Jikelele komkhawulo nkathi ... Code Civil: yisimiso ukulinganiselwa

Isejwayezi ukuzindela ngokuba kusasa umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya eziningi. Ezinye bathethelele ngayo bakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wabo, abanye - nje ukuchaza ubuvila siqu. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, sikhundla kungaholela nemiphumela ezingalindelekile futhi ngokuvamile ezingemnandi. Sikhuluma enkantolo. Ngakho, abantu abaningi babe ezinye izinto ukuze ixazulule leyo nje Kudingeka sithinte izinkantolo. Kungenzeka iqoqo izikweletu ezindala kanye nokubhekelelwa yimuphi wesithathu isinyathelo party ayivumelekile. Ezimweni ezithile, uma weqa isikhathi onikelwa ngumbuso Ukubuyekeza zokwahlulela, isinqumo senkantolo kungase kungabi esivuna ummangali. INkantolo wale ndaba uzoba ubheke kokuphela kwesikhathi imincele.

Umkhawulo yezenzo. ekwakhiweni

Noma yimuphi umuntu unelungelo lokubumba noma lokuba uqhubekele imishini zokwahlulela ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo ngabanye. Nokho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho, ukubeka luhlaka isikhathi ukuze afake isimemezelo esinjalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uvikela amalungelo umuntu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, avikelekile ngezinga elithile izithakazelo ummangalelwa sika. Lesi sakamuva singabangela kungabi ekuphileni kwakhe konke esimweni ukungaqiniseki, nsuku zonke elinde itleyimu ngokwabo, ngakho isimo futhi bakusebenzisa kanjani lokhu kadokotela. Wabuye ukhuthaza kwabamangali futhi izicelo zokudluliswa kwesinqumo esifike inkantolo ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo ubugebengu.

Umkhawukho wesikhathi isinyathelo ihlukile kwezinye imigomo, ezifana kadokotela acquisitive. Sibangelwa yokuntula ithuba, uma kwakukhona ndima kwesikhathi komkhawulo, ukuvikela amalungelo abo enkantolo ngenkani. Nokho, ekupheleni kwethemu akuvimbeli ngelungelo lomfakisicelo ukufaka isimangalo.

Inani kwesikhathi

Code Civil kuchazwa leli gama. Imithetho ubizwa ngokuthi ezivamile, ukuthi ihlobene uhlobo eyinhloko unxusa ezinkantolo. Ngamanye amazwi, igama elithi jikelele isicelo njalo, uma kukhona ezinye esithile esibekiwe ngokukhethekile. Ngokusho lesi simiso, jikelele komkhawulo nkathi engu-3. isikhathi esinjalo lisebenza ebuhlotsheni omthetho asuke phakathi kwezakhamizi, izinhlangano Intermedia kanye phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho uma amaqembu isivumelwano phakathi kwabo, ukusungula kulo noma yimiphi imigomo ekhethekile, isimo esinjalo yesivumelwano ngeke babe namandla.

elithi Special

Ukuze lithole ukuthi lezi komkhawulo kwesikhathi jikelele isikhathi, kudingeka sazi ukuthi, ngeke kushintshwe uma lesi simo saba khona, noma kunalokho kungenzeka sikhalo salo, imigomo ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile lezi nemingcele ekhethekile nethuba ukuba inqobo futhi Kratie ngokuvamile kusungulwa. imigomo Special yimithetho, kuhlanganise the Civil Code.

Ngokwesibonelo, the Civil Code kwesikhathi komkhawulo esichaziwe izikhalazo kwabamangali 'eminyakeni eyishumi ezinkantolo nge lokufuna ukusetshenziswa imiphumela semthethweni yesivumelwano ayivumelekile. Nokho, iningi komthetho we-civil lapho kungukuthi enwetshiwe, kodwa kunalokho, anciphe imigomo. Ngakho, ngo-izenzo for ukuchitha kohlobo oluthile ukuthengiselana, le nkathi kungaba izinyanga ezingu-12. Kuvele ezifanayo isethi isikhathi kanye nezicelo ukuba zenethiwekhi. kweminyaka emibili kunikezwa ukuhambisa izimangalo izinkampani zomshuwalense ukuze.

Indlela esetshenziswa

Nakuba jikelele komkhawulo kwesikhathi izinyanga 36, izinkantolo angeke usibize, ngaphandle kokuthatha isicelo we yisakhamuzi. Ukusetshenziswa komthetho enjalo kadokotela kuphela kuhlinzekelwe umcimbi ukuthi ummangalelwa Party yazise ngakho. Yeqa kwesikhathi komkhawulo kukodwa kusho ukuthi umbuzo ngeke adiliza futhi avalwe noma ukuxoshwa yesimangalo. Uma ummangalelwa ufuna inkantolo isicelo salo mthetho, ke kumelwe ngishumayele isicelo elihambisana inkantolo, okungenani ngamazwi, okungenani ngokubhala. Uma kumemezela ingemukelwa, inkantolo ngeke ngokuzimela ukusebenzisa isimiso ukulinganiselwa.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi uma ingxabano kuhilela abamangalelwa eziningana, kanye nokwelashwa pass, le ndaba esebenza ngayo yinkantolo kufanele sigcwaliswe bonke ngothi lwabo. Uma efakwe ummangalelwa eyodwa kuphela, ijaji isebenzisa isikhathi komkhawulo kuphela maqondana lo ummangalelwa. Kukhona okuhlukile. Inkantolo ungenqaba ummangali ebukhoneni lasho amazwi anjalo ummangalelwa eyodwa kuphela uma isimangalo ummangali ayikwazi ngokugcwele noma ingxenye esenziwe abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo esinjalo singase siphakame lapho ukugcwalisa isimangalo nokuvulwa imoto, okuyinto ngokuhlanganyela owned by abantu abaningi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isicelo isimiso ukulinganiselwa kungenzeka futhi ngesicelo ummangali, hhayi kuphela ummangalelwa. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, lokhu ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, ummangali mthetho uthi counterparty.

Imithetho efakwe nesikhathi zokugcwalisa isimangalo ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi komkhawulo, lokhu mfuneko akufanele bafaka kwesikhathi sokugcina Isivivinyo yomculo. Okungukuthi, imfuneko ingenziwa ngesikhathi sokuthethwa kwecala, kule mpikiswano amaqembu, ukutadisha ifayela icala, kodwa phambi kwenkantolo umhlala ekamelweni amakhanda, lapho uzothatha isinqumo.

Ukubalwa kwesikhathi

Imithetho emkhakheni ubudlelwane civil ngokunembile enqunyelwe isikhathi, okungafanele kwesikhathi imincele. Le nombolo, lapho abantu bebuzwa mayelana lokungalandeli umthetho kwamandla ayo. Uma ummangali awuzange unolwazi mayelana ngalokhu, kodwa ngenxa ezinye izimo umgomo kufanele wazile ngezingcindezi nokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe, inkathi namanje sekuqala kusukela leli phuzu. Isibonelo esivumelwaneni izinhlangothi, lapho umdayisi kufanele ukuletha izimpahla kumthengi ngendlela esiyizinsuku ezinhlanu ezilandelayo kokuthola lokugcina idokhumenti inkokhelo ehambisana. Kuleso simo, uma umdayisi akukayifezi nezibopho zayo, futhi imibhalo yokukhokha oyifakile, inkathi komkhawulo sekuqala ku inkontileka ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-5.

On the Yiqiniso kwesikhathi akuphazamisi Empeleni, ngubani okubize lokhu esandleni ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo i-. Okusho ukuthi, uma nakwabangenangqondo umuntu ngokomthetho ukuthi ubani inqubo ngokumiswa, ukuyisa udaba enkantolo bafaka ikhomishana ekucwileni, awusebenzi Unelungelo bathethelele izimangalo zabo ukuthi usanda kulithola yesikweletu ekhona. Isimiso imikhawulo izikweletu kule isimo ibalwe kusukela okwamanje lapho inhlangano kwavala Ufunde ngayo.

Ekunqumeni usuku lapho ukubala leso sikhathi iqala, kufanele bahlukanise phakathi nosuku icala futhi usuku lapho umuntu, amalungelo okwakukhona transgress, wayazi ngakho. Akunzima ukuthola usuku lapho ummangali iqaphela ukoniwa ngosuku olufanayo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuba afunde ngayo kamuva kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, flat, elisetendeni ubunikazi ezivamile yahlukaniswa yadliwa abanikazi eziningana. Kulokhu, kwemvume wanoma yimuphi umnikazi, ngubani ngezebhizinisi, ayifunwanga, futhi ngempela, bakhiqiza sigaba kungafaki share yayo. I yekucala ukubala isikhathi esinjalo ophucwa umnikazi kuyoba ngosuku lapho iqaphela kwephulwe imithetho.

Ngezinye izikhathi kunezimo lapho umuntu kumelwe siqaphele nokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe ngesisekelo izinkontileka iphetha isici eqondile ukusebenza nezibopho. Isibonelo. Izivumelwano loan esiphakathi amaklayenti ebhange futhi ibhange uqobo, isho isikhathi lapho loan kumelwe abuyiselwe. Phezu okuvela kosuku ngokungabi bikho lenkathi yokukhokha iqala ukuya ukuze afake izimangalo yasebhange futhi izimfuno ezingemukeleki.

Ingabe igama elithi izomiswa

umthetho civil Russian sihlinzekela izimo lapho kukhona isikhathi komkhawulo uyovalwa okwesikhashana. Futhi nakuba jikelele komkhawulo isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha, ngenxa lokho kumiswa kungase empeleni ibe yinde. Empeleni, lokho kumiswa kubangelwa yokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ezimweni ezithile, ummangali ayikwazi ilungelo lakhe ukuzivikela enkantolo.

Code Civil kwesikhathi komkhawulo imiswe okwesikhashana ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

1. Isenzo of force majeure. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngaphansi leli gama ungathola ezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo. Nokho, izimo i-force majeure kungabuye aphumelele, begodu izenzo zabantu, isibonelo, izenzo ukulwa noma iziteleka kanye nezinye imibhikisho sabantu. Ukuze izimo ezinjalo libhekene imvelo okungavamile, okuyinto ezingezona ezemvelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa egcwele ubudlelwane evamile. Nokho, kufanele kwezimo ezinjalo njengento engenakwenzeka ukuvimbela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sokuthula sangaphambi kwesivunguvungu, ngamandla okuyinto amaphuzu amahlanu, kolwandle kuzoxoxwa umkhumbi amancane force majeure, isivunguvungu efanayo uyidwala okufanayo umkhumbi esindayo njengoba enjalo ngeke. Kunoma ikuphi, incazelo kwezinye izimo olungena ekuphatheni of force majeure futhi ngenxa yalokho Kumiswe kwesikhathi komkhawulo, iyona akubona inkantolo. Kuphela inkantolo ekuqhubeni endabeni ethile kungase kuthathe ngesinqumo esithathwe ngaleso sicelo izizathu zokumiswa kwesikhathi.
2. Yezizathu ezilandelayo ukumiswa - isevisi futhi umsebenzi okweletayo empini. Umthetho usungula ukubhuka - amabutho kufanele idluliselwe isimo wezempi. Uma umthetho karate kangenanga ke isikhathi ngeke okwesikhashana. Nokho, inkonzo phakathi kwababusi Armed Forces yinkantolo kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile esizwakalayo, ngokufanele, inkathi kungenziwa zibuyiswe.
3. UKUHLEHLISWA (ngokohlelo lokugcwaliswa) usethe nguhulumeni.
4. Ukumiswa umthetho olawula ubudlelwane ezithile ezingokomthetho eziphathelene kokunikezwa kwe-imithetho.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi esikhathini sokumiswa kuphela kungenzeka uma ngezizathu ngenhla kwavela kulezi zinyanga eziyisithupha ezidlule, ngakho-ke uma ubukade, abakwazi ibe nethonya ku kwakuphakathi eside.

ikhefu

Akumelwe ididaniswe ikhefu isikhathi sekhefu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke Isikhathi esesiye sadlula phambi kwakhe, kungathi zeroed, uya uphelelwa amandla. Kusukela ikhefu, inkathi komkhawulo esisha ngaphansi inkontileka noma ezinye izimo uzoqala flow futhi. Isikhathi langemva ngaphambi kwekhefu, yebo, isikhathi elalisanda kumiswa ngeke ibalwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ngesikhathi sengathi babengekho.

Ngokokuqala ukubala isikhawu kadokotela izishayamthetho base ezimbili kuphela setha. Lezi zisekelo zingaguqulwa noma okuhunyushwa ngobubanzi. Awakwazi eyayihambisana yimiphi imibandela. Lezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

1. bazisise izikweletu noma umuntu ukwenza kubo ukuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo ukuthi lokho kungase kubonise lokhu.
2. Isethulo kwesimangalo nefinyelela ezinkantolo.

bazisise izikweletu ungaboniswa njengoba ekulotshweni ngqo okweletayo, futhi ngokusebenzisa izenzo ezenziwa kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ummangalelwa angase abhalele ilungelo uzobona ukuvuma kwayo, noma kungenzeka ukhokhe ingxenye yesikweletu esikhulu ukuthi izoqinisekisa ukuthi yena uyavumelana yini nalokho nezimfuneko kuso. Kuzo zonke izimo ezinjalo esikhathini komkhawulo uphazamiseka izikweletu futhi wabe mkhuba omusha.

Ukuze yesibili base ummangali osebenzayo kufanele kufayela isudi. Kulokhu, amazwi anjalo kumelwe ukwanelisa zonke izidingo Ikhodi of Civil Inqubo. Uma lokhu akunjalo, futhi leli gama awuzange uphazanyiswe.

Isikhathi komkhawulo ukufuna, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, ukubala komkhawulo kwesikhathi, uma isimangalo ishiywa ngaphandle kokucabangela, kulawulwa yimithetho Code Civil 204.

Kungenzeka yini ukubuyisela ekuphileni

I Civil Code ichaza ukuthi isihloko esidlule yisimiso ukulinganiselwa kungenzeka uqhube, ukuthi ayabuya. Nokho, lokhu kungenzeka bangazuza abantu zemvelo kuphela, nokuthi uma unesizathu ukuqashelwa ezinkantolo njengoba evumelekile. isenzo Legal ezinye zalezi zizathu kumele bucaciswe ngqo - kungaba isifo, futhi isimo olungenakuzisiza, kanye nezinye izimo. Ebalulwe ikhodi uhlu izizathu ezinjalo alupheli, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuqashelwa esisemthethweni noma cha, waphinda umthwalo wenkantolo. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ubophekile ukuba uhlole ngokucophelela ubufakazi obuvumela kwesikhathi ukweqiwa, bese senza isinqumo sayo ukwenqaba, noma ukuze sanelise izidingo. izisusa zabo inkantolo ubophekile ukuba athi leso sinqumo.

Uma isibopho uyabulawa emva kokuphothulwa

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu bebophekile ukufeza kahle isibopho yayo counterparty yayo ngemuva kwesikhathi komkhawulo siphelile, ngeke zidinga ukusebenza emuva. Odlule yisimiso ukulinganiselwa akuphazamisi isibopho okweletayo sika ukufeza izibopho zayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Uma umuntu waphindela izikweletu ayemkweleta ngesimo imali eminyakeni emihlanu (ie, isimiso ukulinganiselwa isidlulile), kamuva wathola ngalokhu edlule, kungenzeka adinga ayemkweleta ukuze ibuyisele le mali.

okuhlukile

Njengoba izinto eziningi, sivumele isishaya-mthetho kuchazwe amacala lapho abanye kubhekwa igama elithi akunamthelela. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana the Civil Code, inkathi komkhawulo akavele:

• ngezinkulumo ezithi izakhamuzi ', imali yabo ebhange ukuze ukuthi ibhange;
• nokuzisholo ukuvikelwa kanye nokuvulwa okungezona amalungelo siqu kanye nezinye izinzuzo ukuthi akuzona izinto ezithengwa ngemali;
• abanikazi izimangalo ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo ukwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe;
• ngesicelo abantu ngaye ukulimala kwabangelwa ekuphileni noma impilo, ukuze isinxephezelo nomonakalo onjalo.

Lolu hlu aluphelele futhi esingujuqu. Eminye imithetho noma Imithethonqubo ingahlinzeka ukuzobhekana namanye amacala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye base ohlwini okufakiwe yokusungulwa kungenzeka kwesikhathi komkhawulo ngamanye imithetho, ngakho zonke isiwombe esisodwa kumele ihlaziye hhayi kuphela ngokombono the Civil Code, kodwa futhi neminye imithetho. Futhi Kuhle kokusho ukuthi izimangalo zezakhamizi isinxephezelo umonakalo owenziwe impilo yabo, azigcini isikhathi komkhawulo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, e ukuhlaziywa amazwi anjengokuthi yinkantolo ecacisiwe nenkathi yeminyaka engu-3 esandulele nokufakwa lokufuna okungase kube umonakalo walulama. Esikhathini kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka emithathu edlule, lesi senzo ngeke nisuthe.

Ngakho, nakuba la jikelele komkhawulo isikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu, esimweni ngasinye ethize okufanele ukuphenya ngokuqondile, ukucacisa ngaphansi ngasiphi isikhathi uwe.