Ukuvikelwa Air ngokumelene ukungcola eRussia futhi emhlabeni

Ukuvikelwa Air ngokumelene ukungcola osukwini lwethu isibe omunye eziseqhulwini emphakathini. Phela, uma ngaphandle kwamanzi umuntu angaphila izinsuku ambalwa ngaphandle kokudla - emasontweni ambalwa, awukwazi ukwenza, futhi emizuzwini embalwa ngaphandle emoyeni. Ngemva ukuphefumula - kuyinchubo lechubekako.

Siphila ezansi owesihlanu, emoyeni, ocean amaplanethi, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umkhathi. Uma bekungelona, ukuphila Emhlabeni ngeke zibe.

emoyeni Ukwakheka

Ukwakheka emoyeni njalo kusukela esikhathini ukubukeka isintu. Siyazi ukuthi ngu-78% of the air - kuba nitrogen, umoya-mpilo-21% zaba. Okuqukethwe argon emoyeni ne-carbon dioxide ndawonye imayelana 1%. Bonke abanye amagesi e isamba kusinika onethonya elincane 0,0004%.

Lokho kuyasebenza kwezinye amagesi? Ziningi: i-methane, ne-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide, nesibabule oxides, helium, hydrogen sulfide ne nabanye. Nakuba izinombolo zabo emoyeni ayishintshi, kulungile. Kodwa nge ukwanda lokuhlushwa phi of them kwenzeka komoya. Futhi lezi amagesi basuke ngokoqobo ushevu ezimpilweni zethu.

Uma abantu zifuna ukulondoloza impilo yabo, ukuvikelwa umoya ukungcola kubalulekile.

Imiphumela izinguquko ukubunjwa emoyeni

Ukunukubezeka komoya kuyingozi iqiniso lokuthi abantu kukhona ezihlukahlukene komzimba nezinto. Ngokusho odokotela, njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile uvame kubangelwa yokuthi amasosha omzimba womuntu awukwazi ukubona amakhemikhali zokwenziwa wadala hhayi ngokwemvelo kodwa ngumuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa umoya ohlanzekile udlala indima ebalulekile nokuvinjelwa kwezifo nomzimba abantu.

Njalo ngonyaka kuba omningi entsha ikhemikhali. Bona ukushintsha umkhathi emizini emikhulu, lapho ngenxa inani elikhulayo abantu baphathwa izifo zokuphefumula. Akumangazi ukuthi phezu izikhungo yezimboni cishe njalo uhlanganyela ifu ezinobuthi of ngentuthu.

Ngisho embozwe iqhwa futhi akusho Antarctica owakhiwe ayizange wahlala ukude inqubo yokungcola. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba umoya - mobile kunazo zonke zamatshe Earth. A ukunyakaza emoyeni ngeke siyeke noma imingcele phakathi uthi noma izintaba noma izilwandle.

imithombo yokungcola

Thermal izitshalo amandla, Metallurgical nezitshalo chemical kukhona eziyinhloko ezingcolisa umoya. Intuthu evela amabhizinisi amapayipi enjalo lenzelwa olude umoya, okuholela ukusabalala ezingcolisayo at amashumi ukusuka emthonjeni.

Emadolobheni amakhulu zinezikhathi isiminyaminya, lapho izinkulungwane idling nezimoto izinjini egijima. Exhaust amagesi aqukethe i-carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, amandla omlilo akuphelele amafutha kanye particulate ndaba. Ngamunye wabo ngendlela yalo kuyingozi empilweni.

I-carbon monoxide esiphazamisayo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni, kubangela okubi kakhulu kwenhliziyo semithambo izifo. I izinhlayiya okuqinile ukungena emaphashini futhi zibekwe kuwo, abe imbangela isifuba somoya, izifo nomzimba. Hydrocarbon-nitrogen monoxide iwumthombo Ukuwohloka ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi abangele ngentuthu photochemical emadolobheni.

Ingabe elikhulu nelesabekayo

Isignali lokuqala okungathí sina okudinga ukuvikelwa komoya, isibe "ngentuthu enkulu" ngo-1952 e-London. Ngenxa yalokho, engalulami kwedolobha yenkungu sulphur dioxide imiswe phakathi neminyaka omlilo amalahle fireplaces, izitshalo amandla ezishisayo kanye izitshalo kubhayela, inhloko-dolobha ye-United Kingdom izinsuku ezintathu kokuziklinya kusukela yokushodelwa umoya.

izisulu Smog babe abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 4, futhi esinye izinkulungwane 100 exacerbation izifo izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo. Futhi okokuqala ngobuningi baqala ukukhuluma yini edingekayo ukuze Ukuvikelwa emoyeni emzini.

Umphumela waba ukutholwa ngo 1956 yomthetho "Clean Air", yavimbela esithandweni yamalahle. Kusukela emazweni amaningi, ukuvikelwa umoya ukungcola livikeleke umthetho.

umthetho Russian ukuvikelwa emoyeni

ERussia, isenzo main lomthetho kulo mkhakha kuyinto zoMthetho Federal "emoyeni Ukuvikelwa".

Zibeka namazinga izinga lomoya (ezihlanzekile futhi sanitary) namazinga ekushayweni. Umthetho kudinga ukubhaliswa isimo izinto udoti futhi iyingozi futhi isidingo imvume ekhethekile ukuze kwekhabhoni yabo. Ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa fuel engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma uphethiloli e izitifiketi zokuphepha ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Uma lobulukhuni nobungozi kumuntu nemvelo ayifakiwe, ukukhululwa izinto ezifana emkhathini akuvunyelwe. Imisebenzi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho ukuthi akudingeki izinhlelo ukuze bahlanze qeda amagesi nokulawula izinhlelo. Izimoto okweqa lokuhlushwa imithi enobungozi e amagesi kungenzeka ingasetshenziswa.

On Air Protection Act usungula imisebenzi izakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi. Ukuze ekushayweni izinto eziyingozi emkhathini okweqa kwezinkambiso ekhona, zingabantu ngokomthetho futhi enomthwalo wezimali. Kulokhu, ukukhokhwa inhlawulo akusho zivimbele kusukela isibopho ukusungula uhlelo imfucuza igesi nokuhlanzwa.

Kakhulu "ezingcolile" idolobha eRussia

Imicimbi Ukuvikelwa emoyeni kubalulekile ikakhulukazi kulabo imizana Russia babehamba phambili ohlwini ngokufa amadolobha nemibandela olunzima kwemvelo, kuhlanganise ukungcola komoya. It Azov, Achinsk, Barnaul, Beloyarsk, Blagoveshchensk, eBratsk, e Volgograd, Volzhsky, Dzerzhinsk, Ekaterinburg, Winter, e-Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Kyzyl, Lesosibirsk, Magnitogorsk, Minusinsk, eMoscow, Chelny, Neryungri, Nizhnekamsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk , Novocherkassk, Norilsk, Rostov-on-Don, Selenginsk, Solikamsk, laseStavropol, Sterlitamak, Tver, Ussuriysk, Chernogorsk Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Vikela emzini ukungcoliswa komoya

Air Guard emzini kumele iqale ngokuthi nokuqedwa isiminyaminya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi rush amahora. Ngakho-ke bakhela interchanges ukugwema emi amarobhothi, owethulwa isiqondisi i-WinSock emigwaqweni okufanayo, kanye nabanye. Ukuze zinciphise isibalo izimoto eyakhelwe dlula umzila esidlule kuwo lawo madolobha. Emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu, kukhona izinsuku ukuthula lapho ezifundeni emaphakathi avunyelwe ukuhamba kuphela izithuthi zomphakathi bese imoto oyimfihlo kungcono ishiyelwe egalaji.

Emazweni European ezifana Holland, iDenmark, iLithuania, ukubuka okungcono yezakhamuzi zendawo ukholelwa ukuthi ibhayisikili ezokuthutha ezisemadolobheni. Kuyinto ukonga, aludingi fuel, ongawungcolisi emoyeni. Futhi akesabi isiminyaminya. Futhi bazuze izifundo ngebhayisikili kunikeza plus ezengeziwe.

Kodwa izinga lomoya ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ezokuthutha. amabhizinisi Industrial anemisila emoyeni uhlanzekile izinhlelo njalo nokuba ukuqapha ukungcola. Smokestacks ozama ukwenza ayanda intuthu kwashabalala hhayi edolobheni, wathwalwa nangale. Lokhu akusho ukuxazulula yonke inkinga, kodwa ukunciphisa okuhlushwa imithi enobungozi emkhathini. Ngenhloso esifanayo, akuvunyelwe ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi amasha "ezingcolile" emadolobheni amakhulu.

Lokhu kungenziwa kubhekwe okuthuthukisa. Futhi lokhu ngesilinganiso - ukwethulwa non-imfucuza ubuchwepheshe, lapho kungekho indawo isizukulwane imfucuza.

ukulawula umlilo

Abantu abaningi khumbula ehlobo lika-2010, lapho imizi eminingi emaphakathi neRussia ithunjiwe ngentuthu unganqotshwa Peat. Izakhamuzi ezinye nemizana kwadingeka asuswe ezindaweni zawo, hhayi kuphela ngenxa ingozi umlilo, kodwa futhi ngenxa indawo intuthu eqinile. Ngakho-ke, zokuvikela umoya kuzomele sifake lokuvikela ukulawula ihlathi kanye Peat imililo, kokubili ezingcolisayo zemvelo ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba

Ukuvikelwa emoyeni ukungcola - akusiyo kuphela Russia noma elinye izwe elilodwa. Ngempela, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ukunyakaza emoyeni ayiboni imingcele isimo. Ngakho-ke, umane ibalulekile sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba.

I umxhumanisi oyinhloko imisebenzi emazweni ahlukahlukene ngenqubomgomo kwemvelo yeNhlangano yeZizwe. I-UN General Assembly ichaza izinkomba eyinhloko mgomo yokunakekelwa kwemvelo, izimiso of ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe e uhlobo. Ngoba kunesithembiso inkomfa yomhlaba wonke eyayidingida izinkinga acute kwemvelo, ituse abathile ukuvikelwa imvelo, okubandakanya izindlela ukuze kuvikeleke emoyeni. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana emazweni amaningi emhlabeni ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo.

Ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene usuqalise ngemvume isivumelwano kubasekeli ukuvikelwa emoyeni, Ukuvikelwa ungqimba lwe-ozone namanye amadokhumenti amaningi ku kwemvelo inhlalakahle emhlabeni. Okwamanje, wonke umuntu uyazi - Earth babe muntu nhlobo, futhi umkhathi futhi eyodwa.