Ezingaba zenuzi eRussia. zenuzi ezicitshwayo Russia

Kuze kube manje, lo engaba zenuzi zaseRussia sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Okwamanje kuleli zwe kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1500 amacala amayunithi efakwe, kanye arsenal okukhulu Tactical zenuzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi engaba zikhali Russia kusekelwe indlela uziqu-zintathu zenuzi, okubandakanya kokubili emoyeni, ezweni nasolwandle izingxenye kodvwa kugcizelela main ivuliwe ezihlukahlukene isimiso sokuzivikela komhlaba-based, kuhlanganise nazo izakhiwo ngokuphelele esiyingqayizivele kutsho nendlwana ngokuthi "Topol ".

ngqo izibalo

Njengoba Bathi imithombo evulekile, Rocket Amandla Strategic owawunalo yabo kulahlwa 385 ukufaka yesimanje kanye IDB, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhlanganise:

• 180 SS-25 kweminsalo;
• 72 SS-19 rocket;
• 68 SS-18 kweminsalo;
• 50 ezicitshwayo SS-27, ngokusekelwe ezimayini;
• 15 ezicitshwayo SS-27 ekhaya mobile.

Ukulwa ngamandla Naval Amandla kuhlanganisa 12 amasu missile ngwenya, kuyafaneleka ukuthi engaba yaseRussia yokugcinwa kwezikhali zenuzi is abasafufusa 7 ngwenya "Dolphin" project, kanye 5 amaphrojekthi 'Kalmar'. On the ingxenye Air Force ukubeka phambili 77 zamabhomu.

ukuhlolwa International

Commission International wahlanganyela isimiso lwempi yenuzi kwezikhali, kusho ukuthi ifa Russia likhona cishe 2,000 sezikhali zenuzi Tactical, ngenkathi, ngokusho kongoti, kukhona ke ezicini eziningana, eyayenziwe ukunciphisa ezingaba zenuzi zaseRussia. Ikakhulukazi, kuyafaneleka ezimbalwa:

• abezindaba yobudala Strategic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cishe u-80% inani eliphelele yezikhali ezicitshwayo abe nokuphila esidlule.
• Isikhala phansi ezisekelwe missile isixwayiso amayunithi nomthamo elinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene ukungabi Imininingwane observation ngempela eziyingozi nge rocket ngokuya ezindaweni, okuyinto zitholakala e-Atlantic Ocean, kanye iningi ePacific Ocean.
• Idelakufa Heavy bagxila kuphela lezisekelo ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela ngempela sengozini sebethule preemption.
• Missile ngwenya babe ukuhamba kancane, okungukuthi esimweni asebenzayo ezimbili kuphela noma ngisho kwethulwa imoto eyodwa wahlanganyela izulazula ulwandle.

ezicini ezinhle

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono lempi zenuzi zaseRussia enezinto eziningi ezicini ezinhle:

• It isanda igcwaliswe ukuthuthukiswa entsha ngokuphelele missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "yars";
• futhi waqala ukukhiqizwa zamabhomu Tu-160 imodeli;
• waqala indiza novivinyo uhlelo missile womkhumbi ngokuthi i- "Bulava", ngasinye lapho kukhona missile yenuzi;
• ethuma isizukulwane esisha radar izinhlelo iye kwetfulwa nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa missile ku Krasnodar esifundeni ne-Leningrad esifundeni;
• ku-orbit ngesikhathi ke ukhishiwe inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu satellites "Cosmos" onobuhle, okuyinto ziza Echelon isikhala kohlelo ekuseni isixwayiso, ebizwa nge "Iso" eminyakeni edlule.

Kubaluleka Inqubomgomo yenuzi

Nge-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, iRussia ithi zonke missile yenuzi edinga ukuba aphishekele umgomo containment, kodwa kusho ukuthini lokhu term ngandlela-thile modified namuhla. Ngezinye mqondo njalo ukuthi iRussia kumpendulo kungabangela ukulimala wodweshu, kancane kancane saqala ukushintsha futhi izinga containment ukuthi usukela ku kumagama, ukushintsha ezimfundisweni yesimanje ezempi. Ikakhulukazi, kuyafaneleka iqiniso lokuthi imfundiso lempi 1993 inikeza izindleko containment akuyona evamile kuphela, kodwa futhi ubudlova yenyukliye, kodwa naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kumagama Kucatshangwa kungenzeka impendulo enuzi kuhlasela-non-zenuzi, ekuqaleni kwagxilwa ekutheni nje okudingayo angenze amazwe ngezikhali zenuzi.

1996

umyalezo kaMongameli ekuphepheni kazwelonke ngo-1996 uthe isidingo ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlasela ngezikhali zenuzi, nokuthi Russia zingase zisebenzise uma kwenzeka emikhulu zikhali amabutho sonya, ngisho esimweni amabutho ezivamile. Futhi-ke okukhulunywa ukuthi izwe elizokwazi ukuphishekela inqubomgomo ekulondolozeni izikhali zenuzi emazingeni yesifunda, zendawo global.

1997

National Security Concept 1997 inikeza ekulondolozeni sonya, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa amandla enuzi uma kwenzeka ukuthi ulaka ahlomile kuholela ingozi khona Russian Federation. Ngakho, i-Russia unelungelo ukusebenzisa amabutho zikhali kunoma imuphi ubudlova, okungukuthi, ngisho noma abaphikisi akasebenzisi izikhali zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ukwakhiwa ukuhlinzeka ukuze kulondolozwe ikhono Russian ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi kuqala.

2010

Military Emfundisweni WaseRussia yokutholwa ngokuhambisana esinqumweni umongameli, wathi ukuthi Russian Federation unelungelo ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi uma ngokumelene nalo noma kubangane bawo, izikhali zenuzi ozonquma ukuyisebenzisa, noma usebenzise noma yimaphi amanye izikhali zembubhiso. SNF futhi kungenziwa Lusetshenziswa esimweni uchuku Russia Kwenziwa ngezikhali ezivamile uma luhambisana nomthwalo usongo ukuba khona isimo uqobo.

Ngokulandelayo, sibheka indlela Russia angase ukuqalisa isiteleka zenuzi, futhi lapho kukhona izici isikhali.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, owaziwa ngabaningi ngokuthi "Voevoda" uketshezi missile USilo ezisekelwe ezimbili isigaba. Le missile kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa CB "South", etholakala Dnipropetrovsk e-Ukraine namanje eSoviet Union, ngakho wasebenzisa leli missile ngo-1980. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-1988 i missile ukuthi olwesimanje, futhi manje isisezweni le nguqulo isetshenziswa enkonzweni.

ukuhlasela ngezikhali zenuzi nale isikhali singasetshenziswa at ibanga 15,000 km, nge Inkokhelo ka 8800 kg. Ngesisekelo samanje missile MIRV ifakwe sezikhali quire nge okuqondiswe ngabanye.

Amandla icala zenuzi we sezikhali esenibuvuselele rocket ifinyelela 800 kt, kuyilapho version kokuqala kwadingeka kt 500 kuphela. ukuphambuka Probabilistic waba futhi inciphise kusuka 370 kuya 220 m.

IDB UR-100N UTTKh

I ezimbili isigaba liquid-Propellant nangomcibisholo, okuyinto ekuthuthukiseni KBM e Reutov, lisendaweni eMoscow. Futhi kuwufanele enkonzweni, kusukela ngo-1980. warhead Nuclear kungaba qhumisa buqamama afika ku-10 000 km kusuka kusayithi qalisa, isisindo nokujikijela-missile kuyinto 4035 kg. Ngesisekelo samanje missile MIRV kokuba sezikhali eziyisithupha ngamunye safakwa okukhipha target ngayinye okuyinto 400 kt. Probabilistic kuka isiyingi 350 m.

ICBMs RT-2PM

Solid-fuel ezintathu isigaba rocket phansi ezisekelwe weselula akhiwa eMoscow Institute of Technology Thermal. Kufanele kube ku-arsenal wezwe kusukela 1988. Le missile uyakwazi ukushaya ilitshe, buqamama kuze kube 10.5 km kusuka kusayithi qalisa, nokujikijela isisindo setshe 1000 kg. Kulesi kukhona kuphela eyodwa rocket warhead nomthamo 800 kt, kuyilapho ematfuba kuka isiyingi 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / M2

Solid-fuel ezintathu isigaba rocket USilo ezisekelwe noma mobile njengoba akhiwa eMoscow Institute of Technology Thermal. Isetshenziswa ku izingalo Russian kusukela 2000. warhead Nuclear ukushaywa ilitshe akhiwe kude kuze kube 11 000km usendaweni yethulwa, kuyilapho ziba usizo Inkokhelo 1200 kg. Okuwukuphela ukulwa iyunithi sinesikhundla cishe 800 kt futhi probabilistic ukuphambuka isiyingi ifinyelela 350 m.

ICBM RS-24

Intercontinental fuel okuqinile missile ballistic nendlwana, ifakwe eziningi reentry warhead. Ukuthuthukiswa kungokwalabo eMoscow Institute of Robotics. MBR kuyinto ukuguqulwa PT 2PM2. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izici lobuchwepheshe missile baye labizwa.

SLBMs

I ezimbili isigaba liquid missile ballistic eyenzelwe izikhali zanamuhla iningi ngwenya. Strategic amabutho zenuzi yohlobo ithuthukiswe KBM ku Chelyabinsk esifundeni. Kufanele kube enkonzweni kusukela ngo-1977. Russian amabutho zikhali odlulela missile eziyinkimbinkimbi D-9R, kokuba ukubunjwa yayo ngesikhathi esifanayo rocket ezimbili njengewundlu "squid".

Le missile has izinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko imishini ukulwa:

• monoblock ikhanda ingxenye, okuyinto has a icala umthamo enuzi 450 kt;
• MIRV ikhanda nge ezintathu amandla amayunithi 200 RT ngamunye;
• MIRV kokuba sezikhali eziyisikhombisa, lapho kuwo ngamunye amandla 100 kt.

RSM-29RM

I ezintathu isigaba liquid missile ballistic eyenzelwe yokuqalisa ngwenya athuthukiswe endaweni KBM Chelyabinsk. Imodeli eziyinkimbinkimbi we D-9R has, ngesikhathi izingalo zayo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa "Dolphin" umklamo elisetshenziswa amasosha kusukela ngo-1986.

Le missile libhekene embodiments emibili eyinhloko imishini:

• MIRV, equkethe sezikhali ezine nomthamo kilotons 200;
• MIRV ifakwe sezikhali eziyishumi 100 kt.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela ngo-2007 kweminsalo idatha kancane kancane indawo inguqulo elungisiwe ngokuthi R29RM. Kulokhu, okufana eyodwa kuphela inikeza imishini ukulwa - kuyinto sezikhali eziyisishiyagalombili emandleni akhe 100 kt.

F-30

P-30, owaziwa ngokuthi "Bulava", kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje kakhulu Russian. Ballistic okuqinile-Propellant missile kuhloswe ukuba ibekwe nakumikhumbingwenya. Le missile wenziwa akhiwa eMoscow Institute of Technology Thermal.

Missile ifakwe amabhlogo eziyishumi enuzi isiqondiso ngamunye ukuthi ziyakwazi ikhuluma ukuphakama Yiqiniso. Operating uhla missile akuyona esingaphansi 8000 km nge Imininingwane nokujikijela-isisindo 1150 kg.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Ngo-2010, i-Isivumelwano esasayinwa, ngaphansi lapho ezingaba zenuzi zaseRussia ne-United States yenu kuyovumelana kancane kancane wehlise eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ezayo. Ikakhulu, abantu bavuma ukuthi ngempela amaqembu kuzohambisana imingcele isingeniso izikhali amasu okuhlaselayo, njengoba kulandela:

• inani webhomu enuzi kanye amashaji ku ICBM efakwe futhi BPRL kufanele kube kungekho kuka 1.550;
• inombolo ephelele SLBMs efakwe, IDB futhi webhomu esindayo akufanele kube amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-700;
• inombolo ephelele ICBM non-efakwe noma efakwe futhi webhomu esindayo - esingaphansi amayunithi 800.

umbono uchwepheshe

Ochwepheshe uqaphele: okwamanje akukhona ukuthi iRussia sandise inkonzo ikhono zenuzi. Ikakhulukazi, ekupheleni 2012 eRussia yahanjelwa cishe 490 efakwe ukulethwa izimoto futhi 1,500 sezikhali zenuzi ezibekelwe kubo.

Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa Ucwaningo Izikhungo wase-United States Congress, ukusebenza kwalesi sivumelwano lonke inani abathwali eRussia uzokwehla kumayunithi 440, kuyilapho inani eliphelele sezikhali ngesikhathi 2017 uyofinyelela amayunithi 1335. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona izinguquko eziningi e mshini nokubala. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi inkontileka entsha, ngamunye webhomu ngabanye efakwe ingenye iyunithi icala, lapho empeleni okufanayo Tu-160 okuthwala ebhodini ngesikhathi esifanayo 12 zenuzi ezicitshwayo kanye B-52H - futhi ku-20.