Ipaki kazwelonke "Nechkinsky": incazelo, izici, amaqiniso athakazelisayo, imfuyo nezinyamazane

I-National Park "Nechkinsky" iyindawo ephathelene nokusingqongileyo, ezemvelo kanye nezemfundo kanye nocwaningo. Engxenyeni yayo akuyona nje yemvelo, kodwa futhi nezinto zezomlando nezamasiko ze-Middle Kama. Banobuciko obukhethekile, izinto eziphilayo nezokungcebeleka, futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuvakasha okulawulwayo.

Umlando wepaki

Indlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela nokugcina izakhiwo zemvelo ukuhlela amapaki kazwelonke wephrofayli yomsebenzi we-multifunctional. Ngo-1995, uhulumeni wase-Udmurt Republic waphetha ngesidingo sokwakha ipaki "Nechkinsky".

Njengamanje, ensimini yayo, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongaba nomthelela omubi ezintweni zesilwane nokuphila kwezitshalo akuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa, kuhlanganise namapayipi nemigwaqo emikhulu, ayamukeleki.

Ipaki kazwelonke "Nechkinsky" e-Izhevsk ibeka yona imigomo elandelayo:

1. Ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, kanye nezinto zezilwane nezitshalo.
2. Ukugcinwa kwezikhumbuzo zomlando nezinhloso zamagugu amasiko.
3. Umsebenzi wezemfundo wezemvelo.
4. Ukwakhiwa kwezimo ezifanele zokuvakasha okulawulwayo, kanye nokuzilibazisa kwabantu, ukujwayela kanye namagugu omlando namasiko.
5. Isingeniso kwezindlela zemvelo ezintsha kakhulu.
6. Ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezidabukisayo zomlando, zamasiko nezendalo.
7. Ukuvikelwa, ukuvikelwa nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo nezilwane.
8. Ukuqaliswa kokuqapha kwemvelo.

Indima yemvelo

Njengamanje, ipaki kazwelonke "Nechkinsky" (eRussia) enkundleni enkulu yemvelo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo e-Udmurtia ingenye yezinqolobane eziyigugu zezilwane zasendle. Lapha kugcinwe iziqephu ezihlukahlukene zehlathi lezikhukhula, i-marsh, i-lake, imvelo yemifula, umhlaba wezilwane zasendle, ongathintwa yindoda, izinto zamasiko nezomlando. Abasebenzi bepaki babhekene nomsebenzi onzima hhayi nje kuphela ukulondoloza ingcebo ekhona, kodwa futhi nokwandisa, ngoba izingqikithi ezingaba ngu-70% zezitshalo nezilwane ze-Udmurt Republic lonke zigxile ensimini.

Indawo yendawo yendawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo

I-National Park "Nechkinsky" itholakala emabhishi eVotkinsky Reservoir emkhatsini wezeMfula u-Kama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo zamabhange asekhohlo nabakwesokudla zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Amazwe asebhange elingakwesobunxele amelelwa ngamathambo namanzi wezikhukhula. Isifunda sase-Kama akusona lutho kodwa isigodi esinemilambo emincane, imifula nemifula.

Uma nge-tributary ye-Siva yiyona imifula emikhulu yendawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo.

I-National Park "Nechkinsky" itholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu sezulu sezulukazi. Ngoba izindawo zibhekene nobusika obubandayo obubandayo futhi ehlobo olufudumele, yisikhathi esifushane kakhulu. NgoJulayi inyanga efudumele kakhulu, phakathi nalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa lokulinganisa liyi-degrees ayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa isikhathi esibandayo kunazo zonke ngoJanuwari, izinga lokushisa elivamile li--15 degrees.

I-Flora

I-National Park "I-Nechkinsky" inemifino enesimo esivuthayo, ebonakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu. Lapha kutholakala izinhlobo ezingu-745 zezitshalo zamasundumende, okungu-82 eziphilayo ezingavamile, kanti ezine zihlelwe ku-Red Book. Kukhona nezitshalo eziyingqayizivele ezazitholakala ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, zikhula endaweni evikelekile kuphela: izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, i-caulifulawa enemilenze emhlophe, umkhanyo wensimu.

Ipaki ibuswa amahlathi ase-spruce. Amahlumela ahlanzekile ase-spruce amelwa yi-spruce ne-spruce yaseSiberia. Zitholakala kule nsimu ngechungechunge. Njengomthetho, izihlahla ze-spruce zimelelwa yi- fir yaseSiberia, i- pine, i-birch, i-linden. Izihlahla zemifula zitholakala emigodini kanye nezinye izindawo zokulala eziphansi, kanye nasezintabeni zezikhukhula ze-Kama.

Engxenyeni yendawo yokuvikela imvelo, izinhlobo ezingu-24 zezitshalo ze-fern, ama-gymnosperms angu-6, nama-angiosperms angu-678 alotshiwe.

Ipaki "Nechkinsky" itholakala ekuhlanganiseni kwezindawo ezintathu zezulu: amahlathi-amahlathi, ama-taiga namahlathi amakhulu.

Amahlathi Emasimini ePaki

Amahlathi e-Pine ahlukene kakhulu ekubunjweni. Izihlahla ze-pinini zincane kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhula. Baseningizimu yensimu. Emahlathini e-pagle amahlathi kukhona i-hazel, i-maple ne-oki. Kodwa i-cowberry (ipayipi) ikhethe izindawo eziphakeme. Ngokuvamile lapha kukhona amahlathi e-pine nama-cranberry bilberries.

Ngezizathu zepaki kunezindawo eziningana lapho i-fir ibusa khona. Emhlabathini ocebile ukhula i-black alder. Emahlathini amancane avulekile, i-oki iqukethe. Ama-Willow amaxhaphozi abhekene ne-floodplain ka-Kama.

Endaweni yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, ungathola ngokuphelele izinhlobo zonke zemifula: iziqhingi, ezishintshayo kanye nezintaba. Emasimini asephayini nasezindaweni eziphansi, izimpande ze-sphagnum zivame ukutholakala .

Ecebile kakhulu izimila zasemanzini epaki. It has izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60.

Izilwane ze-Nečkinsky Park

Inyama yepaki kazwelonke "Nechkinsky" ihluke kakhulu. Ezinqolobaneni zendawo zinezinhlobo ezingu-38 zezinhlanzi, ezinye izinhlobo eziyisithupha zanyamalala ngokuphelele ngenxa yokulawulwa kwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi we-Volga ne-Kama.

Esigodini samanzi saseVotkinskoe sitholakala e-Chekhon, i-roach, i-ruff, i-perch, i-stinging, i-Volga umhlasela, i-pike, i-tulka, i-bream, i-burbot, i-bugler, i-pilot, i-pike. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinhlanzi zihlanganisa i-sazan, i-taimen, i-catfish, i-char, i-white-eyed. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-carp emagodini, kodwa i-bream ibusa yonke indawo.

Njengamanje, ukudoba kuvunyelwe ngelayisense, futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, noma yisiphi isakhamuzi esingayithola. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukudoba ama-amateur kuye kwaba nokulingana okukhulu futhi kufana neyezimboni. Umehluko okuwukuphela kwezintandokazi zezinhlobo. Isizathu sokubamba izimboni yi-Chekhon, kuyilapho abalandeli bakhetha i-pike, i-bream ne-pike.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasendle

Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, imfuyo ye-National Park "Nechkinsky" imelwe yizinhlobo ezingu-213 zezilwane zasemhlabeni (izilwane zasemhlabeni). Abachwepheshe bacabanga ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezintathu, kodwa kuze kube manje akukho idatha eqondile. Emashumini eminyaka yamuva i-desman ilahlekile ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kochwepheshe, uhlu lwezilwane ludinga ukubuyekezwa okunzulu nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo.

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ze-Udmurt University, kungashiwo ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingu-155 zezinyoni epaki. Lezi zindawo ziwela endaweni yokuhlala. Izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu kuphela ezihlala lapha unomphela, zonke ezinye zifuduka.

Ipaki ilawulwa yizinyoni, izici zehlathi nezindawo zomfula. Inani lezinyoni ze-steppe ayilutho.

Emahlathini kukhona abalandeli abalandelayo bezilwane: i-elk, i-lynx, ibhere elibomvu, i-hedgehog ejwayelekile, ama-shrews, ihlathi legundane, i- beaver, i-squirrel evamile, imvukuzane, i-marten, isikhumba semfuyo, i-herermine, i-badger, isikhukhukazi, impisi, i-weasel, i-otter.

Epaki kunezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-2000 ezingenayo i-invertebrate, kunezinambuzane eziningi lapha, ezixhunywe nokuba khona kwezikhukhula nemifula.

Izikhumbuzo Zemvelo ZePaki Kazwelonke "Nechkinsky"

Engadini yepaki kunezikhumbuzo eziyisishiyagalombili zemvelo, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuzijabuliseni. Lezi zihlanganisa amapheshana athi "Galevo" no "Nechkinskoe", umthombo "Makarovsky", umlomo we-Siva, iLake Zaborne, i-Peat bogs "Kemulskoe" ne "Pure-Kostovatovskoe."

Izitshalo zehlathi ezisemifuleni zinokubaluleka kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Zonke izikhumbuzo zemvelo zibalulekile emisebenzini yezesayensi nezokuqonda, futhi zikwazi ukuzithokozisa okukhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilwane nezitshalo, ezivumelaniswa nale ndawo ethile, zihlala kumasayithi ahlukene. Bonke bakha imiphakathi eyingqayizivele neyingqayizivele, engekho enye indawo etholakala kuyo.

Scientific isebenza

Abasebenzi bepaki baqhuba umsebenzi wesayensi osebenzayo kokubili esiqondisweni somlando nesazilo. Ukutholakala kwezikhumbuzo ezingamatshumi amathathu zokuvubukula kwenziwa kocwaningo lwabo olujulile kanye nesitifiketi.

Abasebenzi banemisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukutadisha ngokucophelela imfuyo kanye ne-flora kuzo zonke izingxenye zepaki.
2. Ukuhlola okuhloswe ngabantu base "Book Red" nezinhlobo ezingavamile.
3. Ukuqhuba izifundo ezibalulekile ezindaweni eziningana.

Imisebenzi yesayensi yepaki kazwelonke "Nechkinsky" ibaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, isithakazelo esikhethekile yimbhalo yemvelo, eyenziwe kusukela ngo-2005. Abasebenzi bomnyango wesayensi wezindawo ezivikelwe bavame ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo, phakathi kwazo:

1. Izilwane zezinyosi zepaki.
2. I-Khokhlatki National Park.
3. Imfuyo yezinyosi ifile.
4. Imiphumela yezifundo ze-beetles-beetles.

Kunemisebenzi eminingi, ihlanganisa izitshalo nezilwane zepaki "Nechkinsky". Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi basebenzisana kakhulu nabavakashi abaningi, izinhlangano zesayensi, iminyuziyamu nemidiya yokuphrinta. Ukubambisana kwezesayensi kusiza ukuqhuba imisebenzi yocwaningo nokusabalalisa imiphumela yomsebenzi hhayi emibuthanweni emincane yongcweti, kodwa futhi phakathi kwezimbangi ezibanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kudonsela abantu, ukuzinikela ezinkingeni zemvelo.