Ama-frigate bird "Admiral Grigorovich": izithombe, isakhiwo kanye ukuqaliswa

Abuyé amandla asolwandle Russia ejabulisa wonke alwa kweqiniso. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi lapho imikhumbi wangena ukwehla, ekugcineni zaqala sesimanje yayo, ephelezelwa nokuthuma Emayunithi lamasha ezihlangabezana nezidingo kwekhulu entsha. Phakathi kwabo, a frigate Project 11356 "Admiral Grigorovich," Yethulwe 14 Mashi 2014.

Siyini-frigate Russian

ESoviet ngezigaba Navy emikhunjini alesi sigaba, njengoba frigate, kwakungelula. Bakha a imikhumbi emikhulu anti-ngwenya (BOD) kanye patrol (IC), okuyinto esithwale umthwalo osindayo eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa bangasephula imingcele amanzi USSR enwetshiwe. Kusukela ngo-1968, inkantolo yezempi yephrojekthi 1135, eyakhelwe ifektri "Yantar" ziye zaqala ukutheleka enkonzweni imikhumbi. Uchungechunge imikhumbi nesishiyagalombili, njengenjwayelo, yethiwa iyunithi walo wokuqala, "Petrel". inkonzo Guard ayephatha "Norei" (Project 11351), elakhiwa ngo-eliningi elinikelwe (39 izingcezu). Ezinye zazo yilezi namanje inkonzo, kodwa isikhathi namagagasi kukhona onesihluku, imishini ivame ukugqoka futhi ukuguga ngokwengqondo. Zathola okuhlangenwe nakho bemikhumbi ekuthuthukiseni lezi zinhlobo kubhekwe. Endaweni yabo kuyofika imikhumbi iphrojekthi entsha - 11356 ikilasi "Admiral Grigorovich," kulingana bamukeleke navies eziningi zomhlaba welithi "frigate" njengokungathi ukufuduka, futhi ukulwa amakhono. Mhlawumbe lesi sigaba ngeke sizijwayeze Navy Russian.

Ukuze kuhlonishwe umuntu okuthiwa umkhumbi futhi uchungechunge

I "Admiral Grigorovich," eminyakeni ezayo uzoqhubeka frigates ezine esesibekiwe, ebizwa amagama Admirals abadumile Russian Essen, Makarov, Butakova futhi Istomin. izinduna Naval, lezi zaziwa ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifiso umlando Russia futhi amabutho akhe ahlomile. Bonke baye baba adumile phakathi ukuzivikela nobuqhawe ePort Arthur phakathi neMpi Russian-Japanese ka 1905-1907. Kulokhu, okungenani bonke abantu naye ukuthi lokho namesake umkhumbi isihloko uchungechunge - ". Admiral Grigorovich" le frigate Kungahle kube khona ngakho ngoba Biography of the ahlonishwe sikahulumeni lempi akuyona ngempela uhambisane lwemibono ze-Soviet mayelana komoya wokushisekela izwe.

Kusukela midshipman ukuze Umkhuzi

Ik Grigorovich wazalwa ngo 1853. Weza lasolwandle njengoba midshipman, owaphothula Naval Academy. Ulwazi safike kukhanselwe, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaphoyisa amabili nanhlanu bathunyelwa American States i-Nyakatfo eqenjini lezazi ngenxa ukwamukelwa ngemikhumbi emine ngezigaba "impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu", ngaphambilini kwi shipyards Philadelphia. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngo-1883, Grigorovich baba umlawuli lokuqala "telltales" incane kabi into hhayi ephuma echwebeni echwebeni. Kwakubonakala, umsebenzi uhamba akuzona yimpumelelo kakhulu, kodwa unekhono, ngenkuthalo nokububula isikhulu abaphathi waphawula. Kulandele izinguqulo eziningana, isevisi, ngakho kwaba nzima, kodwa ezithakazelisayo.

Admiral sika Ukudalelwa

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, siwulimi attaché lezindiza ku London, futhi ngo-1904 wathola isikhundla esisha esikhundleni sokuba induna base wamabutho asolwandle ePort Arthur, eyathatha kuleli bhuloho "Tsarevich" armadillo. Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele Japanese Ik Grigorovich wazibonisa onesandla umhlabeleli, ukukwazi ukunikeza wonke ukuzivikela kunesidingo. Kusukela 1911, Vice Admiral oluthatha okuthunyelwe UNgqongqoshe we-Imperial Russian Navy. Amadizayini akhe bathole ukuthuthukiswa yabo emva 1917. Zonke yempi Soviet Russia, ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo abachithi, Cruisers futhi abangaba ingxenye bentanta ngaphambi kwempi ngo Grigorovich basungula izinhlelo sesimanje. Admiral yena Nokho, akazange azamukele KwamaBolshevik umbuso, wahlala emva kwempi, lo Riviera French, lapho - ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha futhi ekudingisweni - wafa ngo-1930.

indawo yokuphumula Yokugcina umlotha ahlonishwe isimo Russian kanye sibalo asolwandle attained ngo-2005. Ngokusho intando oshonile, wembelwa egumbini umndeni at St Nicholas emathuneni Petersburg.

umkhumbi ukubukeka

Yehla "Admiral Grigorovitch" amanzi ngo-March 14, njengoba ezinye ukubambezeleka ukusebenza okubangwa yileli sezulu. Lo mkhosi yahanjelwa le umzukulu Artyom Moskovchenko umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle, nomzukulu wakhe Olga Petrova, owabahlula kanye ibhodlela yendabuko champagne esiqwini. Ngakho okokuqala bahlangana umkhumbi amagagasi ulwandle "Admiral Grigorovich." Izithombe ezithwetshulwe kulo mzuzwana onesizotha. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuqashelwa sokunconywa umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle phambi lizwe ekhaya sathinteka inzalo yakhe.

Ngokusho kwezihlobo, umkhulu wakhe wayeyinhloko onesandla esiqinile, wayezobe ihlolwe konke, kusukela stem ukuze esikebheni, ngaphambi kokwenza frigate. Grigorovich, ngokusobala, ngingathanda yaneliswa umphumela wokuhlola. Umkhumbi wafika nodumo. Njengoba ngofuzo izimfanelo best of the kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini, lokhu imoto multi-purpose atholwe izakhiwo ezintsha nobuntu amasampula eziningi zalezi zinsuku izikhali zasolwandle. wabuka ngaphansi kwamanzi unikeze navigability kakhulu futhi izindlu kanye superstructure wenza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe of ukubonakala ongaphakeme. Imishini ihambisana ubuchwepheshe bamuva kakhulu nangezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kubukeka frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," umxhwele, yesimanje futhi iyaguquka.

Inhloso umkhumbi

Ngamunye wempi eyakhiwe injongo, ukwenza imisebenzi ethize kakhulu. Lolu hlobo isikhali kuhlukile eziningi nezinye izindleko eliphezulu kakhulu futhi iyunithi ngokwayo, futhi ukusebenza kwalo okwalandela.

Ama-frigate bird Project 11356 "Admiral Grigorovich," kuklanyelwe ukuba ulwe umsebenzi saseMedithera, futhi indawo emzini wakhe zisuka edolobheni kuhlelwe wenkazimulo Russian - Sevastopol. Black Sea Fleet abadinga imikhumbi yesimanje, anda NATO umsebenzi esifundeni kube nesidingo impendulo. Nokho, ibanga yama yodwa (acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu nautical miles) ivumela futhi eqele ngalé okuchaza indawo onogada, isibonelo, ukuba alwe no-Pirates, kanye nezinye izimo okungavamile. Imisebenzi ukuthi ungakwazi ukuxazulula frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Uyakwazi ngempumelelo ilwe torpedo, emoyeni kanye missile ukuhlaselwa, bakwazi ukuxosha izenzo nobutha. Izikhali ebhodini, ngokwanele ukuba hit yimuphi target kwamanzi noma ngenhla kwamanzi, kuhlanganise abathwali izindiza tonnage imikhumbi.

izikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi

The main umkhumbi izikhali - iziqhumane "Calibre-NK" I-cruise micibisholo "Onyx" (3M-54TE). Eight wabo, lena izinhlelo esinzulu ukuthi bayakwazi hit iyiphi into olwandle futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ezweni abanakho analogue.

Ukuze ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka kusukela umkhumbi emoyeni "Admiral Grygorovych" linezimiso ezimbili emoyeni ukuzivikela, ngokuthi "Calm 1" (e-arsenal yezikhali ezicitshwayo guided 36) futhi "Palash". Eyokuqala yalezi - rocket multi-channel, okusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi baqhubeke futhi hit okuhloswe eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Eyesibili kuyinto ephezulu ukusebenza rocket-wezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye ezimbili "Dirk" uhlelo, futhi unesibopho ukuphepha wezasemoyeni. amayunithi ezimbili A-190 ikhipha aqukethe izibhamu okusheshayo-kokudubula kakhulu emhlabeni of ubukhulu 100 mm. Amabili TA ihlanganise ngamunye ezintathu 533-mm torpedo. Qedela Ukuvikelwa enamandla eside ziphumelela rocket izigqulo RBU-6000. Futhi-ke, 11356 frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," njengoba yimuphi patrol isikebhe yesimanje zazingahambi iphiko lalo ngesimo Ka-31 indiza (ukusetshenziswa Ka-27, PL).

ukubonakala okuphansi

Namuhla, ngaphansi esingalindelekile uqonde hhayi nje kuphela umbala sifihle imibala, iqinisekisa ekusithekeni esiphezulu ku isizinda amanzi olwandle futhi esibhakabhakeni. Kuyadingeka, ukuthola ezibukwayo ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu intelligence, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba engabonakali radar isitha ezingaba khona. radar isimiso kuyafana ukuthi ekuqaleni eyasungulwa. Kubonakala electron ugongolo ephezulu imvamisa ubonisa indawo zonke izinto, ezinde phezu kogu lolwandle. Ukuze wehlise ukubonakala, kungenzeka ukwenza ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuqondisa kabusha kuyizinhlayiyana ukugeleza phesheya noma bachayeke emisebeni yelanga. Zizonke, lezi zinyathelo abizwa "Stealth Technology". Ama-frigate bird Project 11356 "Admiral Grigorovich," futhi-ke, yonke imikhumbi alandelayo kulolu chungechunge abe isignesha low locators isitha ezingaba khona. Uthole kuwuhlobo ekhethekile kwezindlu, ngengaphandle lamatshwayo, ehlanganisa ramps, mfutho enamathela ekhethekile nemishini kagesi, okwakwenza umkhumbi nokubonwa radar. Kwenqwaba izikhali kanye nemishini kufihlwe ngemuva evele ukuzivikela. Yiqiniso, engabonakali ngokuphelele umkhumbi radar asikwazi ukwenziwa, kodwa ukuthola frigate kolwandle "Grigorovich" kuyoba nzima ngempela.

amamojuli

Ngokusho ezivamile sikebhe ubuchwepheshe ke sisiba phezu ezingongolweni, bese yakhiwa kusukela phansi kuze ngokuphelele. Ngakho imikhumbi ezakhiwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe has a ezahlukene kancane kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. ucabangela isidingo sesimanje okusheshayo futhi ukufakwa imishini emisha, ngezinye izikhathi okukhulu kakhulu. Leli bhokisi wakhiwa izingxenye, ukuze, uma kukhona isidingo undocking, kwakungeke kubangele izinkinga lobuchwepheshe. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," kukhiqizwe ngendlela Modular, eziphambili kakhulu kuze kube manje. Lo mkhumbi has a engaba inqolobane sesimanje, okuvumela ukuba esikhundleni sanoma yiziphi ISIZINDA kusukela powertrain kuya zikagesi.

frigate Indian

State ibhizinisi isitshalo "Yantar" belilokhu likhona kusukela ukunqoba kuka-1945. Esikhathini German eKönigsberg kwaba ngisemsebenzini "Sheehan," owaba ngesisekelo ukukhiqizwa womkhumbi ngemva kwempi, lapho umuzi waphenduka aseBaltic Soviet. Phakathi khona sitshalo bentanta engaphezu kwekhulu imikhumbi, ikakhulukazi ezempi.

Kusukela ngo-2007, ethunywe uhulumeni waseNdiya phezu isitshalo Baltic kwenziwa umyalelo ekhethekile: ukwakha imikhumbi ukuze Navy yezwe enobungane. Le phrojekthi kuyafana 11356, by okwadala frigate "Admiral Grigorovich." Nokho, Umehluko, kubalulekile. I element ezivamile "abafowabo" ababili emzimbeni, futhi imishini ezahlukene kanye izikhali. frigates Indian bebehlome nge missile izinhlelo "Brahmos", ne iziqhumane mpo.

imikhumbi Seaworthiness Russian kukhona amakhasimende uyajabula kangangokuthi ziye bafisa ukwakha bebodwa, ezithengwe imibhalo lobuchwepheshe. Zinikeza usizo oluphelele kohlaka uhlelo lempi nokubambisana. Amagama frigates zokuqala ezine uchungechunge Indian - "Talwar", "Tarkash", "Trikand" futhi "tag".

Isakhiwo EW

manje impi Electronic nge ukuxhumana isitha nokulawula babé umgomo oyinhloko, ikhambi ngempumelelo okuyinto cishe iqinisekisa unqobe noma isiphi isitha. 11356 frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," behlome ngemibese ezine Crab PC-10 "Brave." Lezi ukufakwa desyatistvolnye zifane rocket ezigqulweni, kodwa inkinga they fanele another. Esikhundleni ngqo ukunqoba imikhumbi isitha kuzala amagobolondo kungalimaza electronics we ejenti isitha. ukuphazamiseka sasikhipha kuncisha amathuba isitha imikhumbi ukuze uthole ulwazi ukwabelana, ukuze aphuphuthekise radar, uyokwehlisela uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela.

Control izinhlelo ukudubula

Long gone izinsuku lapho wadubula "by iso". Ngisho eyinkimbinkimbi izikophu musa banelise tidzingo amatilosi ngenxa ngobufushane isimo enkundleni laseThire elingasolwandle isinyathelo sezempi. Izinqumo ukuvula umlilo - akubona umlawuli, futhi ukubala kwemigomo shot nezisebenzi trust ezishintshayo. Lo mkhumbi "Admiral Grigorovich," has enamandla ugibelile ne-computing system ukuthi zibalulekile ukuze kube okusheshayo esibatshela isikhali elitsheni. Ulwazi livela "Puma" radar, missile oluqalisa wahlanganyela indlela yokuphathwa kwamazinga "Vympel" 123-02, futhi unesibopho putts torpedo "Purga-11356".

Usayizi kanye nenombolo

Mayelana usayizi imikhumbi yahlulelwe displacement. "Admiral Grigorovich" - ukuqapha isikebhe, ngakho-ke akufanele kube zizinkulu umkhumbi othwala izindiza. inzika yakhe incane, kuze 7.5 amamitha, okuyinto liyalingana izici Sea, ayijulile ezindaweni eziningi. Lokufuduka imayelana anamane amawaka amathani, okungasekelwe wathi ngobukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Petr Veliky", ifinyelela 25 thous. Amathani.

Ama-frigate bird "Admiral Grigorovich": isithombe kanye olinganise

Frigates - imikhumbi emikhulu, kodwa hhayi enkulu. Lona isiqinisekiso maneuverability zabo, isivinini kanye ngobuqili. Nokho, kancane ayikwazi ngokuthi i-frigate "Admiral Grigorovich." Izithombe olunikezwa isevisi cindezela Navy sika, eyaphuma kuyi abonisa eside ngempela (125 metres). Leli bhokisi is side, umkhumbi, kunjengokungathi "ecindezeleke" ezinhlangothini, okhombisa nesimiso sawo sokuhamba. Sokuphehla amandla ehlanganisa ezimbili eziphehla ugesi gas, ngesivinini umkhumbi 30 ifindo, futhi ikumodi afterburner - ngisho ngokushesha.

Amatilosi siqukethe 18 maphoyisa, 142 amatilosi amabili amasosha, ingqikithi abantu 180. Ukuphatha mkhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana, efana frigate "Admiral Grigorovich," kudinga izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuqeqeshwa, ukuhambisana nokuhlangana kwemicabango. Ithimba, angakwazi kuphela ochwepheshe kweqiniso abathanda kolwandle futhi, yebo, ezweni lakubo.