Amathuna aseChernobyl: udoti omsakazo wendawo yokukhishwa

I-Chernobyl, indawo yokuhlukanisa ... Lawa mazwi ayisikhumbuzo sengozi eyingozi eyenzeka e-Ukraine ngo-1986. Futhi izindawo zokungcwaba ezimayini endaweni engcolile akuyona into kuphela kodwa ukulahlwa okugcwele imishini esetshenziselwa ukukhipha ingozi esiteshini samandla enyukliya. Kunezindawo eziningana ezifanayo endaweni evinjiwe.

Umlando wengozi nemiphumela yayo

Umuzi waseChernobyl (Ukraine) ngawo-1970 waba yinto lapho kunqunywe khona ukwakha isitshalo samandla enyukliya esinezigaba ezine zamandla. Kubasebenzi baseChernobyl NPP nemindeni yabo, ngoFebhuwari 4, 1970, kwakhiwa isisekelo sePripyat. Lapha, ngosuku lengozi, ifu elimsakazo liwe kusukela ku-unit unit esebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela yenza le nsimu ingcoliswe kakhulu endaweni yokukhishwa.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlolwa kwe-turbogenerator e-unit unit yesine ngobusuku buka- Ephreli 26, 1986 ngo-01: 23, kwenzeka inhlekelele edumile emhlabeni wonke e-Chernobyl. Akuyona nje kuphela i-Pripyat, eChernobyl (Ukraine), kodwa futhi ingxenye yezindawo zokuhlala zaseBelarus zathola ukuqhuma okungahambi kahle. Amadolobha, amadolobhana kanye nemizana engxenyeni engamakhilomitha angu-30 yokuxoshwa asebebhekwa ngokuthi "bafile", okungukuthi, abantu abangahlali.

Isizinda semisakazo ezinsukwini zokuqala zengozi sasicishe silingane nokuqhuma kwesibhamu samandla enyukliya , okuyinto efihliwe nguhulumeni wase-USSR, hhayi nje kuphela kwabakhileyo edolobheni, kodwa nasezweni lonke. Namuhla akekho ohlala ku-Pripyat. Kodwa endaweni lapho kwenzeka khona ingozi, abantu abasakhonza isiteshi basasebenza. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yiChernobyl eyincithakalo. Umkhawulo wokuhlukanisa okwamanje nawo uhlala lapha naphakathi, kodwa kakade abantu abazimele-izinga lemisebe liyancipha njalo ngonyaka, ngakho-ke ezinye izindawo zingakulungela impilo.

Umhlabathi wokungcwatshwa kweChernobyl ngokuvamile uyindawo yokuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimoto, njengezimoto ze-Mi-26 no-Mi-8, izimoto zokuhamba, ukulungisa nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali, izimoto, izimboni, izithuthi zabasebenzi, izimbulensi », Abapaki kanye nezinye. Izindleko eziphelele zobuchwepheshe be-"radioactive" buyizigidi ezingama-46 zama-US ngokuhambisana namanani ka-1986 (1 dollar - 72.5 kopecks.).

Amathuna eChernobyl agcwaliswa nje kuphela ngezokuthutha ezithintekayo ekuqothulweni komlilo, kodwa nangezimoto zabakhamuzi basePpypyat. Ngendlela, amanye awo asetshenziswe ekuqaleni komlilo.

I-PZRO "i-Podlesny"

Indawo yokulahlwa kwemfucuza eyakhiwe ngamanzi emisebe yenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlukanisa imishini emikhulu yemisakazo evela emvelweni, eyayihilelekile ekuqedeni imiphumela yengozi e-fourth unit unit. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi, ngoDisemba 1986, yaqala ukusebenza. I-PZRO itholakala ku-1.5 km ukusuka esiteshini samandla, ensimini yepulazi lasePodlesny.

Indawo yamathuna yamiswa ayiphumelelanga, ngoba yikona selatonti ye-Pripyat, okuyikhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka emfuleni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ilungiselelo elinjalo liyingozi kulezo ziqukathi kanye neziqukathi zekhonkrithi ezinemfucuza zingalahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo ngesikhathi.

Ingozi Yemvelo

Okwamanje, zonke izakhiwo zokugcina, ezifana nePZRO "Podlesny", zihlolwe ngokucophelela. Kuze kube sekugcineni, imithombo ekhethekile idalwe, lapho ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okumanzi kuhlolwa khona.

Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi zamathuna zihamba kancane kancane. Iziqukathi ezinotshani zikhiqiza umthwalo omkhulu epulatifeni lesisekelo, futhi lokhu kubhekene nokubonakala kwemifantu. Ngonyaka odlule unjalo ithemba eliphakamisa amathuba okungena kwezinto ezinomsakazo emhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukwengeza, i-RWW isendaweni yesikhukhula, okungenzeka kube nezikhukhula ngesikhathi sokukhukhula kukaPripyat. Isimo esinjalo siyoba nomthelela omubi esimweni esijwayelekile sokusakazwa kwemvelo endaweni yokukhishwa.

BWR "Buryakivka"

Amathuna eChernobyl akuyona nje indawo engaphansi kwePodlesny. Kukhona iphuzu eliseduze eliseduze ne-"Buryakivka" elidalwe i-VNIPIET Institute, esekelwe emareferensi asebenza eSoviet Union. Lesi sakhiwo saqala ukusebenza ngoFebruwari 1987. Igcina ubuchwepheshe bokusakazwa kwe-radioactive yeqembu lokuqala.

Insimu esetshenziselwa indawo yokugcina ihlanganisa indawo engamamitha angu-1200 x 700. Kunezintambo ezingu-30 lapha. Lapha, zonke izidingo ezidingekile ukuvikela imvelo ekungcoleni kwama-radioactive sezivele zihlangene . Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi i-RWR itholakale ibanga elikhulu ngokwanele emanzini okuvula.

Kuze kube manje, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezivela ku-Pripyat naseChernobyl zithunyelwe ensimini yeBuryakovka, ngakho ngo-1996 kunqunywe ukwandisa indawo yokugcina. Lokhu kwavumela ukuletha lapha enye imitha eyizinkulungwane ezingu-120 zemfucuza omsakazo.

I-PZRO "isigaba sesithathu se-Chernobyl NPP"

Njengomthetho, amathuna aseChernobyl akhiwe ngqo eduze kwesitshalo samandla esonakalisiwe, esenza izimo zokuhamba ngokushesha kwemishini engcolile kanye ne-debris yesine yesine. Ngakho-ke, i-PZRO "isigaba sesithathu se-Chernobyl NPP" isendaweni yezimboni zesiteshi ngokwazo.

Ukuqala kokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina yawela ngo-1986. Le nto ingxenye yamakamelo okukhonkolo, okuhlangene nawo ahlukaniswe ngamaseli. Phezulu kwesigaba zihlanganiswe ngendwangu yokukhonkolo, inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe nobumba. Ngaphandle, isitolo sizungezwe ngocingo olubanjwe. Kusukela ngoDisemba 1988, i-RZRO yindawo egcinwe ngamaphoyisa.

Iphuzu lokungcwatshwa kwemfucuza e-radioactive "3rd turning", njengoba, ngempela, yonke indawo yaseChernobyl yokungcwaba, kuyingozi enkulu emvelweni. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, abaphilayo bezemvelo bayelulekwa ukuba bayeke ngokuphelele umsebenzi wezitshalo zamandla enyukliya eChernobyl. Kulesi simo, i-echibi-epholile izosungulwa eceleni komdwebo ogwini. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba khona ukwehla kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuze kube sezingeni elingamamitha amane. Lezi zenzo zizonciphisa kakhulu inani lama radionuclides emhlabeni.

Rassokha njengenye indawo yokungcwaba

Ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo, abantu bakuleli dolobha lase-Ukraine babengabantu abangu-416 emakhaya angu-188. Okwamanje kule ndawo yangaphambili kunezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ezingamakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu zemishini - kusukela ezindizeni zamabhasi kuya emabhasi, eziningi zazo ezalahlwa ngo-2013.

Phakathi nokuqedwa kwemiphumela yengozi, eduze noRassokha, bekukhona iphuzu lokucubungula imishini eyonakele ngemisebe. Ngenxa yalokho, yonke imishini kanye namarobhothi kungenzeka angcwatshwe noma ashiywe ebusweni bomhlaba.