Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro - Jikelele, SS Gruppenführer. biography

Ikusasa Cossack Jikelele Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich wazalwa ngo Kuban emzaneni Pashkovskaya umndeni podesaula Gregory Fedorovich efihla nomkakhe Anastasia Andreyevna. ku yomibili imigqa, Zaporozhye umndeni kwadingeka izimpande. Umkhuzi White Skin yashintsha igama lakhe esikhumbeni ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

eminyakeni yokuqala

yomkhaya kwaba Cossack ovelele, owayedume emasosheni kanye Ekaterinodar. Gregory F. iqhaza empini Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878. futhi kwadingeka imiklomelo eminingi. Akumangazi ukuthi indodana yakhe iyilungu isifiso enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni nge-career kwi- ibutho.

On endlini encane Andrey Alexandrov iziqu Kuban esikoleni sangempela. Khona-ke uyise wamyisa kumuntu wesithathu eMoscow ubusosha Corps, kusukela lapho insizwa lathweswa iziqu ngo-1907. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, le nsizwa iyiswe dolobha futhi engena Ephakeme Nikolayev Cavalry School. Ukuba isikhulu Shkuro idluliselwe 1st Yekaterinodar abakhwele amahhashi ibutho kumi Ust-Labinsk.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Lapho esemusha Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich kwahluka uhlamvu obizayo. Lokho imvelo ukubuyisa wenza Cossack ngesikhathi omunye ngamaholide ukuze ujoyine yabavukuzi igolide bomkhankaso futhi ukuya Eastern eSiberia. Ngo Nerchinsk wesifunda, akuzwa mayelana neMpi Yezwe olandelayo. Yaqala a ukugqugquzela ngokuxhamazela lapho zingena ngaphansi isosha professional futhi izikhumba. Okuvamile ezisheshayo njengoba Bangawuthola, ngakho lapho uLieutenant osemusha weza Ekaterinodar lwakubo, ibutho bakhe babehambile ngaphambili.

Shkuro mina abafuni ukuhlala ekhaya. Ngemva ezinye ataman lokukholisa Babych babhaliswa kuye njengoba isikhulu junior e 3rd Regiment Hopersky. Empini yakhe yokuqala nge Leli qembu lakhe elisha Shkuro wabonisa uqobo njengendlela umkhuzi aphakeme. Empini ye Sieniawa ngezihluthu Galician, bathunjwa abantu 50. Kube yemvelo umklomelo wokuqala - Order of degree St Anne 4-th.

"Wolf eziyikhulu namashumi"

Kwaphela izinyanga isikhulu Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich (1886-1947) kwaba njalo ngaphambili. Ngo walinyazwa (e foot ihlaselwe) le forays njalo ku ukuhlola ngo-December 1915. Ngo-April 1916, wabuyela emsebenzini. I ibutho Shkuro wayithi lonke izibhamu ithimba. Waphinde kwalimala (sikhathi esiswini). Andrew G. waya aphathwe elulwimini lwabo Ekaterinodar. Ukuze isibindi impumelelo eziningi waba esaul.

Kusukela ezingemuva, isikhulu wanquma ukubeka iqembu lakhe siqu engabandlululi. Lapho phezulu wanikeza ukukhanya eluhlaza, Cossack nge avuselelwe setha mayelana ukuhlela uxhumano olusha. Leli qembu ngokushesha eyaduma ngisho wathola igama lolungakahleleki "Wolf eziyikhulu namashumi" (isizathu ukuthi kwaba banner nge isithombe ikhanda impisi sika). Abashokobezi ngesikhumba zazikwazi kuphela abahlupheka kakhulu futhi Cossacks. Angamakhulu ngesivunguvungu siyadlula rears German kanye Austrian, okusikisela kukhona ukwesaba futhi ibangela umonakalo sina. Cossack amabhuloho kushaywa kanye wezikhali emafektri umgwaqo ichithekile uyisa sephulwe. I-Russian ibutho iyunithi eliyingqayizivele ngokushesha baba edume. I azithele ngabandayo main daredevil ithole Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. "Wolf eziyikhulu" wayengeke kwenzeka ngaphandle amandla akhe futhi eyenza izinto ngokuzithandela.

1917

On February Revolution kanye abdication yenkosi Andrew Shkuro ezitholakale eduze Chisinau. Thanda iningi Cossacks, wayengumuntu kude ezombusazwe, kuya Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ibhekwa semidlalo futhi akazange bona lutho kodwa isifungo kumbusi. Inkathi Stormy kwamphoqa senze izinqumo ezinzima. squad Shkuro won Chisinau sesitimela bawuthumba isitimela salibangisa ekhaya.

Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa lokuphumula kakade abashokobezi abadumile waya eCaucasus. Ndawonye nabo abathembekile ke waqala Baku bese wama Enzeli. iyunithi zakhe zaba ingxenye amabutho ka Jikelele Nicholas Baratova. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Cossacks walwa abaseTurkey kanye Kurds, ngakolunye uhlangothi enalesi ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso phakathi kwamasosha kanye amatilosi. Ngo-1917 Shkuro kwadingeka ukuba impi ePheresiya, futhi eCaucasus. Ngxabano commissars obomvu kuwufanele omunye walimala kuye. Ekwindla ka Cossack wabuyela ezweni lakubo, futhi ngo-Okthoba wakhethwa ku Kuban ephalamende lesifunda. Shkuro baba nesihambeli lamasosha.

Ukuqala kulwiwa

Andrew Shkuro wathola nobunzima by izindaba eza emandleni amaBolshevik e Petrograd. Ngokusho izinkolelo zabo Cossack wahlala monarchist. izingxabano ngemibono kwase kuvele ngisho ne abasekeli weRiphabhulikhi. Reds nduna obala edelelekile futhi bamzonda. Ngokushesha eningizimu yeRussia liye laba yindawo labamelene yokubuthanela we amaBolshevik, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona izikhumba jikelele esizayo. umndeni Umkhuzi ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala Kislovodsk, futhi kukhona abashokobezi owaziwa uqalisiwe inhlangano yakhe qembu elithembekile.

Julayi 7, 1918 Shkuro waxosha obomvu kusukela laseStavropol. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yena kakwazi ngisho babe ukusebenzisa isikhali. Okudingekayo Cossack - ukubhala ugwayi katiki nosongo zokuhlasela okubhekenwe sesimweni, uma bengenayo bawushiye lowo muzi. Empeleni ngibabheka njengomndeni waphuma laseStavropol. Nokho, wonke umzabalazo kwakuseza. Kodwa kakade ngowokuqala qophelo Yombango Shkuro waba omunye abaholi White ukunyakaza. Idumela lakhe wakha ngosizo intransigence futhi adventurism emzabalazweni inguquko.

ezimhlophe Jikelele

Ngo-October 1918, ngenxa yemizamo Andreya Shkuro kwamiswa 1st Isiphathamandla Regiment Kislovodsk. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, waya Ekaterinodar, lapho ahlangana khona ne UMbusi Anton Denikin. Wayengumuntu awujabuli nangobudlova Cossack. Nokho, ngaphambi ukungqubuzana phakathi izibalo ezimbili ingafinyeleleki. Abaholi ukunyakaza White basekela ingozi ezivamile. Ngo Denikin Shkuro yena ephethwe Caucasian abakhwele amahhashi division. Novemba 30, waba uMajor General.

Kwakulwiwa laseStavropol esifundeni, u-Andrei Shkuro ihlelwe ukukhiqizwa izinhlamvu, amagobolondo, lesikhumba amabhuzu, indwangu, kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ibutho White ukunyakaza. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwadingeka asuse izinto kuya Kuban. Ngo-February 1919, u-Andrew Shkuro waqokwa induna 1st Army Corps e zaseCaucasia Zinikele Army. Nale ekwakhekeni, walwa phezu Don Cossacks ekusizeni lapho isihluthulelo phambili ngokumelene amaBolshevik. Kwenye yezimpi eduze stanitsa Illovayskogo wakwazi ukugqashula squad Nestora Mahno.

Ukunqoba kanye ukuhlulwa

Sesinamandla impumelelo Shkuro ezimhlophe Andrey nengxenye izimpi ngenxa Ekaterinoslav, laseKharkov nakwamanye amadolobha Ukraine. Ukuze uthole usizo kuya azihlanganisa amabutho aseBrithani 2 Julayi 1919 yena yanikezelwa Order British we Bath. Lokho umkhankaso uwukuhlasela Esanduleleni ku Moscow. Ngo-September 17, uma sekuqhubeka le mashi ukuze inhlokodolobha lasendulo Shkuro Cossacks wathatha Voronezh. White aphethwe edolobheni ngenyanga edlule. Lapho zihlaselwa Cavalry Division Budyonny babefanele ashona. Ukuhlaselwa eMoscow yizinkulumo Awukude umgomo oyifunayo.

Shkuro kanye amabutho akhe selibalekele Novorossiysk. Ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi esuka ethekwini Black Sea olwenziwa ngokuxhamazela Iinhlangano ezimbi. Jikelele, efana comrades abaningi abanayo indawo eyanele emikhunjini. Waya Tuapse futhi Sochi wathutha owawuvela eCrimea.

esekudingisweni

Ngo-May 1920, Wrangel, ababengawathandi Shkuro, sichithiwe isikhulu, ngemva kwalokho ekudingisweni. Ngokushesha izinsalela White ukunyakaza abangu echotshozwa amaBolshevik. Izinkulungwane Cossacks adingiswa asuswa ezweni lakubo. Othile esezinzile lamazwe aseBalkan, othile e-France.

Njengoba Paris ekhaya futhi wakhetha indlela kanzima. Lo mkhuzi usemusha, ugcwele amandla futhi ibhizinisi. Esekudingisweni, wabuthanisa Cossack qembu eyayenziwa ngesikhathi izenzakalo Equestrian, wasebenza esekisini, ngisho kumafilimu buthule. Isethulo sokuqala Kuban enkundleni "Buffalo" e asemaphethelweni eParis bahlangana izibukeli ayizinkulungwane 20. The French nakancane mayelana nekhono ogibele, ukuze siphumelele zezimali qembu elinikeziwe.

umakhi umgwaqo

Ngo-1931, iYugoslavia yaba izwe elisha, lapho Andrew imbongolo izikhumba. Jikelele uyaphila emazweni aseBalkan waqala ukugcina oxhumana ne omasha ibutho ataman Vyacheslav Naumenko. Shkuro kuyo yonke le minyaka interwar khona sibalo esebenzayo kule nhlangano Cossack ekudingisweni. Wenzé izenzo njalo, bezama ukulondoloza ubunye Kuban, abalahlekelwa amakhaya abo kanye shí mpikiswano zezombusazwe.

Uyena izindaba jikelele kanye nama-practical wangaphambili. Wenza isivumelwano nenkampani "Batignolles" bese usetha mayelana ekuhleleni umsebenzi ku ukwakhiwa kukhale 90-ikhilomitha-eside, ingadi Belgrade, Pancevo futhi Zemun kusuka prying iDanube izikhukhula. AmaSerbia bajabula kakhulu lapho kuphuma imiphumela kanye wayala ukuba kwakhiwe Cossacks kwebhuloho ujantshi eningizimu yezwe. Shkuro basebenzé hhayi kuphela Kuban, kodwa futhi Don abantu, e-Astrakhan, wesithathu, nezinye abomdabu of eningizimu yeRussia. Eceleni amaqembu Andrew G. wasebenza Cossacks elinye iqhawe kweMpi Yezwe I Viktora Zborovskogo. Ezinye eyakhelwe ke eYugoslavia imigwaqo namadamu tisebenta kuze kube manje.

Futhi Fihla (njengabanye abantu abaningi abavela kwamanye omhlophe) kushiya memoir, lapho exoxa ngayekubonile siqu kulwiwa. Namuhla, encwadini yakhe ethi "Amanothi we White engabandlululi" kuyinto ukwazi itestamente inkathi, ekusizeni ukuqonda Kwahlelwa kanjani futhi ihlelwe ekulweni amaBolshevik eNingizimu yeRussia.

ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo

Emva ukuhlaselwa laseJalimane lobuNazi iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu abavela kwamanye amazwe ezimhlophe ubhekene nesinqumo esinzima. Yena ihlushwa futhi Andreya Shkuro. Jikelele wazonda USSR, wafuna ukuhlukana eRussia amaBolshevik ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ibuyele ezweni lakubo lomdabu Kuban. Njengoba kulwiwa, sekudlule iminyaka engu-20. Abaningi ilungu lawo ayesekhulile impela, kodwa namanje egcwele amandla. Kodwa ngisho ezifana oshisekayo futhi limelene namaSoviet njengoba Denikin futhi Omkhulu Duke Dmitri Pavlovich wenqaba ukusekela amaJalimane. Kodwa wangaphambili Ataman we Don Cossacks, uPetru Krasnov waya rapprochement ne-Third Reich. Ngemva kwakhe abakhetha indlela efanayo enziwe izikhumba jikelele. Biography bombusi ngoba ngalesi sinqumo futhi namuhla impikiswano enkulu.

Naphezu ukwesekwa evulekile abahleli kaHitler kusukela phakathi Cossacks isikhathi eside besingenalo siqu amabutho alo ezempi. Isimo sashintsha kuphela ngo-1943. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Wehrmacht wayesenze amaphutha walahlekelwa empini kwaseStalingrad, futhi ukuhlulwa bakhe bokugcina lonke impi isibe Kuxhomeke isikhathi. Bexakekile, le Fuehrer yaguquka, wanika selihanjiswa ngoba ukudalwa amabutho Cossack owazihlanganisa SS.

Enkonzweni yama-Jalimane

Ngo-1944, Gruppenführer SS Andrew Shkuro okokuqala ngemva kwesikhathi eside becindezelekile ephethwe ibutho. Kwakubonakala kube 15 Cossack Cavalry Corps. Abanolwazi Jikelele ekupheleni ayisithupha balwa abashokobezi eYugoslavia. He ze fanele ukuphinde ngibuyele eRussia ngenkani izikhali. Ngaleso sikhathi, isiphetho-Third Reich kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso kuzenzakalele. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amabutho aseSoviet wathatha Berlin, uStalin ngo- Conference Yalta anakekela izivumelwano kanye oMfelandawonye mayelana nabahleli esizayo.

Ngo-May 2, lo Cossacks waya Austrian East Tyrol lizinikele kuya British. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka izikhumba Jikelele. Phakathi 2nd neMpi Yezwe, wayemi phezu kwesimiso izikhundla simelene namaSoviet, okwakusho ukuthi engene ezandleni NKVD wathembisa ukufa kwakhe okwase kuseduze. Ngokwezazi-mlando ehlukahlukene balinganisela ukuthi ekamu Cossack, kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-36 (amadoda ayizinkulungwane 20 enamandla, nokuba bonke abanye ababaleki elingenacala).

Ukukhishwa e Lienz

Meyi 18, 1945 British wathatha yokubuyiswa ngababaleki. Cossacks kwadingeka sokunikela cishe zonke izikhali zabo. Kubo, amakamu ekhethekile zavezwa eduze edolobheni Austria Lienz.

Wezindleko mass kwekhabhoni 1,500 amaphoyisa. Yonke isakhiwo umyalo (kuhlanganise ojenene) ngaphansi kobuzenzisi obungamanga wabizelwa umhlangano, bese behlukene izigceme. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. amaqiniso athakazelisayo yomlando wakhe exutshwe ezibuhlungu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-ukuphila okunokuthula esekudingisweni, wathatha impi kamabuyaze, kodwa ekugcineni nge idumela lokuba nesandla lwamaNazi wanikezwa zeNhlangano NKVD.

Trial nasekubulaleni

Ngemva kokukhipha British badingiselwa izikhulu kanye nezinye Cossack. Lezo kwakuyizikhathi bengahlomile futhi abangakwazi ukuzilwela, futhi ngenxa yalokho abakwazanga ukumelana. Bonke balingwa e-USSR.

par Shkuro nge Petrom Krasnovym nabanye abaholi kulesiya ngokusebenzelana nohulumeni bathola isigwebo sentambo. Icala le Cossacks kwaba ukwambulwa. Wamangalelwa imisebenzi amaphekula futhi esempini ekulweni neSoviet Union walengiswa. Andrew Shkuro wabulawelwa eMoscow ngo-January 16, 1947. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, namanje wakwazi ukubuyela ezweni labo.