ERussia yasendulo - iyizwe Eastern lwamaSlav

Russia - yigama ezivamile isimo lasendulo lwamaSlav eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ukudala Russia likhombe ukuthuthukiswa emlandweni womhlaba kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu kwetinhlavu yobuhlanga ezizwe Slavic. Wayengomunye lithi enkulu yasendulo. Amagama amakhosi nobuntu abadumile ezisekhona phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Igama elithi "Rus" - lisuselwa isizwe lenqaba igama elifanayo. Ithonya amandla ukudlulisa omningi eYurophu nase-Asia. Emagugu emasiko inikeza isizukulwane yesimanje ithuba lokufunda izinqubo eziyisisekelo ukwakheka impucuko womuntu.

kumiswa

Rus - ke igama evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa umhlaba ngobunikazi yobuhlanga kungcono. imithombo ezehlukene zinezidingo izincazelo ezahlukene imingcele Russia. Ngo imithombo entshonalanga futhi nazo igama "Roksolana" noma "Rusia". Maphakathi nekhulu 5th iyaqala ngenkuthalo exosha zonke labantu non-Slavic. Kodwa bona lwamaSlav kancane kancane ukuguquguquka ukuze ukuphila umzimba futhi bayoyakha le mizi kuqala. Ngokuyinhloko ezingasogwini emifuleni. Kukhona ocacile phakathi kwezizwe zakwa. Krivichi, vyatichi northerners, Elm nabanye. Ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye, amaViking wafika enyakatho, ngubani ahlele nemizana yayo, kodwa kukhona ingxenye yeRussia. Lokhu esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni obengeziwe isiko emazweni enyakatho. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lwamaSlav wabhubhisa yokukhokha Normans, amaNorseman futhi yamukeleke. Nokho, ezinye amasiko abo athathwa phezu by bendawo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye, kukhona okuningi emadolobheni amakhulu. Kusukela imiphakathi abavamile bona zihlukaniswa khona izakhiwo ukuzivikela, kuhlanganise ezindongeni. Ngokushesha zikhona izikhungo eziningana kwamasiko kanye zomphakathi ezifana Novgorod, Rurik isiphetho, Kiev, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Smolensk nabanye. Ngokwezazi-mlando kakade izizwe ezihlukahlukene wazizwa ziyezwana ecacile kanye nesazisi phakathi kuso sonke isibalo sabantu yeRussia. Nokho, ukuba khona izikhungo eziningi kwamandla uvinjelwe bahlangane umbuso owodwa. Njalo izimpi zangaphakathi isiphelile izinsiza kanye sebehlushwa ukuthuthukiswa. nangosuku okungenzeka ukuthi ubunye Eastern lwamaSlav esimweni omunye kubhekwe 862. Khona-ke izizwe ezimbalwa kusolakala ababemenyelwe wokubusa amaViking. Ngesikhathi esifanayo aphethwe edumile mashi Rus ngokumelene iConstantinople.

izimbali

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, Prince Oleg idluliselwe inhlokodolobha eKiev. Yena namabutho akhe abulala Askold futhi Dir, ngaleyo ndlela ubunye Russia. It Novgorod futhi Kiev emazweni ezibe de jure ahlukaniswe. Manje uqala ukuthuthukisa isimo. Umi ubudlelwane ukuhweba nge eByzantium nezizwana eziningi eNtshonalanga. Phakathi okweshumi isikhulu ekhulwini Svyatoslav uhlela imashi le Khazar Khanate futhi trashes ke. Kamuva, indodana yakhe ekugcineni enquma ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla. Ngo 988 ubhapathizo senzeka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Eastern lwamaSlav zamukele Amasiko obuKristu. Yakha amasonto itshe nezakhiwo. ngokubhala Okusatshalalisiwe. Ngo imithombo Western kukhona incazelo isimo, manje okuthiwa Rus lasendulo. Le ncazelo jikelele wonke amazwe Slavic ngasempumalanga. It has ubuhlobo obuseduze eScandinavia.

IRussia iyizwe amaKristu Slavic

Ngemva kokubhapathizwa kukhona ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange ngokomqondo wezombusazwe. Thina ukusungula ubudlelwane namazwe aseYurophu, imishado into yomntakabani. Lapho wokubusa Yaroslav eshicilelwe ikhodi yakhe edumile umthetho, uhlobo nomthetho-sisekelo "Iqiniso Russian". Kuqinisa isikhundla salo East. Yinye kwamandla kunikeza imiphumela emihle. Ukukhahlela kuphangwa Polovtsian nezinye izizwe ayimizulane. Ukuze anqobe amazwe amasha. Ukuthuthukisa isiko esiyingqayizivele. Nokho, lezi zinqubo babengabafuni engasenamahloni ngemva kokufa Yaroslav. Phakathi inzalo yakhe sekuqala ukuxabana wezimpi ezalandela. izimpi Endless futhi kuphangwa buthaka kakhulu eRussia. Yaqala kwehlukana yayo ku principalities encane.

Ukuwa Old isimo Russian

Kuleli zinga, Russia usebhekene ehlasela nokwesabekayo Mongol ijoka. Izikhulu babengenalo ukubambisana ecacile futhi ngokuvamile wenqaba basizane. Umbuso omkhulu Mongol ibutho ukuba angene ujule emazweni Russian. izimpi Bloody akuwenzanga cishe akukho muntu ophilayo. Abahlaseli aphanga futhi ashisa isiphetho Slavic. Ngo 1240 wawa Kiev. Kwakuthinta irrevocably izobhujiswa amathempelana eziningi kanye nezakhiwo.

Ngemva kwalokho, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi Russia baba sincike zidlamlilo. Kwaba kuphela ngekhulu le-14, ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Prince of eMoscow, eduze komfula Kalka Russian kwawona amaMongol-AmaTatar. Ivan ekugcineni yaphela ayehlasela lwesithathu. Le nqubo yaphela kumiswa isimo Russian.