Bronze Age - kafushane mayelana amasiko zobuciko

Bronze ekhulwini unesikhathi kamuva kwesikhathi metal. Ihlanganisa XI eyikhulu XXV BC futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezintathu:

• Early - XXV ka XVII ekhulwini ..
• Ephakathi - XVII ka xv eminyaka.
• Late - xv ka IX eminyaka.

I Bronze Age libhekene ngcono amathuluzi nokuzingela, kodwa kuze kube manje ososayensi bengaqondi ukuthi yini eyenza abantu basendulo wafika nomqondo wokuthi ukuncibilika zethusi ore indlela Metallurgical. Ithusi kwensimbi lokuqala, etholwe ingxubevange tin nethusi, ngokuvamile ne ukwengeza antimony noma i-arsenic, futhi izakhiwo abo amakhulu ethusi soft: lokuncibilika zethusi - 1000 ° C, kanye nethusi eliningi elingenakulinganiswa - mayelana 900 ° C. okushisa okunjalo lokuzuziwe crucibles encane, amaziko kanye phansi oyingozi futhi izindonga awugqinsi. Isikhunta ukulingiswa amathuluzi nokuzingela wenza kusuka itshe elithambile, futhi kwensimbi oncibilikisiwe wathela nezinkezo nobumba.

Ukuthuthukiswa zethusi ekubunjweni kuye kwaholela ngcono zamabutho elikhiqizayo: kwezinye izizwe abelusi bashintshele pastoralism ayimizulane futhi sedentary baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa wayesekhothama alime ezolimo, okuyinto kwakuyisiqalo ushintsho kwezenhlalo ngaphakathi izizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko Bronze Age isiqala ukushintsha: e elidala esungulwe ukuphathwa kwesilisa - beqinisa amandla lesizukulwane esidala, kuqinisa indima nesikhundla umndeni abasemzini. OFakazi zibhangqwe yokungcwaba indoda nomfazi nge iminonjana ukufa ngesihluku kwezingane nabesifazane.

Ucala babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini, umehluko kwezenhlalo kanye nempahla phakathi abacebile nabampofu beba more and more: kukhona ezinkulu multi-igumbi ekhaya ukwakheka ecacile, nemizana abacebile baceba, edzimelele azungeze yena ezincane. Kancane kancane kwanda, bakha idolobha lokuqala lapho ama-trade ithuthuka ngokushesha, yezandla, in the Bronze Age abasafufusa lokubhala. Kwakuwusuku iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu.

Bronze Age art athuthukiswe kanye ngcono amathuluzi: idwala Umdwebo aluthola, wabuka ecacile esiqinile futhi isikimu weJiyomethri washintsha imidwebo emibalabala izilwane. Phakathi nale nkathi, kukhona into ebaziwe, imihlobiso (jewelry amathuluzi kanye kwansuku zonke lezinto zokuphila), plastic. It kubonakala imihlobiso yawo ulimi olungokomfanekiso ongokomfanekiso, ngayinye kwadingeka zazo siqu. Umdwebo Ornamental kwadingeka ubunjalo iziphandla: izitsha evikelwe for ukudla kusukela imimoya emibi, ukuheha ngobuningi, wanika impilo, njengesifiso somndeni.

Nesithakazelo Umdwebo odumile Karakol, esibonisa izidalwa babezizwe amajamo Ziyathandelana isilwane kanye izici zobuntu. Inhlanganisela ubuso umnyuziki nephrofayela umfanekiso womuntu kuletha lezi zibalo ngobuciko baseGibhithe lasendulo - zonke lezi imidwebo ibonisa imibono cosmogonic zasezindaweni womuntu lasendulo, mayelana nokusebenzisana kwabantu onkulunkulu kwathatha yabafileyo. Lezi imidwebo zazenziwe abamnyama, abamhlophe futhi abomvu ngopende on izindonga amabhokisi ukumbelwa, iminonjana imidwebo kwenziwe upende obomvu zitholakale izingebhezi zamakhanda abafileyo. Ngaphandle amathuluzi adingekayo, abantu basendulo wafunda ukubasa yabalingisi neyethusi kwachuma imihlobiso zethusi egolide abangu ehlotshiswe nokufuna, itshe, amathambo, isikhumba kanye amagobolondo.

I Bronze Age kwaba walowo yensimbi, okwenza impucuko ezingeni eliphakeme yentuthuko.