I-Pantomime iyindlela ekhethekile yokuxhumana nezwe langaphandle

I-Pantomime iyihlobo lobuciko obukhethekile, indlela ekhethekile yokuxhumana nezwe elizungezile nabanye abantu. Ekuhumusheni kusukela ngolimi lwesiGreki lasendulo, leli gama lisho ukuthi "lowo obonisa konke." Ngakho-ke, i-pantomime yindlela yokusebenza yaseshashalazini, lapho incazelo enkulu yalokho okwenzekayo idluliselwa ngemisebenzi, hhayi amagama.

Umsuka wobuciko "bokuthula"

Kwakukhona ubuciko obunjalo ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kwakuyingxenye yemikhuba yamaqaba nobukhosi. Indawo yaseshashalazini yabonakala embusweni wamaRoma ngesikhathi sika-Augustus. Kamuva, ezikhathini ezivusa amadlingozi, isonto lavimbela ukuvinjelwa kwe-pantomime, kodwa lesi sigaba saqhubeka sibe khona kwezobuciko bezinhlanzi, izilinganiso, izinsimbi zamatshe kanye nezinhlanzi.

Ukuphila kwakhe kwalolu hlobo lobuciko kufinyeleleke ku-Renaissance kumdlalo we-comedy del arte, esimisweni sabalingisi be-Italy abajikelezayo . I-pantomime yokuqala iyi-melodrama ehlelekile (efuywayo), i-harlequin, ekhulwini lama-19 eyayiba uhlobo oluthandayo lwe-ballet yaseFrance.

Indawo yaseshashalazini yezikhathi zanamuhla

Njengoba i-ballet pantomime yaseshashalazini yabonakala kuqala ngo-1702 eDorry Lane Theater yaseLondon. Phakathi nekhulu le-18 lenziwa njengenhlangano ekuhlanganyeleni kwama-comedies kanye nezinhlekelele. Njengoba umdanso we-pantomime waba ingxenye ye-ballet-drama kaJ. J. Nover.

Njengoba izici ezihlukahlukene "eziyisimungulu" ezihlukahlukene zivela emahholo omculo naseshashalazini yama-miniatures aseYurophu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kamuva kwakukhona isikole se-pantomime eMarseilles, esasiholwa uL. Ruff. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umlingisi uvele esiteji seLondon yaseshashalazini, ekugcineni, eyothola udumo lomhlaba, umculi omuhle kakhulu wohlobo oluthile, i-Chaplin. EJalimane, lolu hlobo lobuciko lwaluhilela uMnu Reinhardt.

Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, i-pantomime engenamkhawulo ivela - uhlobo lendaba ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingekho, izinto ezicatshangelwayo. I-mime yezinsuku zethu kufanele ikwazi kahle umzimba wayo. Kumelwe kube jikelele: i-juggler, i-acrobat, umculi ovelele, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqondakala kahle ngolimi lwe-ballet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mime emihle kuqala futhi isazi sefilosofi, esakwazi ukubeka imizwa ethile, imicabango, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu ngosizo lwezandla kuphela.

Izinhlobo ze-pantomime

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zobuciko "bokuthula":

- ukudansa (okuvela emikhosini nemikhuba yabantu basendulo, izizwe zobuqaba, kusalokhu kugcinwa kubantu abaningi);

- izigaba zemvelo (imithombo ingabonakala emibonweni yemiphakathi yasendulo yamaGreki namaRoma, ihlanganisa ngokuvumelana amavesi, umculo nesenzo);

- I-Acrobatic (ihlanganisa ukugubha, ukuxuma, amaqhinga ahlukene, iqala umsuka wezemidlalo yasempumalanga, isetshenziselwa ngokuqinile esekisini);

- i-eccentric (esetshenziswe esekisini, enhliziyweni yanoma yikuphi isimo esibucayi, endaweni yesehlakalo ezibandakanya izisetshenziswa ezikhethekile).

I-pantomime yekhampasi nayo ibhekwa njengempi, i-zoopantomime, amanzi kanye ne-adventure extravaganza ngezigcawu ezinkulu nemiphumela ekhethekile. Uhlobo lokugcina luyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lamakhono.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu ubuciko: i-solo-pantomime - umsebenzi womculi oyedwa, ne-theater, ngokuhlanganyela kweqembu labalingisi, besebenzisa indawo ne-script.

Izinhlobo ze-pantomime

Kuhlobo lwayo lwe-pantomime - liyihlaya, inhlekelele noma idrama, inganekwane noma inganekwane, ipheshana noma indaba emfushane, i-pop miniature. Ngelinye igama, konke kuncike kuye. Ukuqhathaniswa kubonakala ngendlela ehlelekile, ehlekisayo. Ukungqubuzana noma umzabalazo wabalingiswa kunqunywe ngokuqondile. I-Chaplin ibhekwa njengengqikithi yama-comic-onke amaxesha onke. Esikhathini esibucayi isakhiwo siphelela enhlekeleleni. I-pantomime ebuhlungu ibonakala ngokungathí sina, ukuveza ukuphikisana, ukungqubuzana.

Izinganekwane nezinkolelo, njengomthetho, tshela ngabalingiswa abathile abaqanjiwe nabalingiswa, ngokuvamile bahlinzekwa ngamakhono angajwayelekile emilingo nasekuloleni. "Ukuthula" kungahle kube yikalithi yamapheshana, ukuveza ukuphika kwemigomo yokuphila ekhona, isakhiwo sezombusazwe sezwe, kungaba nemisebenzi yokuhleka usulu, isambulo. Endabeni yokusebenza kwe-novella, i-mime ikhuluma ngezenzo ngokuphathelene nesakhiwo esithile esiyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungase kube i-pantomime - umdlalo womdlali oyedwa, noma iqembu lonke elilingisa.

I-Pantomime eRussia

Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, amasiko ahlukahlukene, imikhosi, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye ne-clownery kwakuyimithombo "yobuciko" yobuciko eRussia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-pantomime ephawulekayo yabonakala emisebenzini yabenzi befilimu banamuhla: "I-Crooked Mirror" ka-N. Evreinov, "Amathuzi" kaK. Mardzhanov, "Ibhokisi lezingane," i-A. Meyerhold "Columbus Scarf".

Imithetho yasekuqaleni ye-pantomime endala yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yayiphindaphindiwe, ichitheka ngento entsha, ihambisana nokufunda izinkondlo, umculo kanye nokufundwa kwemibhalo. Phakathi ne-40s yekhulu lama-20, lolu hlobo lobuciko luyaqhubeka, ngoba okuyinhloko yizwi - okuqondakala kakhulu kubantu, hhayi okudingekayo ukuqagela. Ezinombolweni zesisisi, ukukhuluma ngama-clowns kufaka esikhundleni semidwebo yamahlaya. Kodwa nokho kuyi-pantomime ye-ballet ngempela ikhula. Kukhona ama-choreodramas namadrama, ngokususelwa kumikhredithi "eyisimungulu", hhayi umdanso omsulwa.