Isiqhingi saseTuzla: ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Ukraine neRussia

Isiqhingi saseTuzla asinkulu: cishe amakhilomitha ayisithupha ubude, futhi angaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu angamakhulu ububanzi, isihluku esinesihlabathi esivela phakathi kwenhlonipho yaseTaman neCrimea. Ngokwalo, lesi sici se-sushi senani elikhethekile alimeleli, indawo yayo kuphela kumephu yezwe ibalulekile. Ngo-2003, lesi sizwe saziwa emhlabeni jikelele. IPhalamende lase-Ukraine lalibilayo, iphhini elilodwa lihlongozwa ukunikeza "i-pawn yeTuzla", elinye lafaka i-neologism "ukuba yi-tuzl". Kukhona amanye ama-playfulnesses e-phonetic-linguistic, angenasiphansi kwaphezulu ngenhlonipho. Ozombusazwe baseRussia babengekho ngaphansi kohlobo lwabo base-Ukraine besifiso sabo sokubonisa ubundlobongela obunesibindi nokulwela.

Isiqhingi sinesimo sezulu esijwayelekile ...

Endaweni engamakhilomitha ayisithupha nesikwele sendawo, ngokuyinhloko, ingafanelana nedolobha elincane. Kungenzeka ukuthi le nsimu yayihlala amaJapane, isibonelo, noma abamele abanye abantu abazisa umhlaba ngenhla induduzo yomuntu. E-Ukraine, leli zwe likhulu kakhulu, lesi siqephu se-peninsula, esitholwe ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, sasifanekisela lokho. Kungacishe kube lula ukuhlala lapha: uma kunesivunguvungu, ingxenye yendawo igcinwe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwandle lubhekene nenkinga: empikiswaneni esandulele, iminyaka emihlanu, ikhilomitha eyodwa yendawo yomhlaba igezwa ngamagagasi. Umsebenzi wokuqinisa wahamba kancane, wawunqunyelwe ekufakweni kwe- slabs eqinisekisiwe. Phakathi nezinkathi zeziphepho zonyaka, insimu yayihlukanisiwe ngempela "ezweni elikhulu", kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele izakhamuzi ukuthi zilungele ukulahlekelwa, ezazihlala esiqhingini saseTuzla. Isikhungo sokuzilibazisa "AmaLwandle amabili" echwebeni leK Kerch nenye, ifoni, i- "Albatross", indawo yokudoba kanye nomngcele ongena emngceleni ohlangene ngokuthula endaweni encane. Kwakukhona ngisho nesitolo esasebenza, kodwa kuphela ezinyangeni ezifudumele.

Ukuqala kwengxabano

Akukho ukubuka kuqala akufanekisanga ukuphikisana phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili. Lokhu akuyona ingxenye ebalulekile yensimu ... I-Russia iye yazibuyisana nokulahlekelwa kweCrimea, hhayi ukukhuluma into enjalo engabalulekanga nendawo encane njengesiqhingi saseTuzla. Le mpikiswano yavela ezinyangeni zase-autumn ka-2003, ngemuva kokuthi abalindi bamaphethelo base-Ukraine babone amabhayisikili futhi kamuva bebona ukuthi isakhiwo esithile sezobunjiniyela esasondelene nabo sisondela kubo eceleni , futhi ngokushesha, ngamamitha ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu ngosuku. Indlela yokusabela kulokho okwenzekayo, amasosha ayengazi, futhi abike ukubonwa kwabo kubaphathi babo. Lokho, naye watshelwa eKiev. Ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zokuxhumana, uhulumeni wase-Ukraine wafuna izincazelo ezivela ohlangothini lwaseRussia futhi wazithola. Isakhiwo esakhiwe sabizwa ngokuthi idamu, lakhiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo semvelo endaweni yamanzi e-Azov Sea. Nokho, le ncazelo ayinelisekile ngobuholi base-Ukraine, yabona ezenzakalweni zama-hydro-builders aseRussia ukuqhuma okukhulu esiqhingini saseTuzla. Futhi ngenxa yokucabanga okunjalo kwakukhona izizathu.

Ingemuva

Isimo sengqondo esibuhlungu ngokuphathelene nobuqotho bomhlaba kwakuwuphawu lwazo zonke iziphathimandla, kuqale noKravchuk, owayephethe amahhovisi e-Bankova Street eKiev. Ukuphikisana kokubambisana kweCrimean Autonomy kuya e-SSR yase-Ukraine ngempela kwakuyi "ikhadi lamacilongo" labangosopolitiki eRussia, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwangaphambi kokukhethwa, kanti izisebenzi ezihlangene zabasebenzi base-Ukraine abemi endaweni yesikhulumi sezwe ezithinta izwe babenendima efanayo. Ngokuqondakalayo, ogwini lwaseTaman kanye nesiqhingi saseTuzla kuze kufike ngo-1925 babe munye, kuze kube yilapho inhlansi yolwandle ingena ingxenye yesakhiwo esincane. Ngokomthetho, izingxabano ezithandana nezwe le-Ukraine lale ndawo aziphelelanga, kodwa kusukela ngo-1991 kusukela ngo-1991 ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungaqondakali kwahunyushwa ngokuthi "abafowethu abasebasha". Esikhathini se-Yeltsin, ngisho nedolobha lombuso wezinyunyana u-Sevastopol, owawufakiwe ngokusemthethweni esifundazweni sase-Crimea Autonomous, wadluliselwa e-Ukraine, nakuba iRussia yayo ingavikeleka ezinkantolo zamakhomishana emhlabeni wonke.

Isimo sezomnotho sezingxabano

Impikiswano ephakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine phezu kwesiqhingi saseTuzla yayinezizathu ezingokoqobo ze-utilitarian - okungenani ezimbili.

Okokuqala, izwe elikulo, empeleni futhi lilawula ngokusemthethweni ukudluliswa nge-Kerch Strait, okusho ukuthola irandi elingamamiliyoni ama-US ngonyaka ngonyaka wesabelomali.

Okwesibili, isiqhingi saseTuzla, ngokuvumelana nazo zonke izinkambiso zomthetho zamazwe omhlaba, sichaza umkhawulo womngcele wamanzi. Ngesimo esivele sikhona, iningi lemithombo yezinhlanzi zeLwandle Lwase-Azov lawela endaweni yezomnotho we- Ukraine.

Ngakho-ke, isiqhingi saseTuzla esivela engasenalutho eminyakeni yobuSoviet, isikebhe sesihlabathi sasishintsha saba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Izenzo ezinokwenzeka

Usizo lwangaphansi kwamanzi olwandle oluseduze neTuzla futhi oluhlanganisa iKerch Strait, ngomqondo othile, lwavusa ukungqubuzana. Iqiniso liwukuthi izindawo ezijulile kakhulu namanzi nezinhlanzi ziye zathuthela e-Ukraine, kuyilapho i-Russian Federation inamanzi angajulile. Eqinisweni, amaRussia angaxazulula kalula le nkinga ngenye indlela, ngokumane ejulise isigaba sabo ngezansi. Umngcele wamanzi asemhlabeni ngeke uphulwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa kuzoba khona enye inkinga ngokuqondene nokuba khona kwalezi zimpahla zezinhlanzi. Ukudoba kuphumelela kakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga, emanzini ajulile we-strait. Kodwa inhlanzi ikhula emanzini aseRussia. Uma izimo zalokhu zingabi khona, ke, njengoba zisho e-Odessa, "akukho lutho lokubamba" (kuphela ngomqondo oqondile kakhulu). Futhi amapulazi enhlanzi ayekhona ikakhulu eCrimea, ngaleso sikhathi e-Ukraine. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlangothi lwaseRussia aluhambanga isinyathelo esinjalo esiyingozi emvelweni.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuxabana nokuxabana

Yiqiniso, ukuhola noma yikuphi ukulwa, futhi Yebo, akunakwenzeka. Ukuze kuhlaselwe ukuhlaselwa ngamakholomu asetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwamanzi aseRashiya angase ahlose ukwenza isenzo esicacile sokuhlukunyezwa, ukwakhiwa kwedamu kwakuqhubeka emanzini aseduze. Kulokhu, izinyathelo zokuphendula zaseRussia, cishe, ziyoba nzima kakhulu. Enye into - inkulumo. Kusuka kuzikrini ze-TV, amakhasi wephephandaba kanye neminye imithombo yase-Ukraine, izingcingo zokuma "njengenye" futhi zivikele isiqhingi saseTuzla. Le mpikiswano yawela ngendlela futhi yaxoshwa yizombangazwe zaseRussia ngokuhlukumezeka okukhulu, ebanxusa ukuba "bafundise" futhi "bajezise".

Ukubaluleka kweTuzla Namuhla

I-Russia yavuma ukuvuma ngo-2003 futhi yaqaphela amalungelo e-Ukraine esiqhingini saseTuzla. Isiteshi se-hydroelectric sagcwaliswa ngamamitha ayikhulu ukusuka emngceleni wamanzi angaphandle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, leli damu namuhla liyafeza ngempumelelo umsebenzi walo wezinto eziphilayo, okuwukuthi, kuvimbela ukuguguleka kogwini lwaseRussia nokunye okungajulile endaweni eseduze nomanzi. Mayelana naye namuhla, ngokumelene nengemuva kwezenzakalo zeCrimea ne-East Ukraine zakamuva, ungakhumbuli ngisho. Njengoba bethi, uma kuqhathaniswa nekhanda elilahlekile izinwele ezithintekile azidlali indima. Kodwa umsebenzi wokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-peninsula, owawuxoshwa e-Ukraine futhi waxhunyaniswa neRussia, ukukhulumisana kwezwe jikelele kwaba okuphuthumayo. Iphuzu elincinci kunazo zonke emgodini wamanzi olwandle yiCherch Strait, ephakathi nendawo esiqhingini saseTuzla. Ibhuloho elixhuma amabhange amabili cishe lizodlula lapha.

Izimbono zalesi siqhingi

Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuzoba amabhuloho amabili, okungenani, le phrojekthi ibhekwa njengendlela enhle kunazo zonke, kunikezwe ukulayisha kokubuka kwe-overpass. Ngaphezu komsebenzi womgwaqo, kuhlongozwa futhi ukuba uhlele isitimela. Isikhathi esiseduze sokwakhiwa yiminyaka emine. Umzila udlula nge-spit kanye nedamu enezigaba ezimbili (1400 no-6100 amamitha). Umzila womzila wesitimela kufanele ube nombane. Ngakho-ke, isiqhingi saseTuzla siphinde sithole ukubaluleka kokubaluleka. Ibhuloho izoxhuma i-Krasnodar Territory nesifunda saseCrimea futhi ihlinzeke ngokuzimela esimeni sezombusazwe amathuba okuxhumana kwezwe kanye nenhlonipho.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esizayo se-grandiose kuqhubeka, ikakhulukazi izivakashi ziza lapha. Kuhle kakhulu, amanzi ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile, kepha ukugeza, kwezinye izindawo kuyingozi ngenxa yamanzi anamandla. Umbuzo wokuthi ungayithola kanjani esiqhingini saseTuzla, uxazululwa kalula: kusuka kuKherch lapha uya emkhunjini omncane.