Izwe lase-Lebanon: umlando nesimanje

I-Middle East iyincenye eyithakazelisayo, yokuqala yeplanethi. Imizi endala, isiko eliyingqayizivele - konke lokhu yiMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izwe laseLebhanon (Lebanon) lingenye yezindawo ezimangalisa kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izikhumbuzo zomlando nezamasiko zigxilwe lapha, izwe lasendulo kanye nesimanjemanje lihlangana, nansi indawo yokuvuma okuningi emhlabeni.

Indawo yendawo

ILebanon eNtshonalanga iyaziwa ngokuthi iLebanon. Leli lizwe elisogwini olusempumalanga yeLwandle iMedithera endaweni enentaba. Umngcele osenyakatho nasempumalanga wezwe ukhuluma ngemingcele yaseSiriya, imingcele engeningizimu yakwa-Israyeli. Inhloko-dolobha yeRiphablikhi yiBeirut. ILebhanoni yindawo encane enezigidi ezine, ama-95% awo angamaLebanese asendabuko. Abantu abangu-87% bahlala emadolobheni, amakhulu kunawo wonke yiBeirut, i-Tripoli, iSaida.

Isimo sezulu kuleso sigaba seMpumalanga Ephakathi, lapho iLebanon sitholakala khona, yiMedithera yaseMediterranean. Eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu unyaka wonke kuneqhwa. Lokhu kudonsela abavakashi abazimisele kakhulu ezemidlalo ye-alpine.

Umlando waseLebanon

Engxenyeni yeSouth-West Asia, impucuko iye yahlakulela izinkulungwane zeminyaka. ILebhanoni lizwe elisendaweni yeFenike yasendulo neyenamandla. Ngokusho kososayensi baseMelika, emadolobheni ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ishumi nantathu siseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lolu hlu luhlanganisa imizi emine yaseLebanon: Byblos, Beirut, eTire, eSidon. Amaqiniso anjalo asenza sicaphele ukuthi izwe laseLebanon linomlando oyingqayizivele futhi ligcina isiko elihlukile.

Byblos

Abavubukuli baqala ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala emzini waseLebanese waseJubail wekhulu lesi-7 BC. I-Byblos yidolobha elisendulo kunazo zonke ezakhiwe emhlabeni. Leli gama lanikezwa amaGreki asendulo, ayephethe amapyrus (beblos) avela kuwo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo idolobha libhekwa njengendlela yokuthutha endleleni eya e-Afrika eya eYurophu. Ukuba nesimo sezwe esibalulekile, i-Byblos yayingaphansi kokubusa kweBabiloni, neGibhithe, nePheresiya, neByzantium. Yingakho ukubukeka komuzi kunjalo kakhulu. Imidlalo yamahhashi yaseRoma yokuqala yekhulu lesi-3 AD isilondolozwe, esisezindaweni ezithokozisayo ngasogwini lolwandle. Eduze kwendawo yaseshashalazini bathola amathuna asendulo amakhosi aseFenike. Umbhalo oqoshiwe we-sarcophagus kaHiramu - inkosi owabusa ngekhulu le-12 BC - wenziwa ngamahlamvu angaphambili aseFenike. Kunezindawo e-Byblos ezishiwo ezincwadini zasendulo naseBhayibhelini. Ngakho-ke, emthonjeni weTsar, ngokusho komlando, izinyembezi zeNdlovukazi u-Isis zazibuthene, zilila umyeni wakhe u-Osiris. Emakhulwini amabili e-12-13, ngesikhathi samaKhrisathi, ukwakhiwa kweSonto LaseSt. John kwaqhubeka, okwakulondoloza ubuciko bayo kuze kube manje.

Sidoni

Izwe laseLebhanon liba nenhliziyo yentuthuko yaseFenike - idolobha laseSainu, elaziwa ngaphambili ngokuthi iSidon. EBhayibhelini, izakhamuzi zaseFenike zibizwa ngokuthi iSidoni. Umuzi onomlando wasendulo necebile wamelana namakhulu amaningi eminyaka edolobheni laseThire (igama lesimanje iSur) ukuze kube nomncintiswano ePhenicia. I-Sidon idume ngezingilazi zayo ezibubende nezingavamile. Engxenyeni yomuzi kwakugcinwe izikhumbuzo zezikhathi zokuchuma kweFenike, ukubusa kwamaGreki, amaCreus and Turks.

Amasiko aseLebanon

Umlando weminyaka eyizinkulungwane wezwe laseLebhanoni awukwazanga kodwa ukwenze isimo somfanekiso wamanje wezwe. Njengasezweni eliphakathi kweMpumalanga Ephakathi, iningi labantu elikhona lingamaSulumane. ELebanon, iphesenti lamaqembu angamaKristu ehlukene amasonto amakhulu. Njengoba lizwe elinamasiko amaningi, iLebhanoni liyaziwa ngamasiko alo amasiko aminyaka eminyaka ahlukile. Njalo ngonyaka, abavakashi bakhangwa yimikhosi eminingi, ebanjwe eBeirut naseBalbek. Umculo weLebhanoni uyakwazisa ngokukhethekile, kodwa ukushintshana okuhle kwamazwi nesimo. Ubuciko baseFenike bokudweba izinkuni nokudala umama-we-pearl kusekhona. Izwe laseLebhanon lidumile ngokudla kwalo lonke, kuhlanganise izitsha zaseMedithera naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Isikhungo sokukhanga

I-Lebanoni yamukela izivakashi emhlabeni jikelele. Lapha wonke umuntu angazithola izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Abathandi bomlando, ukuvubukulwa kwemvelo kanye nokwakhiwa kwemvelo bangavakashela iminyuziyamu yaseBeirut, iTire, Byblos, Tripoli kanye nezindawo zomlando zalezi zindawo. Labo abafisa ukuphumula nokuphumula bayothanda amabhishi amaningi ogwini lwaseMedithera. Ugu lolwandle luhlukaniswe libe yisanti ne-basalt elinamahlumela abukhali olwandle. Kubakhenkethi abakhetha ukuzijabulisa okusebenzayo, iLebhanoni linganikeza ukuhamba ngezinyawo eMedithera. Izingosi zeDebanon, lapho ungabona izakhiwo zoMbuso WaseRoma, zisebenza unyaka wonke. Imisedari, i-Faraya, iLakluk yizindawo ezihamba phambili zezindiza zezwe laseLebanon. Iliphi izwe alihlangabezane nezivakashi nge-cuisine kazwelonke? I-Lebanese cuisine inezitsha zombili izitshalo kanye nabathandi bezinyama. Ama-Pilgriya abuye ahlelwe eLebhanoni. Okuvakashelwa kakhulu yi-nunnery yoMama kaNkulunkulu (Deir Sadeet el Nuria), ehambisana nokukhululwa okuningi okuyisimangaliso nokuphulukisa. Abavakashi abajabulela kakhulu ubuhle bemvelo bayomangala ngamagquma kaJarita, umsedari waseBishara.