Alexander Afanasyev nangemisebenzi yakhe

Yini tincwadzi letifundvwe cishe kusukela ifilimu? Yiqiniso, izindaba. Lona izindaba kuqala kakhulu, okuyinto ukutshela abazali ukuba izingane zabo. Kulawa, thina kukhishwe sezifundo zokuqala: ezinhle kunamandla okubi, njalo uwina. Futhi nakuba indlela ngezinye izikhathi nelogok, kodwa awukwazi give up futhi ukukholelwa bona namandla abo. Ohlakaniphile, okuhle inganekwane - Yizwe elikhulu, ephumela ingane ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila.

Akufundayo ukucabanga, ukuhlukanisa okuhle nokubi, ukuhlola izenzo inganekwane nezinhlamvu. Tales ukulungiselela ingane ukuphila omdala, bafundiswa ukuthi baziphathe kanjani kuleli zwe elikhulukazi. Uma kuziwa inganekwane, akunakwenzeka kokukhumbula omkhulu "indaba-ummemezeli" - U-Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev, ngoba siyobe senza ngaphandle kwalo futhi akazange aqaphele noma iyiphi "Itheniphu" noma "Izinkukhu Ryaba" noma "Bun".

umsebenzi

Afanasev Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1826-1871) wazalelwa e Voronezh esifundeni, emzini Boguchar. Ubaba wakhonza njengephayona ummeli, yingakho azama ukunika izingane zabo imfundo enhle. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme Voronezh Afanasiev ethunyelwe eMoscow, lapho engena inyuvesi. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu, ufundisa izincwadi kanye nomlando isiRashiya, futhi kamuva ngonyaka esima archive.

Mhlawumbe kungenxa iminyaka umsebenzi archive baye baba ukundlula inhlonipho zokudala. Elapho, watholana ngezicelo eziningi zomlando eziligugu, kodwa zingakwazi ukufunda iningi. Afanasiev ishicilela umagazini "The amanothi lwempilo yomuntu," futhi wabona izinto ukukhanya elihlobene ne umsebenzi Russian abadumile ongqondongqondo, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi. Alexander Afanasyev wabhala eziningi, uba ongumcwaningi intatheli. Enye yezincwadi ezimbalwa zalezi iminyaka:

• "N. Novikov. "
• "Russian ncwadi ukuhweba."
• "Ihlaya Cantemir".
• "I polemics kwezincwadi leminyaka elidlule."

Into akukwazanga ukushicilelwa eRussia, ngomkhumbi phesheya futhi wabonakala eLondon Anthology "Polar Star", omunye kulaba bamemezeli lapho kwaba Russian wamavukelambuso A. I. Gertsen. Ngo-1862, Afanasyeva axoshwe isevisi, icala mayelana nezinsolo benkulumo-ze-London. Alexander Afanasyev ngaphandle umsebenzi unomphela kwaba eminyakeni embalwa, futhi ngo-1865 ngesikhathi engena Duma Umsizi uNobhala, liya isikhundla sikanobhala ngemva kweminyaka emibili. umbhali Omkhulu efa eneminyaka engu-45 isifo sofuba.

yomlando womsebenzi

Othanda omkhulu endala, Afanasiev ihlola konke ehlangene umlando Russia, liba incwadi endala ngesandla. Ungumnikazi imisebenzi eminingi enikelwe umlando Russia, wanyathelisa kubo ephephabhukwini "Contemporary" ( "State Ipulazi ngaphansi uPeter Omkhulu", "Pskov yeKambiso Charter" nabanye.). Uyabhala Izibuyekezo kwezincwadi ngokomlando ukuba zinyatheliswe emaphephandabeni "Umphakathi temlandvo Antiquities" eyunivesithi. Ingabe "Society of Abathandi nezincwadi zokufunda", ihlola zomlando, ukhuluma futhi inyathelisa izihloko ngokudalwa amagama amasha abantu. Imibandela kakhulu ezimbi ezingakholeki futhi okunzima ke Afanasiev usuqedile bese eshicilelwe umsebenzi enkulu yokuphila kwakhe - ". Ukubukwa ezinezinkondlo ngemvelo lwamaSlav"

imisebenzi etemibhalo

Kusukela ngawo-1850, u-Alexander Afanasiev esitshalweni ngokuphelele ucwaningo ezihlobene temdzabu, izinganekwane kanye ethnography abantu. izifundo zakhe zisemhlabeni ungowenani elikhulu. Usinika esithile esidlule, umsuka yolimi lwanamuhla. Iletha uquqaba ezibanzi amasiko amadala, izinkolelo, temdzabu nezingathekiso kwezincwadi Slavic. Ngaleso sikhathi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-izincwadi eziningi, izihloko ezingaphezu kuka-60, kuhlanganise:

• "Umkhulu endlini" cwaningo ezinganekwaneni.
• "Sage kanye Witch."
• "Zoomorphic nawonkulunkulu lwamaSlav."
• "A amazwi ambalwa mayelana ubuhlobo ulimi nge abantu ezinkolelweni eziyize."
• "Amasiko Lobuqaba esiqhingini Buyan".
• "Omagazini satirical Russian 1769-1774 GG.".

Russian Folk yezinganekwane

Entshisekweni Afanasyev wabhala yezinganekwane isazi Russian futhi ethnographer Pypin A. N. Ngo ukubuyekeza lohlobo lokuqala inganekwane, waphawula ukuthi ukuqhathanisa Motifs Fairytale Afanasiev futhi ilebula yimpumelelo kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho bagxeka kuye lokho umbhali uzama ukunika izenzakalo owesincane incazelo wasenganekwaneni. Chernyshevsky NG wabonisa lokhu, kodwa wanezela ukuthi asikwazi uvumelana izincazelo Afanasyev.

baxgeki eziningi Alexander Afanasyev wathi izinganekwane - isayensi efanayo, futhi kuphela ungakwazi amdale ophelele izinsuku ubudala lapho nomniningwane omncane ufundwa. Wagomela ukuthi ezinganekwaneni, temdzabu, izinganekwane kuyinto nolimi kusukela emlandweni wesizwe. izinganekwane eziningi ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne izenzakalo endalo, lawo kungekho ncazelo, waphinda kuqinisekisa ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo wasenganekwaneni. Angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi baxgeki ukubaluleka yesayensi ucwaningo lwakhe ezinganekwaneni Babegogodile Afanasyev ezibuhlungu.

Iqoqo lokuqala inganekwane

edition Afanasyev inganekwane kulezo zimo - uhlobo feat. Wabhala incwadi eya kumhleli we "Amanothi we lawobaba" futhi acela ngaso ukuba in the umagazini of Folk yezinganekwane. Uyachaza isibonelo Brothers Grimm, okuyinto impahla eyigugu okufanele isithakazelo. Kodwa izinto ephephabhukwini bese akabonakalanga nevolumu, ngaleso sikhathi possessed Afanasiev, kwengce kakhulu lizinga amakhono umagazini.

Ngo-1952, iNhlangano Geographical Russian ithumela Afanasyev iqoqo yezinganekwane, owayeboshiwe zomlando yakhe. Ngesikhathi anawo umbhali ngaleso bekulokhu mayelana 1000 inganekwane wabhekisela kulo Dalem V I. Bobabili izinto ezidinga handling ngokucophelela, njengoba wabutha abantu abahlukene, futhi ezahlukene izinga ukuqoshwa, kanye nesitayela. Ngo-1855 wakhipha umqulu uhlelo lokuqala "Russian Folk yezinganekwane."

Out yezinganekwane Aleksandra afanaseva ukukhishwa eziningana. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange nezindaba eziyisishiyagalombili elahlanganiswa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-600. Wakhetha ukushicilela izingane ezithakazelisayo kakhulu sika inganekwane. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho abafundi beqala ukuhlangana ne Koshcheev futhi baba yaga, wafunda iqiniso Firebird futhi Kolobok wezwa Palace Small noMariya Morevna. Lona ngobukhulu ngesikhathi iqoqo isikhathi inganekwane emhlabeni.

Ukwahlukaniswa inganekwane

Lapho kulungiselelwa ngokwengeziwe impahla Afanasiev kucatshangwe kahle futhi uhlukanise ke. Walaba yezinganekwane ngaphakathi izigaba: izindaba amaqhawe, basezinganekwaneni, isilo kuyinganekwane, izindaba abathakathi nezidumbu, yasendlini yezinganekwane ezihlekisayo. Kamuva, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, eziningana lula ngezigaba: Isilwane yezinganekwane, inhlalakahle kanye ngomlingo-Fi. Kodwa kusekelwe isimiso owadala Alexander Afanasyev.

Izincwadi ayikwazanga kubangele Ukunganeliseki babefundisi neziphathimandla. Imingcele zivimbela kakhulu umsebenzi Afanasiev. Phakathi naleso sikhathi eGeneva ukhiphe iqoqo "Tales Ubekelele" egqoke antichurch nobunjalo antibarsky. Publishing amaqoqo Afanasyeva - umcimbi omkhulu empilweni social nesayensi yeRussia. Lapho esededelwe, abagxeki abaningi abavelele abahlaziyi bemibhalo ye sikhathi ngezibuyekezo.

Kuso yezinganekwane Afanasyev

Ngaphandle zezingane inganekwane, Afanasyev kungokwalabo iqoqo yezinganekwane abadala, eyakhululwa ngo-Geneva. "Russian Folk yezinganekwane hhayi ukushicilelwa" Iqoqo "Tales, tinganekwane ngemifanekiso 'nayo uvinjelwe eRussia futhi ishicilelwe phesheya. Iziphathimandla wabona nokuqukethwe kwalo isiqondiso oluyingozi imicabango. Kuhlanganisa imibhalo yokuhaha, nobuwula, uSathane, izilo wasenganekwaneni nemimoya emibi. ezibalulekile ngokuya efeni elingokomoya labantwana iqoqo abantu kakhulu.

Phakathi neminyaka ukucwaninga ekushushisweni amaqoqo amaningi aphume ngamagama ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane ngokuqukethwe esikisela ucansi eshicilelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: "UBileyamu. Unyaka ka obscurantism. " Le ncwadi uvinjelwe isikhathi eside. ERussia, weza okokuqala ngo-1997. A ngalendoda odumile temdzabu kungokwalabo izincwadi eziningi ekhishwa samanje.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kudidaniswe umsebenzi abaphila manje, owabhala incwadi ethi "indawo elinegciwane". Alexander Afanasyev - kumbhali wesimanje eloba amasosha uhlobo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe neze ezihambisana ngezindaba ezethusayo we namesake esikhulu, esikhonza wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe lokuqoqa temdzabu. iqoqo Inani afanaseva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha imayelana nezinsuku eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amabili yezinganekwane. Wangena umlando isiko Russian njengoba umshicileli lokuqala iqoqo Folk yezinganekwane.