Pskov Kremlin. Pskov - mbukwane. Pskov ezibiyele - isithombe

Pskov itholakala engxenyeni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia, mayelana 690 km kusuka eMoscow. Edolobheni kwemifula emibili: Elikhulu Pskov. Igama lo muzi futhi emfuleni igama elifanayo livela izindlela Finno-Finnish "resin amanzi". I umhlobiso esemqoka yedolobha iyona ngokubabazekayo Pskov Kremlin. Ngaphandle kwakhe, lapha ungabona futhi eziningi amasonto itshe ephakathi zezindela lasendulo.

Umlando we edolobheni

Idolobhana kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala e 903, lapho Prince Igor washada Olga. Emibhalweni yaminyaka kwathiwa waphawula ukuthi kwakumelwe ongowokuzalwa Pskov. Ekhulwini XII, umuzi waphenduka ingxenye Novgorod amazwe, futhi kamuva waba ezimele republic Pskov isenti. Ngo 1510 edolobheni wawuyingxenye Grand Duchy eMoscow kusukela 1777 waba isikhungo esifundazweni Pskov.

Kusukela ekhulwini leshumi, futhi kwaba sekubuseni uPetru mina Pskov kwangiphatha edolobheni elidumile eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Nokho, ngemva Petersburg basekela ukuthuthukiswa yayo aqala ukuncipha. Ngo-1944, idolobha kwakuhlezi amaNazi, kusale izikhumbuzo zomlando eziningi kwabhujiswa. Contemporary ukubonakala kwawo - kuba ngokuphelele sokunconywa restorers futhi abaklami ngubani kabusha main izinto Pskov nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ezibiyele Wasekhaya: umbono jikelele

Ezibiyele Pskov noma njengoba ibizwa, Crom kubhekwa isibonelo esihle bokwakha lasendulo. Itholakala ogwini olunamadwala endaweni lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Pskov Omkhulu. Lesi sakhiwo lasendulo inezingxenye ezimbili: inqaba yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Yonke indawo ifana ezibiyele osuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu-delta. Libuye-zintathu Cathedral, eyakhiwa cishe ngo-1683-1699 iminyaka, kanye wangaphambili endaweni Veche, elalikade lidlule Chamber. Cathedral futhi iyabonakala kalula ngaphesheya komfula. Ngo eningizimu Dovmontov edolobheni. Ngasekuqaleni kulezi zindawo kwakukhona amasonto amaningi nezakhiwo. Manje ngokuyisisekelo Angikwazi kuphela emagcekeni ethempeli, ngakho zazizimisele ukufuna zonke wabhubhisa ngezikhathi ezehlukene.

Pskov ezibiyele ithatha 3 amahektha umhlaba, okukhulunywa ngawo lizungezwe kwezindonga zamatshe enezivikelo eziqinile. Kwasala endaweni yokushayela, embozwe ophahleni lokhuni.

nakabuka

Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye ezibiyele lingumbhoshongo 5 abaphuma. Kutekroma akubiza ngakho, futhi ukuphakama kwalo kuyinto 30 amamitha. Udonga esisempumalanga ezibiyele isingamakhilomitha 435 amamitha kanye entshonalanga - at 345 amamitha.

At inhliziyo Crom iyona emihlanu oluyingungu Holy Trinity Cathedral. Lesi sakhiwo - QUAD kule ndawo. Ekuqaleni, phakathi nekhulu leshumi leminyaka kwakukhona esontweni sokhuni, elakhiwa ngo Princess Olga. Ekhulwini XII yi Pskov Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel endaweni yayo isakhiwo itshe yasungulwa. esikhundleni, Ekhulwini xv, kwakukhona lwesithathu zintathu Cathedral, okuyinto wadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni amasiko yezakhiwo esifundeni. Leli thempeli yakamuva kakhulu lakhiwa 1699 futhi ahlotshiswe zonke-Russian amasiko. Pskov ezibiyele - lena ngempela indawo eyingqayizivele. Lapha izinto ezingcwele zosanta uphinde uhlangane ibe izakhiwo olulodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi izitayela ezahlukene kanye nezikhathi.

Pskov ezibiyele Umlando

Ngeshwa, ngasizathu simbe, lo mlando Awuwuqophanga lapho izindonga ezibiyele futhi lakha nombhoshongo walo wokuqala avulwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu ezincwadini ezibhalwe kuphela 1065. Noma kunjalo, imivubukulo bathi osebeni Pskovy abantu beza emuva mina yeminyaka BC. Bona babehilelekile ukuzingela, ukudoba ngisho ekhiqizwa ubucwebe. Kukholakala ukuthi lo muzi wakhiwe Olga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesisekelo izinto ezenziwe ngesandla kutholakala, singaphetha ngokuthi ngalesi sikhathi Pskov kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso idolobha agcwele yobuqaba inabantu abaningi.

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye omkhulu nochumayo, Pskov kwakudingeka isivikelo ezitheni. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, futhi bakhetha ukukwaka eqinile futhi inqaba ungenakunqotshwa. Izindonga lokuqala lokhuni Krom bafakwa ubumba kushaft cishe VIII- X eminyaka, okungenani, cishe leli qiniso iyalandisa. Pskov ezibiyele saqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Ngo-X XIII eminyaka lapho wakhela izindonga zawo zamatshe, okuyinto ithuthukiswe "ezomile" (ngaphandle isixazululo kunenze nisondelane). Izindonga eyakhelwe isixazululo baqala ukuvela ukubonwa ngekhulu XIII futhi eduze kushaft ngaphandle. Kamuva, ukwakhiwa zemibhoshongo abasha baqala ukuya, eqinisa izindonga ukwandisa ukuphakama yabo.

Crom isiphetho XII kanye XVI ekhulwini

Okokuqala Smerdov umbhoshongo iye yamisa (Dovmont kamuva). Wayengumngane ohlangothini lwesobunxele eduze olulodwa ngesikhathi amasango omuzi. Kodwa idolobha likhula ngokushesha, futhi kwakunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhleleka ukwakhiwa lesibili wesango lomuzi. Kule ndaba, kukhona zintathu (noma Omkhulu) Gateway, okuyinto kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba izinsuku zethu.

Ngo 1337, enamandla kunazo Wall Crome ibuyekeziwe. Phakathi nale nkathi, Singanuleka eya ezibiyele, kanye ukuvulwa okwandisiwe Gate Omkhulu. Ngonyaka 1400-1401, yaqedwa zakhiwo ezimbili ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, i-XV ekhulwini Pskov ezibiyele beqiniswe izikhathi 2. Phakathi nale nkathi, njengoba kukhona omunye umbhoshongo - Vlasievskaya. Itholakala kwi ekhoneni Dovmont edolobheni. Sekuvele uhlobo eliqaphile: lapha kwenziwa ukuqapha konke okwabezizwe esefikile edolobheni.

umbhoshongo Kugcine - Flat - lakhiwa 1500 futhi kubhekwa enhle kakhulu. Kusobala eduze confluence imifula ku Pskovy Omkhulu. Ngo 1510, Pskov baba ingxenye the ubukhulu eMoscow. Ekhulwini XVI, i-Chrome baba esihlalweni amandla angokomoya komuzi - lokuqala yamakhosi, bese wedolobha. Esikhathini ezibiyele babe "izinqolobane eNgophezukonke 'kanye nezinhlamvu agcinwe. Ngo-1537, ewathatha emlonyeni Pskovy ayebekelwe Izinsimbi aphansi ezimboze embhedeni emfuleni. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVI phezu zintathu umbhoshongo kwakungamadodana iwashi edolobheni, kodwa uqulekile 1787 futhi wabuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1988.

Kusukela ngekhulu XVIII kuze kube namuhla

Ngaphansi uPetru mina Pskov ezibiyele (isithombe lesi sakhiwo ngokubabazekayo ungakwazi kahle bona ngezansi) bayaqhubeka umsebenzi ukuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, wahlala ethembekile zokuzivikela phesheya ntshonalanga yeRussia kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Ngaphambi Crom XX leminyaka cishe lingamanxiwa futhi kudingeka ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha ezinkulu. umsebenzi Emikhulu sokubuyiselwa waqala kuphela iminyaka engu-60 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili.

Tower of Pskov ezibiyele

Ngokubabazekayo ezibiyele has 6 kwemibhoshongo:

- Vlasevkaya umbhoshongo (xv ekhulwini).

- Rybniczkaya (xv ekhulwini). Manje kuba esitolo isikhumbuzo (e 1780 kwathiwa adiliza, futhi ngo-1970 lesi sakhiwo ukusungulwa injalo yasekuqaleni).

- umbhoshongo okuphezulu.

- zintathu, noma amahora (kwathiwa kabusha emva kokuba isixazululo ephelele kwekhulu XVII).

- Kutekroma Tower (1400).

- stinks, noma Dovmont umbhoshongo (kusukela ekhulwini XIX, lo mbhoshongo kunalokho enamandla aphenduka encane "faceted" turret).

Okunye ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo

Ngaphezu ezibiyele lasendulo, Pskov kukhona inala ezinye izindawo kufanele nakanjani bheka ku. izivakashi abaningi bakhangwa Basil ethempelini egqumeni, elakhiwa ngekhulu XVI. Ngaphambili, esinqeni esontweni ogelezayo abafundi encane ekusakazeni.

Futhi etholakala eduze nethempeli Vasilyevskaya umbhoshongo, owawungumnyaka bellfry. Ngokusho ukupha lasendulo, lapho hung isikhencezo ukuthi asenza izakhamuzi okuvela amaMongol nezinye izitha. sokubuyiselwa Global wethempeli kwaqala ngo-2009.

Mirozhsky sezindela

Uyazibuza yini enye engakusiza kusimangaze emzini Pskov? Izikhangibavakashi kungabonakala emakhoneni eziningi kancane kule ndawo futhi izindawo zako ezizungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha ingenye zezindela endala eRussia. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko - yasezindongeni pre-Mongolian wenza ekhulwini XII. Lesi sakhiwo likhona UNESCO uhlu imisebenzi emhlabeni esivelele kunazo zonke art.

Caves sezindela

Pskov-Caves Monastery itholakala km 50 kusuka Pskov, futhi yasungulwa by uMfundisi uJona. Leli thempeli iminyaka engaphezu kuka-500. UJona wathutha lapha nomndeni wakhe ukuba bakhonze uNkulunkulu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Waqala abiza ethempelini emhumeni, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi iyagula nomkakhe bashona. Ngemva oyomngcwaba, ngosuku olulandelayo saint wathola ukuthi lomngcwabo wakhe kwaba emuva emhlabathini. Ngemva ukuphindaphindwa ukungcwatshwa ngosuku olulandelayo futhi wema phansi. UJona wayecabanga ukuthi kwaba isibonakaliso esivela ngenhla, futhi akazange angcwatshwe umkakhe.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izidumbu zonke izakhamuzi oshonile kwezindaba zesifunda Pskov uzinikele emhlabeni, futhi washiywa vaults. Ngokumangalisayo, naphezu kokuba ukuthi amabhokisi abangu amnyama, isidumbu cishe defies ukushintshwa kahle leyo minyaka. abameleli Lapha bangcwatshwe zemindeni kababaningi abayizikhulu: .. Buturlins, Pushkin, Kutuzov Nazimovs njll Isigodlo nazo amathempelana ezifana isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu Hodegetria Psokovo-Pechora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke besilisa sezindela eRussia.

Yini ukubheka okuningi?

Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye Pskov, phezu loMfula Omkhulu, kuba Snegorsky Monastery, eyabhalwa XIII leminyaka. Kusukela ngo-1993, kuye kwaba wentombazane. Budebuduze lapha esontweni ukusebenza St uPetru noPawulu.

Nokho akusiwona zonke izindawo ezimangalisayo ingakubonisa Pskov. Izikhangibavakashi, okuyinto ethinta umbono isithombe, kuhlobene umlando emzini nezakhamuzi zayo ezidumile. Kukhona lesikhumbuzo ePrincess Olga lesikhumbuzo "Captains Amabili", laqanjwa "Poet abancane kanye nabalimi abancane", kanye ebaziwe behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th of ukuvikela amabutho Khan Batory nokuningi.

Pskov - lena idolobha elihle kakhulu nge umlando ocebile. Ngemva kokuvakashela ezibiyele kunikeza umuzwa wokuthi thinta futhi izindaba ezinkulu nobuqhawe yezwe labo. Izindonga zenqaba wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili, nezikhathi kokubili kwenjabulo edabukisayo kule ndawo, kodwa naphezu konke ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ukubona izindawo lasendulo, uyozizwa enhliziyweni yakho kunomuzwa yokuthula. Jabulela nezindawo ezinhle kanye nohlobo esifundeni, ongeke uyikhohlwe naphakade.

Konke okudingayo ukuze uhambo olujabulisayo - ibalazwe Pskov zendawo, Izicathulo kanye nenkampani kumnandi!