Heat izinjini: isimiso wokusebenza, circuit kudivayisi

Cabanga ukushisa izinjini, izindlela isinyathelo lezi isimiso. Ngo ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi ulwandle yangaphakathi amandla izinqolobane angabhekwa angenamkhawulo. Ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezingokoqobo, akwanele. I-apharathasi begodu ukusebenza isimiso yenjini ukushisa kumele ukwazi ukuze balawule lathes izikebhe. Indoda kudingeka amadivayisi yokuthi ongenza umsebenzi ewusizo.

Heat izinjini, ogama msebenzi sizobheka kuyizinto eziyinhloko emhlabeni. Them nanso is ekuguquleni amandla yangaphakathi sohlobo lokukhanda.

Izici yenjini ukushisa

Kuyini isenzo isimiso ukushisa injini? Kafushane ke kungenziwa imelelwa eksperimenti lelula. Uma amanzi uthele tube, ukuvala tube, imenze ubilise, ke fly. Isizathu sokuba jumping phansi i-plug kuyinto i ngemisebenzi kwangaphakathi umusi. Inqubo kuhambisana ngokuguqula amandla lwangaphakathi kinetic amanani amabili ngesivalo. Heat izinjini, ogama operation siyafana experiment kuchaziwe, isakhiwo ezahlukene. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ngamapayipi isilinda metal. Cork esikhundleni piston, elele eduze izindonga, ukuhamba kanye uMbhalo.

algorithm izinyathelo

Kuyini isenzo isimiso ukushisa injini? Kwebanga le-10 iyohlola endabeni physics izifundo. Heat injini guys shayela izindlela, lapho kukhona yangaphakathi fuel energy conversion ku ukubukeka lokukhanda.

Ukwenza ukusebenza injini ewusizo, ingcindezi umehluko nhlangothi zombili we piston noma ophephela izindwani enamandla ukudaleka. Ukuze sifinyelele ezifana ingcindezi umehluko kwenzeka usebenza uketshezi lokushisa ukwanda lamadigri ayizinkulungwane ngokuziqhathanisa isilinganiso imvelo yayo. lokushisa okunjalo kuyanda kwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo amandla omlilo.

Ukwehlukana lokushisa

Zonke izimoto zanamuhla ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana shisisa uketshezi ukusebenza. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-gas okwenzeka inqubo ekwandiseni umsebenzi ewusizo. lokushisa kokuqala, okhonjiswe T1, ke ozuza e kubhayela noma wemishini ophephela. Kulolu hlu ibizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa heater. Ngo inqubo yokwenza umsebenzi kuyinto ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane amandla gas. Lokhu kuholela Ukupholisa ongenakugwenywa uketshezi sokusebenza Inkomba T2 ezithile. Inani lokushisa kufanele kube ngezansi Inkomba ambient imvelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingcindezi gas kuyodingeka ngesilinganiso lincane umfutho womoya, futhi injini operation ngeke kwenziwe.

Inkomba T2 iyona lokushisa imbala. It uba isimo noma ama-apharathasi ekhethekile edingekayo lwaluyophola futhi ushintsha uba yileli umusi wachitha.

amaqiniso athile

Ngakho, ukushisa izinjini, isimiso yokusebenza zazo kusekelwe ukunwetshwa uketshezi ukusebenza akakwazi ukunika ukwenza umsebenzi wonke amandla kwangaphakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, abanye ukushisa kuzodluliselwa emkhathini (esiqandisini) kanye wachitha umusi noma qeda gas ophephela noma yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini.

Ukusebenza kahle ukushisa izinjini

Siyini leso simiso yokusebenza injini ukushisa? kahle Thermal yenjini incike bomsebenzi ewusizo eyenziwa igesi. Njengoba sazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba uguqule ngokuphelele amandla lwangaphakathi umsebenzi injini ukushisa, kungenzeka ukuchaza irreversibility kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo futhi izenzakalo. Kuleso simo, uma waphawula ukubuya nokuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa okusuka heater kuya ezipholile, amandla angaphakathi kule isihenqo esigcwele ngabe siguqulelwa umsebenzi ewusizo esebenzisa injini ukushisa.

Ukuphumelela iyona ratio umsebenzi ewusizo eyenziwa yangaphakathi omlilo engine, nenani ukushisa ukuthi idluliselwe imbala. Ngo-physics, lesi silinganiso ngokuvamile wezwakalisa njengoba amaphesenti. Lesi isimiso yokusebenza injini ukushisa. Ukushayela ke kucacile futhi kulula, ngisho nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme iyatholakala. Imithetho wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba afeze ekubalweni ngempumelelo enkulu.

Ukusungulwa kuyinto injini ukushisa

Umsunguli wendlela umshini wokuqala usebenzisa ukushisa baba Sadi Carnot. Wakha imoto ephelele lapho igesi okahle umzimba ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sesayensi abone izinga kahle leyo divaysi esebenzisa abakuzuzile lokushisa imbala futhi i-heater.

Carnot ukunquma ubudlelwano phakathi nomshini wangempela ezishisayo isebenze ngesisekelo heater, kanye epholile, okuyinto uba emoyeni noma epholisayo. Ngokusebenzisa ifomula zezibalo ehlongozwayo ngu Karnaugh ukuze ekahle ukushisa injini yayo yokuqala kunqunywa ngempumelelo enkulu. Phakathi izinga lokushisa kwe-heater nesiqandisi kukhona isibopho ngqo.

Ukuze usebenze kahle umshini, izinga lokushisa akufanele ibe ngaphansi Inkomba emoyeni ezungeze. Uma wayefisa, izinga lokushisa heater zingandiswa, ngaphandle ukukhohlwa ukuthi umzimba ngamunye ngendlela elukhuni has a ukushisa ukumelana ezithile. Njengoba amalahle ilahlekelwa umswakama waso, futhi uma ifinyelela lokushisa ukuncibilika liyancibilika nje. Ngenxa ezintsha abafinyelele kwezobunjiniyela umkhakha yesimanje, kukhona ukwenyuka kancane injini kahle ezishisayo. Isibonelo, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi izingxenye ngabanye kuyaqedwa ukulahlekelwa ezivukayo ngenxa akuphelele uphethiloli amandla omlilo.

Yangaphakathi omlilo injini

Kuyinto injini ukushisa lapho uketshezi ukusebenza isetshenziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa amagesi akhiqizwa phakathi omlilo of izinhlobo ezahlukene fuel ngaphakathi egumbini. Kukhona imijikelezo emine injini yemoto. Phakathi izingxenye abamelwe uyakuthiwa eyanele kanye qeda valve, amandla omlilo chamber, piston, isilinda, inhlansi ipulaki, induku yokuxhuma, futhi ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza.

isiphetho

Okwamanje, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene izinjini zezimoto: udizili, umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli. Naphezu umehluko kaphethiloli esetshenziswa, ayefana ngokomthetho. Ukuze ezishisayo amandla izindleko elakhiwe phakathi amandla omlilo uphethiloli, kukhona ezishisayo energy conversion iye kolunye uhlobo.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala kukhona ukunyakaza abushelelezi valve phansi inqubo ithatha indawo ngokugcwalisa nenye ekamelweni ukusebenza. Ekupheleni umvimbo lokuqala valve engayitholi uvala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, piston ihamba upwardly, ingxube ukusebenza onomfutho. Izinhlansi plug inhlansi kuholela ukuthungela ingxube nophethiloli. Ukucindezela kwendikimba pair of air nophethiloli kuya piston, kuholele ukuhamba kwayo nokuguqulwa phansi, abizwa kanjalo iwashi "unhlangothi ukusebenza". Ukuhanjiswa kwe crankshaft inikezwe. Ngo esigabeni sesine valve qeda ivuleka, le ejection yenzeka isimo qeda gas.