Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - kuyinto oda ezincelisayo .... zinhlobo mammalian

Izilwane noma izilwane ezincelisayo - kuba ihlelwe kakhulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Ukuthuthukiswa isimiso sezinzwa, ukusuthisa amathole ubisi, lokuzalwa bukhoma, efudumele-bloodedness wabavumela ukuba lusakazwe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi uthathe ezihlukahlukene izindawo. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - yizilwane ezihlala emahlathini (izingulube zasendle nama-moose, onogwaja, izimpungushe, izimpisi), ezintabeni (imvu, izimbuzi zasezintabeni), emaqeleni kanye lulwimi ezingwadule (jerboa, hamsters, izingwejeje, izinyamazane saiga) enhlabathini (amagundane imvukuzane amavukuzi) izilwandle nezilwandle (amahlengethwa, imikhomo). Ezinye zazo (isib, amalulwane), uchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwabo asebenzayo emoyeni. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi ukhona ezingaphezu kuka 4 ayizinkulungwane zezilwane. Ama-oda ezincelisayo, kanye nezici isilwane - konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko. Ake uqale nge kwachazwa sakhiwo sabo.

sakhiwo sangaphandle

lezi zilwane umzimba linoboya (izinsalela kwakhona ngisho imikhomo). Hlukanisa enziwe ngoboya ngqo (nomgogodla) nasebubini emazombezombe (undercoat). Ukungcola kanye nokulahlwa undercoat ivikela yomgogodla. Uvolo ikhava mammalian kungenzeka kuphela aqukethe nomgogodla (isb, izinyamazane), noma we undercoat (njengoba amavukuzi). Lezi zilwane ngezikhathi elachitheka. Ngo ezincelisayo, lapho kwabantu kuyahlukahluka noboya, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umbala. Isikhumba izilwane izinwele follicle, umjuluko nezindlala sebaceous kanye ukuhlela kabusha yabo (Milky kanye indlala odorous), izikali Horny (efana umsila kwama-beaver namagundane), kanye nezinye uphondo kumiswa okwenzeka esikhumbeni (izimpondo, izinselo, izinzipho, izimpiko). Uma ucabangela isakhiwo inothi mammalian ukuthi imilenze zitholakala ngaphansi umzimba futhi unikeze lezi zilwane ngaphezulu ukunyakaza ephelele.

skeleton

Ugebhezi babo kakhulu athuthukile Nogebhezi lwawo. Ngo ezincelisayo, amazinyo ku imihlathi amaseli. Babevame zihlukaniswe impande, canines kanye amazinyo. Emgogodleni wesibeletho yakhiwa cishe zonke izilwane amathambo eziyisikhombisa. Basuke movably axhumene, ngaphandle ezimbili sacral futhi caudal, ezimila ndawonye ukwakha sacrum - ithambo olulodwa. Izimbambo kuthiwa jointed ukuba amathambo thoracic, okuyizinto ngokuvamile kusuka 12 kuya 15. kakhulu ezincelisayo ibhande ifomu forelimb blade abhanqiwe futhi clavicle. Kuyidlanzana izilwane ezigcinwe iqhude amathambo. Ukhalo siqukethe amathambo amabili okhalo tho ne sacrum. esitho Skeleton - ezifana amathambo neminyango, kanye nabanye abameleli ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo abane-ezinemilenze.

Yini ezincelisayo iyezwa?

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - yizilwane, ngubani benezindlebe ukusiza sithathe amaphunga, kanye ukunquma isiqondiso sabo. Amehlo abo babe nezinkophe kanye eyelashes. On nemilenze, isisu, ikhanda elise Intshebe - ezinde indawo. Izilwane ukuzisebenzisa ukuzizwa ngisho touch kancane kwezihloko.

Umsuka ezincelisayo

Kanye nezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo - siyinzalo we ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Lokhu kufakazelwa ukufana kwezilwane esine ezihuquzelayo yesimanje. Ikakhulu, kubonakala kusaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa umbungu. ubufakazi nakakhulu ukufana itholwe nabo izibankwa esincelisayo-like, yokuqothulwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Futhi ngenxa wahlangana ngobuhlobo ezihuquzelayo ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona izilwane amaqanda aqukethe eziningi izakhi. Ezinye zalezi izilwane abe cloaca, amathambo iqhude athuthukile kanye neminye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso yenhlangano ongaphakeme. Kumayelana yinotheria (egg-kubekwa). Sizokwenza bakutshele okwengeziwe ngabo.

yinotheria

Kuyinto subclass esincelisayo bakudala kakhulu abaphila namuhla. Kanye izici sekushiwo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abanayo lokushisa emzimbeni njalo. Mammary yinotheria indlala isidingo izingono. Maphuphu achanyuselwe amaqanda, ikhotha ubisi kusukela noboya kamama.

I monotremes - eyodwa evelele kule subclass. Lokhu kuhlanganisa 2 izinhlobo: i echidna futhi platypus. Lezi zilwane zingatholakala e-Australia, kanye naseziqhingini eseduze nale ndlela. Platypus - isilwane naphakathi. Ethanda ukuphila loMfula imifula futhi lapha kuyimpilo semi yasemanzini. Umgodi bemba wawayisa ebhange emaweni, uchitha isikhathi esiningi. entwasahlobo Platypus Insikazi ibekela amaqanda (ngokuvamile amabili) e umgodi ekhethekile, sikuhlomele ekamelweni yokwakha isidleke. Yezinyoka - izilwane burrowing. umzimba wabo embozwe uboya Friend kanye izinaliti. Izinsikazi kwalezi zilwane walala iqanda elilodwa, lapho ukufakwa esikhwameni - emphethweni isikhumba, esisogwini esiswini. Ichwane, bakha kulo, kuze esikhwameni kuze umzimba aliveli izinaliti.

ama-marsupial

Izilwane zihlanganisa ama-marsupial lamabutho ngubani abelethe beya abasha bese ugqoka nabo isikhwama esikhethekile. Basuke kabi athuthukile noma kwakhiwa hhayi placenta is. Marsupial ukusakaza ikakhulu e-Australia, kanye iziqhingi eseduze nale ndlela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - the marsupial Bear (koala) kanye ama-kangaroo giant.

ezidla

Insectivorous - iyunithi ehlanganisa bakudala izilwane esinomhlapho lasendulo: onogwaja, shrews, nezimvukuzane, muskrats. Isifonyo side yabo, ine lezi side. Ngo amazinyo ezincane insectivorous, nezinyawo zabo ngamadijithi amahlanu. Abaningi babo eduze impande umsila noma ezinhlangothini zomzimba ziyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela nezindlala odorous.

Shrew - abameleli ezincane kunazo zonke ezidla izinambuzane. Zihlala zotshani, izihlahla aminyene. Lezi zidalwa elinganeliseki futhi ukuhlasela izilwane ezincane. Ngesikhathi ubusika, basuke kuvuleke uhamba iqhwa ukuthola izinambuzane.

Nezimvukuzane - izilwane, okuholela yokuphila komhlaba. Bemba bashone nezinyawo zabo phambi izimbobo eziningi. Ngezinye amehlo imvukuzane sika kabi athuthukile futhi amachashazi amnyama. Isakhasa kukhona ezindlebeni. Dlala elingenamikhono obukhulu has indlela ethile futhi ilingana kahle ekupheleni emzimbeni lapho ihamba. Nezimvukuzane abakhuthele unyaka wonke.

cheiroptera

Lamabutho Amalulwane Amalulwane noma kuhlanganisa isakhiwo izilwane ezinobukhulu aphakathi nendawo kanye amancane, okuyinto bayakwazi indiza eyaqinisa. Ngo ezisondelene nazo kanye ezishisayo baningi ikakhulukazi. Amazinyo la ezilwane ezidla ezinye uhlobo. Okuvame kakhulu ezweni plecotus Isikhumba sethu, vechornytsi. Abamele amalulwane ehlala attics kwezindlu emigodini zezihlahla, emigedeni. Emini bancamela ukulala ezindaweni zokukhosela abo, futhi kuhwelela ukuza ibambe izinambuzane.

namagundane

Leli qembu ihlanganisa ingxenye yesithathu esincelisayo zilwane ezihlala kule planethi yethu namuhla. Lezi zihlanganisa amaprotheni, izingwejeje, amagundane, kanye nezinye izilwane ezilinganayo ngobukhulu medium and elincane. Namagundane lingama - izilwane herbivorous. Baye amazinyo athuthukile kakhulu (e emhlathini ngamunye - amabili), i-molars kokuba flat ukuhlafuna ebusweni. Ayikho izimpande amazinyo namagundane. Basuke sanda, self-Lola and ezigugile phansi ngokudla ukudla. Iningi namagundane has a amathumbu isikhathi eside cecum. Namagundane kukhona arboreal (dormouse, izingwejeje ezindizayo, izingwejeje), kanye semi zasemanzini (muskrat, nutria, ama-beaver) kanye lulwimi komhlaba (phansi izingwejeje, amagundane). Lokhu izilwane kwande. Iningi lawo abantu abasha yazalwa iyimpumputhe futhi uhamba-ze. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka ngo izidleke, agcwalise futhi izimbobo.

lagomorphs

Leli qembu ihlanganisa tinhlobo tetinyoni, onogwaja pikas - izilwane, kakhulu afana namagundane. Kuyinto ethize dentition Isici esiyinhloko lagomorphs. Sinenkosi 2 umsiki elincane ngemuva 2 phezulu omkhulu. Hare (hare hare) adla emagxolweni izihlahla kanye izihlahla abasha, utshani. Bephuma ukondla lapho kuhlwa futhi ebusuku. Young bezalwa ababonayo, nge noboya obukhulu. Ngokungafani izinyoni, onogwaja umbe Burrows ezijulile. Female ngaphambi kokuzalwa zíze futhi abayizimpumputhe abasha yenza esidlekeni phansi, yena ukudansela isiginci sakhe aphume ibele lakhe, kanye utshani obomile.

ezidla

Abamele leli qembu (amabhere, ochakide, marten, ama-lynx, izimpungushe, izimpungushe, izimpisi) ukondla ngokuvamile izinyoni nezinye izilwane. esincelisayo yabo inyamazane okuzingela ngenkuthalo tilandzelwe. Amazinyo lezi zilwane zihlukaniswe amazinyo, canines futhi zomdabu. I amaningi kukhona canines, futhi 4 molars. Abameleli leli qembu emathunjini iDemo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esincelisayo okuzingela ukudla ukudla siyagwinyeka kalula futhi okunama-kilojoule amaningi.

pinnipeds

Thina uqhubekele pinnipeds ukucabangela. abameleli babo (walruses, izimvu zamanzi) - zilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo zasolwandle. Ngezikhathi ezithile indawo izinwele basibekela ka ningi of them. Emagatsheni lezi zilwane elungisiwe emaphikweni. A ungqimba obukhulu amahwahwa imali ngaphansi kwesikhumba sabo. Emakhaleni zivulwa ngesikhathi ephefumula futhi umoya kuphela. Lapho izimbobo indlebe diving zivaliwe.

cetacea

Lezi ezincelisayo zasolwandle - imikhomo namahlengethwa - ayingxenye yalesi squad. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda isimo sabo izinhlanzi-like. Lezi ezincelisayo zasolwandle kukhona iningi labo abanayo izinwele emzimbeni - bayalondolozwa kuphela naseduzane komlomo. I emaphikweni bayaguquka forelimbs futhi indluzelekazi lingekho. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo kuyinto umsila kubaluleke kakhulu enamandla, okuyinto izophela fin caudal. Engalungile ukusho ukuthi ezincelisayo zasolwandle - izinhlanzi. Ziyizilwane, nakuba ngaphandle nibonakala ziyafana izinhlanzi. Abamele izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo - ezincelisayo ngobukhulu. Umkhomo oluhlaza ifinyelela ubude 30 amamitha.

artiodactyls

Kulesi iyunithi zihlanganisa izilwane naphakathi begodu ezinkulu omnivorous futhi herbivorous. Izinyawo zabo babe iminwe 2 noma 4, izinselo kakhulu embozwe. Ngokusho izici isakhi isisu ukudla ngezindlela bahlukene ku-non-ruminant futhi ruminant. Lesi sakamuva (izimvu, izimbuzi, izinyamazane) bezihlahla kuphela umhlathi ongezansi futhi molars abanzi ukuhlafuna ebusweni. Ngo-non-ruminant olulodwa-chamber esiswini, amazinyo akhe zihlukaniswe impande, canines kanye amazinyo.

solipeds

Siyaqhubeka ukuchaza amaqembu ezincelisayo. Solipeds - lawa izilwane, sasifana namahhashi, amadube, izimbongolo, tapir, obhejane. Ngezinyawo zabo iningi lazo ziye zasungula phezu umunwe, lapho kukhona izinselo okukhulu. Namuhla, the amahhashi zasendle ngasinda ihhashi Przewalski kuphela.

wezinkawu

Lona ezincelisayo athuthukile kakhulu kakhulu. Lamabutho kuhlanganisa prosimians nezinkawu. Banezinhliziyo nemilenze prehensile ngamadijithi amahlanu, isithupha okuphikisana abanye. Cishe zonke wezinkawu anomsila. Iningi lazo bahlala ezisondelene nazo kanye nabantu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Bona bahlala emahlathini, lapho ahlala ngamaqembu alingana nomkhaya encane noma ngensikazi okuthathwe emhlanjini.

Ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni - bonke lingachazwa e isikhathi eside kakhulu. Thina kuphela ukuchaza kafushane izilwane, echazwe amayunithi ekhona. Umndeni ezincelisayo zihlukene futhi eziningi, njengoba oyibonile nje. Ukujwayeleka nalo, sethemba ukuthi ibe lisizo.