Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - umsunguli we-parachute: Biography, umlando okusungulile

Omunye ezinkulu zezindiza ezisunguliwe - parachute - beza sibonga ukuzimisela imizamo umuntu oyedwa nje - umklami-wafundisa Gleb Kotelnikov. Akazange kwadingeka kuphela ukuxazulula eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo, izinkinga lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi isikhathi eside ukuze kuzuzwe kokuqala ekukhiqizweni iphakethe wokutakula.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Umsunguli esizayo ye-parachute Gleb Kotelnikov wazalwa 18 (30) Januwari 1872 Petersburg. Uyise wayengumGreki uprofesa Mathematics eMoscow University. Umkhaya wonke othanda yobuciko: umculo, imidwebo kanye yaseshashalazini. Indlu ngokuvamile okuhleliwe ukusebenza amateur. Akumangazi ukuthi kazange labetibambile umsunguli parachute njengoba ingane ngiphuphe esigabeni.

Lo mfana wadlala kahle phezu upiyano kanye nezinye izinsimbi zomculo (balalaika, mandolin, violin). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke lezi izinkanuko akazange aphikisane Gleb unesithakazelo esijulile inqubo. Kusukela lapho sizalwa wathola izandla legolide, njalo into wenza lokuqoqa (isibonelo, iminyaka engu-13 wakwazi ukuqoqa ikhamera ukusebenza).

umsebenzi

Ikusasa, okuyinto okwamanje wakhetha we-parachute izonqunywa ngemuva kwekutsi kuvele umndeni. Ubaba naye washona ngaphambi kwesikhathi Gleb nendodana yakhe kwadingeka balishiye leli iphupho somculo. Waya Kiev wezikhali School. Le nsizwa iziqu honours ngo-1894, ngaleyo ndlela baba isikhulu. Lokhu kwalandelwa iminyaka emithathu ka ebuthweni lezempi. Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, Kotelnikov waba isikhulu emnyangweni mkhuba yesifundazwe. Ngo-1899, washada ebuntwaneni intombi yakhe Yulii Volkovoy.

Ngo-1910 umkhaya othile onezingane ezintathu kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg. Enhloko-dolobha, umsunguli esizayo ye-parachute waba umlingisi ngesikhathi Yabantu House, abhikisha mbumbulu esiteji Glebov-Kotelnikov. Petersburg wamnika amathuba amasha futhi ukusebenzisa ezingaba evelele. Zonke edlule amagugu waqhubeka ukwakhiwa ezingeni amateur.

wokuzilibazisa izindiza

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza. Emadolobheni amaningi isiRashiya, kuhlanganise Petersburg, sezenziwe ukuboniswa izindiza, okuyinto ngokucace umphakathi. It kanjalo ngajwayelana zezindiza kanye umsunguli esizayo ye-parachute ubhaka Gleb Kotelnikov. Ukuba nesikhathi sokuphila qakala amasu, akakwazanga okhela isithakazelo izindiza.

Kwaziqondanela nje ukuba, Kotelnikov waba ubufakazi unwitting kuya ekufeni umshayeli wokuqala emlandweni zezindiza Russian. Ngesikhathi umshayeli wendiza indiza ukuboniswa Matsievich aqathaka esihlalweni wafa, ashaya phansi. Ukulandela kuye phansi bakudala futhi izindiza engazinzile.

Isidingo parachute

Le nhlekelele ezihilela Matsievich kwaba umphumela onengqondo yokungazethembi e ngendiza yokuqala kakhulu izinjini izindiza. Uma umuntu wangena emoyeni, ukubekwa ukusekela ukuphila kwakhe. Le nkinga Kuvezwe ngisho phambi izindiza. Ekhulwini XIX ngumuntu Balloons efanayo kungalungiswanga wahlupheka. Endabeni ka umlilo zabantu sihlupheka. Babengakwazi ukushiya imoto ekucindezelekeni.

Lokhu uxakekile ingaxazululwa kuphela kokusungulwa parachute. I ucwaningo lokuqala Kwakuseshwa ekukhiqizeni yayo eNtshonalanga. Nokho, inkinga ngokuya izici lobuchwepheshe bekulokhu isikhathi esinzima kakhulu kuye. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, zezindiza intuthuko. Ukungakwazi ukunikeza esindisa impilo isiqinisekiso pilot sina sebehlushwa ukuthuthukiswa lonke yamabhanoyi umkhakha. Kwahamba daredevils yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba kuphela.

Sebenza kokusungulwa

Ngemva isiqephu edabukisayo ku izindiza ngesibonakaliso Gleb Kotelnikov (lowo owasungula le-parachute) waphenduka efulethini lakhe ku workshop ephelele. Umklami kwaba behlanyiswa umbono ukwakha imoto wokutakula ezazizosiza pilot ukusinda kuphahlazeka indiza. I okurarako kwaba ukuthi umlingisi amateur waqala wedwa inkinga lobuchwepheshe lapho iminyaka eminingi ngeze alwa ochwepheshe abaningi abavela emhlabeni jikelele.

Zonke ucwaningo we-parachute Kotelnikov olwenziwa ngezindleko zakhe siqu. Imali sasiqine, ngokuvamile kwakudingeka skimp on imininingwane. Amakhophi sokusinda izikebhe sesehle sisuka Kites nophahla Petersburg. Boilermakers ithole izincwadi eziningi ezikhuluma ngomlando ezindizayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwenzeke enye ngemva kwenye. Kancane kancane, umsunguli wafika ukucushwa eyisibonelo wokutakula izimali esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kwakufanele kube-parachute okuhlala kanye engasindi. I abancane nabasafufusa, wayengase njalo nomuntu futhi basize isikhashana esiyingozi kakhulu.

izinkinga zobuchwepheshe

Ukusebenzisa design bungaphelele parachute kwakugcwele amaphutha eziningana ezinzima. Eyokuqala eqa real phambili, owayebizwa elinde umshayeli ngesikhathi Dome ukudalulwa. Ngakho-ke Gleb Kotelnikov (lowo owasungula le-parachute) isikhathi esiningi umklamo kohlelo ukumiswa. wayebuye izikhathi eziningana uzenze okunamathiselwe. Uma usebenzisa okungalungile design sokusinda izikebhe umuntu akwazi nemiyalezo uphendukisa emoyeni.

kuqala imodeli izindiza ubhaka parachute umsunguli lakhe bahlola onodoli, mannequins. Njengoba wasebenzisa usilika Indwangu. Ukuze lolu daba kungase ngejubane ephephile ukwehlisa umuntu phansi, kwasithatha cishe 50 square metres lendwangu. Okokuqala Kotelnikov eligoqiwe parachute phakathi headgear, kodwa kungenzeka kungahlali kasilika kangaka. Abasunguli bavela ikhambi yokuqala ngale nkinga.

Umqondo womuntu oyedwa ubhaka

Mhlawumbe igama we-parachute lwaluzokwehluka uma Gleb Kotelnikov babengacabangi ukusesha ukuxazulula inkinga alo parachute nojosaka ekhethekile. Ukuze bakwamukele ndaba yakhe owayezile nge umdwebo yasekuqaleni futhi eyinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi ahlabayo. Ekugcineni, umsunguli waqala ukudala sibonelo wokuqala. Kulokhu umfazi wamsiza.

Ngokushesha, wayekulungele RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Ngaphakathi ubhaka kwaba eshalofini metal akhethekile iziphethu ezimbili ikhoyili. Boilermakers wenza isakhiwo kangangokuthi angavulwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalesi umshayeli kudingeka kuphela ukudonsa intambo ekhethekile. I iziphethu ngaphakathi Dome ubhaka ovulekile futhi ukuwa kwaba bushelelezi.

Finishing kuthintwa

I-parachute siqukethe 24 emidwebweni. Ngokusebenzisa wonke Dome waya izitilobho, okuyinto zazixhunywe ezizibeni ukulengiswa. Bona eboshelwe izingwegwe kuya phansi, esigqokwa umuntu. Kwaba kweshumi okhalweni, ehlombe nasesifubeni wayibhinca. Sekuke kwaba khona izihibe wanakekela izinyawo. kudivayisi parachute ivumela umshayeli ukuyilawula phakathi Uzalo emhlabathini.

Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi ukusungulwa kuyoba intuthuko e zezindiza, Kotelnikov ngokuthi i-copyright. Akazange abe-patent, futhi ngenxa yalokho, noma ngubani ongowesinye isizwe owabona parachute esenzweni nokuqonda izimiso ka kusebenta kwato, ungase ukuntshontsha umbono. Lezi ukukhathazeka kwaholela Gleb Paton uthuthe ukuhlolwa kwabo ezindaweni izimpumputhe Novgorod ukuthi belulekwa indodana umsunguli. Lokho kukhona lwaluzovivinywa version yokugcina wokutakula imoto entsha.

Ukulwela ukukhipha patent

Indaba okumangazayo kokusungulwa parachute baqhubeka Agasti 10, 1911, lapho Kotelnikov wabhala incwadi enemininingwane kusikhungo sosizo ukuze Ministry of War. Wachaza ngokuningiliziwe izici lobuchwepheshe izinto ezintsha, futhi wachaza ukubaluleka kokusebenza yayo yempi futhi civil aviation. Ngempela, kuphela inani izindiza yanda, futhi esongelwa nokufa entsha pilot abanesibindi.

Nokho, incwadi Nyquist lokuqala walahleka. Kuyacaca manje ukuthi umsunguli kuyodingeka ukubhekana tape esabekayo abomvu. Waqala ukuba Okubelesela Office futhi ikhomishini ahlukahlukene neMpi. Ekugcineni Gleb E. yaqhuma Committee icebo. Nokho, nemsebenti lokhu umnyango bhunkula bono umklami. Enqaba ukuba unikeze i-patent, ucabangela kokusungulwa engenamsebenzi.

ukuqashelwa

Ngemva ukwehluleka ekhaya Kotelnikov ukwenze kokubhaliswa ngokomthetho eyasungulwa wakhe eFrance. Lo mcimbi eside elindelwe senzeka Mashi 20, 1912. Khona-ke wakwazi ukuhlela ukuhlolwa jikelele, wakhe ubuhanjelwe pilot kanye nabanye abantu abathintekayo kulo abasha zezindiza Russian. Badlula Juni 6, 1912 edolobhaneni Salyuzi eduze Petersburg. Ngemva kokufa Gleb Paton waleli dolobha liqanjwe kabusha Kotelnikovo.

Juni ekuseni phambi amazed umshayeli zomphakathi ibhaluni usike ekupheleni loop, futhi udoli abaqeqeshiwe waqala kuwele phansi. Izethameli wabukela okwakwenzeka emoyeni ngosizo omabonakude. Ngemva imizuzwana embalwa lo mshini osebenza ngayo, futhi isibhakabhaka wawa Dome evulekile. Ngalolo suku kwakungekho emoyeni, okuyinto kungani udoli lawela kwesokudla ezinyaweni zakhe, yema khona imizuzwana embalwa, wawa. Ngemva kwalokhu uhlolo lomphakathi wonke yathola ukuthi umsunguli zezindiza ubhaka parachute.

ekukhiqizweni parachutes

ukukhiqizwa Okokuqala uchungechunge RC-1 siqale eFrance ngo-1913. Isidingo parachutes kukhuphuke ngo-oda ngemva ngokushesha kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. I-Russian wokutakula kits okwakudingeka izindiza pilot "Muromets Ilya". Khona-ke iminyaka eminingi RK-1 wahlala esisemqoka eSoviet Air Force.

Lapho uhulumeni kwamaBolshevik Kotel'nikov aqhubeka bahlanganyele zokuguqulwa okusungulile yayo yasekuqaleni. Uye wasebenza nge Zhukovsky, wabelane laboratory yabo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza. ukweqa abanolwazi nge parachutes test beye saba umbukwane mass - akhawunti lenqwaba izibukeli bona. Ngo-1923, kwaba khona imodeli RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov uye wabanika nge Isikhwama semi esithambile. Lokhu kwalandelwa ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Parachutes baba esikahle xaxa futhi ezingokoqobo.

Kanyekanye umsebenzi wakhe sokusungula Kotelnikov enikelwe isikhathi esiningi ukusiza club flying. Yena ozongitshela, wavakashela wamukelekile emphakathini ezemidlalo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-55 ubudala ngenxa umsunguli wayeka ucwaningo. Zonke igalelo lakhe awunika likahulumeni waseSoviet. Ukuze impumelelo eziningi Nyquist waklonyeliswa Order of Red Star.

Kokuba umhlalaphansi Kotel'nikov waphila enhloko-dolobha enyakatho. Wabhala izincwadi futhi izincwadi. Lapho Impi YeZwe II iqala, osekhulile futhi kancane ukubona Gleb E. Nokho, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo enhlanganweni air ukuzivikela kweLeningrad. Ukuvinjelwa ebusika nendlala aqeda ezinkulu empilweni yakhe. Nyquist zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo oya eMoscow, nalapho afike ashonela khona ngoNovemba 22, 1944. umsunguli Famous wembelwa Novodevichy Amathuna.