amagciwane - kungcono inqubo efanayo glycolysis, okuyinto kwezinhlobo ezahlukene prokaryotes anganika imikhiqizo ehlukene ukuphendula. Ngokwesibonelo, acidosis acid ukuvutshelwa kuholela ekwakhekeni leyavela acidosis acid, ukuvutshelwa oludakayo - ethanol ne-carbon dioxide, amafutha-omuncu - icwecwe (butanoic acid), njll ...

Oxygen ukuphefumula - kuyinto uchungechunge ephelele izinqubo kusukela isinyathelo glycolysis ukwakha pyruvic acid, futhi iphethwe kwemvelo CO2, H2O namandla. ukusabela wakamuva lapho sekubusa khona komoya-mpilo.

Indlela ukuphefumula amagciwane? Biology (Libanga 6) School Inkambo Microbiology

Esikoleni, sanikezwa ulwazi kuphela okulula ukuthi inqubo ukuphefumula prokaryotes. Mitochondria kusukela alawa magciwane akuyona Nokho, mesosoma - ziboya we ulwelwesi cytoplasmic esitokisini. Kodwa lezi zakhiwo musa ukudlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu emishinini yokuphefumula kwamagciwane.

Kusukela izibhelu - uhlobo glycolysis, kuthatha indawo cytoplasm ka prokaryotes. Kukhona ama-enzyme eziningi ezidingekayo lonke uchungechunge ukusabela. Wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ama-bacterium ezimbili molecule lokuqala pyruvic acid ekhiqizwa njengomuntu. Bese bona bephendukela kwabanye by-imikhiqizo, okuyinto sincike uhlobo lwezithelo olubangela ukubila.

isiphetho

Umhlaba prokaryotes, naphezu lula okusobala inhlangano amaselula, egcwele zikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ofuna ukuphumela obala. Manje kukhona impendulo njengoba ukuphefumula amagciwane empeleni, ngoba akuwona wonke kudingeka umoya-mpilo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abaningi baye bazivumelanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinye, indlela kancane esisebenzayo yokuthola amandla - lwezithelo olubangela ukubila.