Ezibiyele Diamond Isikhwama. Trip ku-Kremlin. Diamond Isikhwama Russia

Wonke umuntu oseke nesithakazelo eminyuziyamu eMoscow, ezibiyele uyaziqaphela Diamond Isikhwama. Bambalwa zemibukiso dolobha zivuse ukuhlonishwa nokuthandwa isithakazelo.

Ezibiyele Diamond Fund iqoqo eliyingqayizivele imisebenzi ubucwebe art of 18-20 eminyaka. iqoqo lakhe futhi inikeza okuyigugu emangalisayo of amatshe ayigugu, izibonelo amagugu ezingavamile. Ngamunye izinto ukuchayeka iyathakazelisa zesayensi kanye nobuciko okukhulu, kanye ukubaluleka okukhulu impahla.

Ngiphethe History Museum

Foundation Collection kuqalile ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Peter mina, ukuthatha isibonelo ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha yeYurophu, wakhipha umyalo wokuba esishoyo ukuthi imicebo agcinwa zonke izindlu zasebukhosini, impahla tsars Russian ababhekwa, basonta embusweni, njengohlanga impahla kazwelonke. Ngemva value "Renteria" UPetru egcinwe ezindaweni ekhethelwe lolu, futhi kusukela ngo-1839 - kule Winter Palace (ehhovisi Diamond sika). Ubucwebe zobungoma ebusa abantu banikwa kuphela "ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana."

Efuna okunethezeka akusibekele angaphandle ababusi, amakhosi nendlovukazi ingcebo Russian enkantolo yakhe wazama ukwandisa. Lapho uCatherine II no-Elizabethe ikakhulukazi ezifakwa ezinkulu zenziwe.

Phela abakuzuzile kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngezikhathi futhi ngokubhuduzela, ngaphandle yokusungula, othathwe Petrograd. Bakhandwa ungeniswe eMoscow ezibiyele (e le Armoury), bakuphi e ukusitheka futhi wachitha iminyaka engaba ngu eziyisishiyagalombili.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution ukuqoqwa Hermitage kanye nengcebo ezibiyele ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, akukho lizwe kwadingeka nesilinganiso efanayo ubucwebe, ubucwebe, efana eRussia.

Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva waqala ukuthunywa abasebenza luhlolo kanye ukuhlonza izinto zokuhloba yobuciko neyezandla. Siyabonga kubo, iye yaqinisekisa ngumuntu value eliyingqayizivele wobuciko kanye komlando Diamond iKhabhinethi ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKhomishane waphawula isidingo sokulondoloza futhi ukufunda iqoqo yayinjalo, lifake kube ishede State.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukudayiswa Imininingwane ezingcwele waqala. Ngakho, ngo-1923 kwaba okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni yesikhwama. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa imigexo Russian ukuthi wavela endalini eLondon, Berlin, Amsterdam kanye nase-Antwerp, lapho kungamanyala zezombusazwe yangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1925, at the House of Unions, kwanqunywa ukuba uvule embukisweni izinsalela unsold wabuya phesheya ukukhombisa alimale yabo futhi siwusho njengoba unjalo, ukuze baby rasta y up nehlazo, kanjalo ukukholisa ezweni solvency lalo.

Kuleli ukudayiswa kwakudala futhi ubucwebe phezu. Kusukela 1925-1936 GG. It wathengiswa omningi walo imikhiqizo ayigugu eliyingqayizivele futhi amadayimane. Lezi yobuciko uzohlala kuphela ezithombeni, kuyilapho eRussia ngeke ubuye.

Ngo-1967 wavula embukisweni we Diamond Isikhwama. Kulokhu, ngamunye kwaba uhambo ezithakazelisayo kuya Kremlin. Lo mbukiso ukhangwa isithakazelo ezithandekayo enwetshiwe izikhathi eziningana, futhi angabi Museum. Inviolable ingxenye isitokwe igolide isimo ezweni futhi yaqhubeka subordinated ukuba Ministry of Finance.

I Diamond Isikhwama Russia kubhekwe kunesidingo ukusebenzisa isandla sakhe kuzo zonke umbusi waseSoviet Union. Khrushchev cishe buyisa cap Monomakh ukuba omunye osemusha uthi asathuthuka, futhi ngaphansi uBrezhnev elahlekile omunye wemiyalo amadayimane. Ngo-1989, indali kwathengiswa omningi imifanekiso eyigugu.

Ngokuqinisekile, kuye kwaba nezihloko kanye Jewelers wesimanje, amaqoqo platinum negolide okuyigugu, yakut amadayimane. Kodwa imisebenzi okuningi esiyingqayizivele wathatha eminyuziyamu namaqoqo yangasese emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ongaziwa kuze kube manje indawo okudaliwe ahlukahlukene eziyigugu.

Ezibiyele Diamond Isikhwama namuhla

Okwamanje, ingxenye zomlando weqoqo imayelana ayisikhombisa izihloko. Ingxenye esemqoka lombukiso 1967 agcwaliswa ngemva kokutholakala idayimane ezifakwa e Yakutia, kanye ngemuva kwesinqumo kahulumeni ukuthumela amatshe enesisindo carats ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu zibekwe ezibiyele sika Diamond Isikhwama.

Ukuze Museum izivakashi ukubuka embukisweni ngokuvamile iqala nge amacala ukubonisa, okuyinto embukisweni amaminerali ayigugu. Kuleli qophelo, okwethulwa ezinkulu amatshe lobuchwepheshe kanye jewelry enesisindo amashumi ezinkulungwane carats. Ngaphezu amadayimane, evakashele Diamond Isikhwama kuhilela ukubheka ngamasafire, emeralds nezinye amatshe ayigugu futhi ephuma kabili esiyigugu futhi amatshe semi esiyigugu Urals. Uhambo ukuthi nsuku zonke bathele amahholo ukugeleza yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, futhi ayeke ngesikhathi ziphephile "7 Izimangaliso the Diamond Isikhwama." Lokhu kuhlanganisa idayimane "Shah" (at 88,70 carats), okuyinto eye walondoloza ayo ukuma zemvelo, idayimane, "Graf Orlov" (189.62 carats), azibambile endaweni udumo umbusi intonga, flat idayimane esiyingqayizivele, isafire nombala oluhlaza (258, 18k), kanye enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ibherule *.

Phakathi amagugu eyinhloko yengcebo Russia ubhekwa ngokufanelekile Omkhulu-Imperial Crown. Ieremiya Umfanekiso, inkantolo ngamagugu, ke senziwe 1762 ngomyalo uCatherine II. Umqhele lihlotshiswe amapharele namadayimane okuxekethile, kodwa kubhekwa ukuthi uyingxenye ebaluleke kunayo a irubi omkhulu (398.72 carats), simo phakathi 7 amatshe esiyingqayizivele Isikhwama.

izivakashi eziningi komuzi iminyuziyamu ethakazelisayo kakhulu Kremlin. Diamond Isikhwama, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, isibe omunye ezivakashelwa kakhulu.

Omkhulu-Imperial Crown

Lokhu umqhele, wadala e 1762, Eckart (ngamagugu) kanye Ieremiey Umfanekiso (idayimane-umenzi) ukuze uCatherine II. Master waqonda 4936 idayimane esiliva, siphakamise kukhazimula lace kuthiwa ezimbili zezitokisi ezingu-ezinkulu amapharele matte. Isibalo esihle se-umqhele uphelele, ngesikhathi esifanayo egcwele nohlonze. Igridi ama- phansi ukwesekwa umfire amagatsha, okuyinto zimelela yinkazimulo namandla. Futhi phakathi ama- ku lezimbali sibalo ibekwe acorns kanye namahlamvu oki, efanekisela namandla le nqaba. Futhi ku umqhele spinel ezihloniphekayo, itshe eliyigugu ezingavamile red ayegcwele. Lona omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yobuciko equkethe ezibiyele Diamond Isikhwama.

Small-Imperial Crown

It yadalwa 1856 nge ngamagugu Zeftigenom ngoba wokugcotshwa Maria Alexandrovna. Wenziwe ngomfanekiso umqhele esikhulu; nhlangothi zombili eheleni ehlotshiswe quatrefoil, esiphambanweni idayimane liphuma phezu arc, onqenqemeni engezansi 22 umqhele ehlotshisiwe amadayimane ezinkulu. It ikhanga wonke umuntu wavakashela ezibiyele Diamond Fund (izithombe kungabonakala kulesi sihloko).

intonga yobukhosi imperial

It lenzelwa uCatherine II ngasekuqaleni 1770s. izinto ezisetshenzisiwe: idayimane "Orlov", igolide, idayimane, koqweqwe lwawo, esiliva.

kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla

It yadalwa 1762 GF Eckart (enkantolo ngamagugu) ngoba uCatherine II. Izinto: igolide, isafire, amadayimane, isiliva, idayimane. Esikhathini yoma ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili kwathiwa ehlotshiswe amatshe amabili, ezashintsha ukubukeka kwayo. Phakathi poluobruchem futhi idayimane openwork engu- sizungezwe amadayimane yafakwa Sapphire omkhulu (200 carats), futhi esikhundleni ibhande uxhumano poluobruchem kwaba idayimane enkulu (46.92 carats), ithatha kuhlanzekile, kancane bluish itshe tint. samanje ifomu Amandla wayo atholwe ngaphansi uPawulu I. Ngaphansi esiphambanweni kuye kwadingeka nesafire omkhulu, nge idayimane enkulu ibekwe phakathi amabhande idayimane.

Diamond "Shah"

Lokhu idayimane eNdiya 88,7 carats. Kasibili esobala, itshe kancane ensundu-aphuzi. Groove kuso uthi esikhundleni egqoke talisman yakhe. 3 zinakekelwa kahle abanikazi bayo ulotshwe ke, kanye nezinsuku okuhambisanayo.

"Rubin kuKhesari!"

Stone pink kanye namanzi njengegazi umbala, obuhlanganisa kahle ne koqweqwe lwawo oluhlaza namahlamvu igolide, esisogwini stem bifurcated, embozwe ngokucophelela nge koqweqwe lwawo omnyama nomhlophe. Faceted amagilebhisi itshe.

Diamond uphawu nge inkanyezi Order Andreya Pervozvannogo

Okokuqala ukuvela oda isiRashiya, owawungumnyaka kuze 1917 umklomelo ephakeme yombuso. Ehlotshiswe idayimane inkanyezi ngesiphambano baba esiseqophelweni eliphezulu, zhaluemym ngokuzikhethela uPetru I.

Uhambo ukuba Diamond Isikhwama

Kulabo abafisa ukubona embukisweni lapho ziqondiswa izinkambo nsuku zonke, ngaphandle namaholide, futhi ngoLwesine. Umsebenzi eyenziwa ngesimo izikhathi. I Diamond Isikhwama amathikithi ezibiyele zingathengwa nabezizwe - izinkambo ngabanye ziqhutshwa ngezilimi ezahlukene.

Esichasiselweni kuyoba mnandi kubo bonke, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe noma ubudala babo.