Amasiko nempucuko ekuthuthukiseni isintu

Ukuhlangana phakathi kwemibono yenkambiso nempucuko yinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi zibacabangela cishe zifana, kodwa futhi iqembu lalabo ababeletha la magama futhi bababheke njengabaphikisi. Ake sicabangele okushiwo kanye nemvelaphi yala mazwi. "Amasiko" avela eRoma lasendulo futhi ekuqaleni wakhetha ukutshala umhlaba. I-etymology yegama elithi "impucuko" livela kwisiLatin "civis" (okusho ukuthi umuntu ohlala emzini, isakhamuzi). Leli gama lisho izinga elithile lokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle (imithetho, ingqalasizinda yombuso), impilo yansuku zonke (izakhiwo zomphakathi, imigwaqo, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi, njll), imikhuba nobuciko (ukuziphatha kanye ne-aesthetics).

Njengoba sibona, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaRoma afaka isiko (ekuqondeni kwalo kwamanje) ngegama elivamile elithi "impucuko", nangakolunye uhlangothi, kwachazwa njengento ethile yasemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezimbi emzini, ekhanyiselwa futhi ehlanjululwe. Noma kunjalo, singasho nakanjani ukuthi ekuqaleni komuntu kokubili lezi zenzakalo azizange zithinte. Ngemuva kwalokho, sithi: "isiko lemiphakathi yasendulo," okushiwo yi-fusion ephilayo yezinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinganekwane, ubuciko nesayensi yabantu abathile ezingeni elithile lezinqubekela phambili.

Umuntu akavumelani nezwe elizungezile, kodwa ufuna ukuguqula. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kokubili isiko nempucuko yimbonakaliso yentuthuko eqhubekayo yomphakathi wesintu, okungukuthi, umphumela wokuqhubeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu uzama ukuqonda imithetho ekhona emvelweni, futhi ayisebenzise, ukuthola izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokuba khona kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzama ukuqaphela indawo yakhe kuleli zwe, ukuthola ukulahlekelwa okulahlekile, ukuqonda injongo yokuphila kwakhe.

Kuze kube yisikhathi esisha, isiko nempucuko ayizange iphikise, kodwa ngokuvumelanayo yahlanganisana. Imithetho yemvelo yayizwakala njengoba isungulwa nguNkulunkulu (noma izithixo), futhi ngaleyo ndlela insimu yokomoya ihlangene nezwe elibonakalayo. Ukudalwa kukaNkulunkulu-umuntu-kwakha uhlobo oluhlukile, olubandakanyekile ekuvumelaneni kwasezulwini, nakuba lwalubonakala ezintweni ezinjengokungathi zikhona njengamanzi okugaya, ukulima ukulima okujulile kanye nokuboleka kwebhange.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kwenkathi ye technogenic, imibono ye "isiko" kanye "nempucuko" iqala ukuhlukana. Ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo emikhulu ephuma kumthumeli uyayibonakalisa, ihlukanise nomdali wabo - u-artisan. Lo muntu wayeka ukubeka umphefumulo wakhe ezintweni, futhi baqala ukubusa. Kokubili lezi zindinganiso zaqala ukuphikisana, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona i-ersatz, "i-centaur" yezo zombili izimo - imfashini.

Iyini inkinga yokulwa lapho isiko nempucuko ekhona khona? Owokuqala usebenza ngezindinganiso ezingunaphakade (i-classic ayisoze yaphela), kanti eyesibili ivela ekubambeni ukuthi amagajethi aphelile ngokomthetho, athathelwa abanye abanye, abaphelele kakhulu. Isayensi yanamuhla iyindabuko (ikakhulukazi ekhokhelwa lezo zimboni eziletha izabelo ezibonakalayo), kanti izimpumelelo zomoya azikhokha njalo izindleko. Ubuciko, izincwadi, inkolo zisekelwe empumelelo yazo zonke izinsuku ezidlule, kanti isigaba ngasinye sesigaba esilandelayo senqubekela phambili sivame ukuzimela.