Ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle - kuyini? Nokusingatha umuntu ongeyena umJuda enkolweni yobuJuda. ukuba abe umJuda kanjani

Ukukhetha UbuJuda njengoba Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphila kweqiniso, umuntu engazalwanga ungumJuda, kodwa ubani ofuna ukuba omunye, ukuba balungele zonke izinhlobo zezithiyo abese izithiyo. Ngemva lapho kwemukelwa khona isimiso amagugu kanye naletintfo bale nkolo - hhayi okokugcina icala nje. Iyokwandulelwa test langempela kwemibono kanye nezifiso ngakhethi. Uma ngabe umhlolwa sihamba amaJuda e isithunzi sabo, ulindele ebuJudeni. Kuyini futhi kungani sasidingeka? Ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle kuyinto ukuguqulwa ebuJudeni, kuhlanganise rites eziphawula ukuvela esinye ummeleli wabantu abakhethiwe.

EbuJudeni: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngaphambi Beit Din, okuthiwa enkantolo zorabi, nembangi amaJuda, kungakhathaliseki ubulili sithembisa athobele 613 imiyalo iTorah. Le ndoda yathatha izintambo ijoka, kumele zidlule imicikilisho elandelayo abangamaJuda: Brit Mila (ukusoka) kanye twill (okugeza isiko). Abesifazane ukuguqulwa ebuJudeni okwenzeka noma kunjalo. Kufanele wenze twill kuphela. emkhubeni ngayine inezidingo zayo nencazelo yalo ekhethekile futhi yenza imisebenzi ethile okwenza ukuguqulwa.

Brit Mila: Izici

Brit Mila lifanekisela inyunyana phakathi koMdali Israyeli. Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, lo mkhosi kuphoqelekile umuntu owayeqhuba ubuJuda amaJuda namanje cabanga ke zibalulekile uma kuziwa ebuJudeni. Ngemva ukusoka azigcina ubungcwele babantu, indoda okuthiwa kuso contraindicated Judaist akasoze abe.

AbeZizwe anconywe Brit Mila ngaphansi izinzwa wendawo, ukuze bakwazi ukugxila ekwenzeni imiyalo, kepha avunyelwe izinzwa egcwele uma kukhona isizathu esicindezelayo.

Kuleso simo, uma umfakisicelo babengabasokanga ngaphambili, kumelwe ibhekane inqubo atafat Dame esikhundleni Brit Brit nice ukwenza siguqukele enkolweni yobuJuda. Kuyini futhi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani? Atafat ukunikeza-Brit simele ongokomfanekiso deflation Amaconsi ambalwa egazi ngokusebenzisa wokubhoboza elincane endaweni lapho ngokuvamile ukwenza yokusoka.

Yena Brit Milah, owawenza kube sekubeni khona Beit Din amajaji. Buciko ukusoka Mohel umemezela isibusiso lapho liqedwa aphuze ingilazi yewayini. Ngemva kokuboshwa kwefindo indoda kufanele alulame ngokwenyama, ukwenza twill. Kuthatha ngokuvamile kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.

kuyinto twill kanjani?

Twill kuhilela ngokufaka mikvah amanzi emvula kwesigubhu noma spring amanzi. Ngalokhu emkhubeni kufanele uzilungiselele ngokucophelela: ukuhlanza, ukuxubha amazinyo akho kanye nekama izinwele zakho.

Umuntu ongena mikveh nqunu waphonseka amanzi nekhanda lakhe. Ngemva cwilisa owesifazane wokuqala ishiya ichibi futhi kubeka ingubo enkulu. Akumele liphazamisane contact umzimba ngamanzi uma kabusha engena mikvah. Le ngubo kuzovumela isiko ilungile futhi bazizwa benethezekile kuleli khona amajaji. Le ndoda, ngokungafani kuya nabesifazane abangenazo agqoke futhi ihlala emanzini. Abahluleli ukuchitha ingxoxo kancane nge ikhandidethi, ucele kabusha ukwamukela imiyalo nezibusiso elingaphandle phezu cwilisa yesibili.

Bath kulokhu kuwuphawu ezingokomoya nokuzalwa kabusha goy (ongemJuda), bakhe ukuthi uhlanzekile futhi kumiswa gerom, ie ukuguqula. Lapho beqeda Twyla ugcobe wakhe igama lesiHebheru. umuntu wakhe ekhetha kusengaphambili. Ngakho kuphetha ongemJuda enkolweni yobuJuda. Ngu ukuphela kwayo umenzeli ayesanda kuluthola uthola isitifiketi beqeda ukuguqulwa.

Izizathu kungani ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle

On ke isixazululekile abantu dream ngobuqotho ukuphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho ukuthi inkolo, yonke imiyalo kaJehova uMdali futhi ukugcina isiko abantu abakhethiwe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaningi kumaJuda ngokuzalwa, hhayi imithetho yobuJuda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banayo izihlobo zamaJuda kuphela ohlangothini zoyise. Laba bantu ufuna ukubuyela nezimpande zawo phansi.

Umbuzo ka ubuzwe maqondana UbuJuda akuyona eziyisisekelo. Ukuba khona amaJuda lozalo, yebo, sizothinta omuhle, kodwa okunqumayo ngokuba Orabi usazovele ubumsulwa izinhloso.

Ukuguqulwa ebuJudeni ngoba enezizathu zobugovu, isibonelo, ngenxa umshado Israyeli noma ngenxa isifiso besikhashana ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni, kubhekwa kungamukeleki. Abantu elihlanyiswa imibono esinjalo, orabi bephoqeleka ukuba alahle ithemba noma kufezeke ukuguqula mbumbulu enkolweni yobuJuda. Kuyini futhi imaphi amandla kuyodingeka? ukuguqulwa ngamanga ebuJudeni kubhekwa uma umfakisicelo amaJuda wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke nigcine imiyalo, noma cha ekuqaleni ukwenza kubo ngemva giur futhi ngenhloso phila ngakhethi pilo baye baba farce.

Okunjalo izibonelo Orabi ozama ukugwema. Nokho, abazi zenzeka. ungumqambimanga Giyur kungenziwa nilenze eminyakeni ethile kamuva, ukuthi uzoguqula nobunzima enkulu yempilo ukuze anakekele umkhaya wakhe, ngakho udinga ukufaka ama-cabanga ukuthi ukuya enkohlisweni.

Yini okufanele akhunjulwe ngayo?

Abantu abafisa ngobuqotho nobuJuda, kumelwe uqaphele ngokucacile ukuthi indlela yabo yokuphila, ngeke ziphendukele ebuJudeni, uyoguqulwa abalulekile. Ngemva kwentando Twyla bazokwazi ukubheka behave fana amaJuda kweqiniso. ERussia, njengoba kwamanye amazwe nge namasiko ahlukile, kuphendukela kungenzeka ebhekene incomprehension phezu ingxenye umkhaya wamaKristu, noma ngisho nabantu ongabazi.

Abesilisa zikhule izintshebe futhi sidelocks ngesikhathi amathempeli. Ezindaweni zomphakathi ugqoke izigqoko (noma inqwaba isigqoko). Mayelana nemibala esimnandi e izingubo futhi abanye ingubo yokugqoka, ezifana izikhindi noma izikibha, kuyodingeka ukukhohlwa. Kuyodingeka ukuba kubekwe amasudi noma amajazi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana lwamaJuda tallit-ukushushuluza.

Abesifazane ukulahla isithende izicathulo okusezingeni eliphezulu, bagqoke nge neckline ezijulile, elikhanyayo ukwakheka kanye ngeke makudle isithombe abathobekile nezihlanzekile. abafazi abashadile bafunda amboze ikhanda nge isikhafu noma wagqoka iwigi.

NgoMgqibelo, ngo-siguqukele kumelwe uyeke umsebenzi kanye nesikhathi khulula esingakanani okufanele usichithe nezinye izinsuku benkolo abazishaya imfundo. imikhuba yokudla zishintshile. Kusukela yengulube kanye unogwaja, isibonelo, uzodinga ithawula. Futhi kuphela izibonelo ezimbalwa izinguquko yokuphila.

Hera futhi ebuJudeni

Uma bengekho thewbele kuNkulunkulu, ukuthi angafaka isikhalazo enkantolo zorabi. Nokho, kufanele azwisisa kuhle lokho afuna ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle ukuthatha: Reform, okulondoloza noma Orthodox. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuphela mithandazo wahlonishwa Israyeli njengamaKristu eqiniso.

Reform futhi okulondoloza UbuJuda Yiqiniso uphike yokuthi ezasungulwa uMdali. Torah abameleli babo - hhayi ningi than uhlobo ukuziphatha kungashintshwa ngokuhambisana izidingo zanamuhla, kuyilapho sokuqashelwa Orthodox kwendlela uNkulunkulu asungula wemiyalo kanye nokuqaliswa zabo - izimo esiyisibopho ukuguqulwa.

Amakhotho la akuzona ogunyaziwe. Izinqumo wabo angaphansi ukuhlaselwa eziningi. Hera, zinyanga giyur ashisekela izinguquko noma olandelanayo ongamukeli ukuqashelwa abantu bakwa-Israyeli. Cishe, kuyodingeka wenze uhlelo lokusebenza UbuJuda futhi, kodwa inkantolo ehlukene.

Ikhaya le-Orthodox ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle?

E-Moscow izimpikiswano ukuguqulwa usekelwe rabbinate, okuyinto iholwa Berl Lazar. Ngaphansi kobuholi uChief Rabbi Russia babeqhuba imihlangano Beit Din. Banquma isiphetho ukhetho for the Jews. ERussia kukhona kuphela ovela goy ungaguqula ibe thela agcwele futhi yamukelwe abantu bakwa-Israyeli yawo.

Yiya Central Rabbinate lomshado ngakwesokudla ukuguqulwa futhi ibhekane isiko ngeke zisebenze. Iyokwandulelwa kwenkathi ende ukuqeqeshwa. Izifundo mahhala, kodwa zivalwe. Thola kubo umuntu has a chance kuphela kwemvume izicelo Rabi sobeseduyuschego ezingaba khona. Nokho, ukuze enze aphoyintimenti ngisho simple. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ebhaliwe izincomo esinagogeni urabi emphakathini. Lesi simo kubalulekile ukuze ukusebenza.

I umbuzo ophakamayo, nendlela yokuba indoda ethile engumJuda indawo lapho esinagogeni akuyona? Kulokhu, Central Rabbinate Kunconywa ukuthuthela kwelinye idolobha. Futhi lena kuphela ekuhlolweni kokuqala endleleni eya ekubeni gerom.

Ohambeni lwakhe lokuqala ukuya esinagogeni

Nakanjani ukuthi ungumuntu oye wanquma ukuya ubona sengathi urabi, seluvele isitokwe elincane ulwazi. Wafunda okuningi ulwazi isihloko osithanda kungenzeka ngisho waqala ukufunda Torah ukufunda isiHebheru. Ngakho enza eziningi ukhetho ezingase zivele for the Jews. ERussia, kungekho ukushoda izincwadi kanye nezincwadi, ngakho self-imfundo ungenza ngamunye.

Ukuba nolwazi oluncane zenkolo yobuJuda neyalabo abazibiza isidingo esingokomoya ngoba ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo isiko lenkolo, indoda uya esinagogeni ukukhuluma ubona sengathi urabi. Ngo ingxoxo naye amaJuda ikhandidethi esizayo ngokwethembeka abelana okwamehlela. Ubona sengathi urabi, esikhundleni salokho, ingavunyelwa ukuya esinagogeni, uthandaza, ngena ku amakilasi ekhethekile Torah, ukwethula amalungu emphakathini wamaJuda. Futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba, okuholela asebenzayo, abantu bathole ulwazi kanye nolwazi, ukusungula oxhumana. Uma ubona sengathi urabi akasingabazi ubuqotho bakhe futhi intelligence uyakuninika izincomo kunesidingo.

Inkhulumo Rabi

Emva kokuthola kubo, umfakisicelo ezingaba ebuJudeni ungenza aphoyintimenti kuya Rabbinate Central. Kufanele ubuye ngesikhathi esimisiwe, futhi ugcwalise lemibuzo iDemo. Ngemva kwalokho, Ngokuzayo ikhandidethi Rabi ozokhuluma.

Isihloko senkulumo kuyoba ngokuyinhloko isizathu ukuthi wabuza lowo muntu acabange ngaleyo ukuguqula enkolweni yobuJuda. Rabi ucela eziningi imibuzo mayelana indlela yokuphila ikhandidethi, izihlobo zakhe kanye nokuxhumama imiphakathi yamaJuda, sifunde izincwadi mayelana ebuJudeni futhi izinhlelo ngekusasa.

Phendula kubo kuyiqiniso. Ubona sengathi urabi, owayelwazi kahle ezindabeni ukuguqulwa, okuqonda, futhi noma kunjalo uyofinyelela iqiniso. Njengomthetho, ngoba kunesithembiso ikhandidethi esizayo ezingxoxweni ezidlula eyodwa ukuthola ukuthi kungani esenqume ukwamukela amaJuda.

Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona ubudlelwano umkhaya wesintu. Uma ngabe umhlolwa eshadile noma nje uya uyifake, ubona sengathi urabi wamcela ukuba eze kanye pair yakhe. Ngemva giyur kuyoba kungenzeka kuphela uma wonke amalungu omndeni sizakwenza ukuba agcine amasiko wamaJuda.

Ilungiselela ziphendukele ebuJudeni, ngaphandle

Lapho Rabi wanelisa izinhloso zenzisa lomuntu, yena uyokwenza ichaze ukuze ilalelwe ikilasi. Uma umfakisicelo enomkhaya, ukuqeqeshwa kuhilela wonke amalungu alo omdala. Izingane kudingeka ukuthi khona ezikoleni zamaJuda.

Goy ekilasini uzokwazi kahle ukuhlola yobuJuda. nemiqondo eyisisekelo inkolo, ezifana kosher kanye iSabatha, kanye nemithandazo futhi imiyalo, uzobe wachazela ikhandidethi phakathi ukuqeqeshwa. Futhi ngesikhathi ke a Olwa for the ukuguqula ebuJudeni ibona hhayi kuphela ohlangothini ezincwadini inkinga.

Kumelwe ayevame ukuvakashela esinagogeni eMoscow, ukusungula kobungane nobudlelwane nge nangomphakathi wamaJuda. Akhethwe uyothatha ukusekelwa omunye imindeni engamaJuda.

Indlela Yokuphila ka ukuguqulwa umuntu ongeyena umJuda

isicelo ngezikhathi kubangele enkantolo zorabi ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izinhloso zakhe zisekhona sina.

Emhlanganweni ngamunye, le othola iziqondiso kahle hle ukuthi yiziphi nemiyalo kufanele bagcine. Ngemva kokwenza zokuphila kwamaJuda ngokugcwele ngaphambi ukuguqulwa ebuJudeni kubhekwa isono. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi ngokugcwele agcine iSabatha, ngaphambi kokwenza ukuguqula enkolweni yobuJuda. Ukuthi kuyini, achazele wothisha bakulesi izifundo nendlela ukuhambisana nayo, batusa ukuba inkantolo zorabi. Self-intando ezindabeni ezinjalo akuvumelekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba Orabi eduze ukubukela zonke lesigceme futhi uthintane njalo mayelana izindaba zakhe ngesikhathi amalungu omphakathi kanye nothisha.

Ilungiselela ikhandidethi kuthatha isilinganiso seminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Lapho ulwazi lwakhe ngokuqina, futhi ukulungele baphile umJuda ulungile, khona-ke ngokuthi umhlangano we Beit Din.

Turnout enkantolo

Kukhona ikhandidethi ne ikhadi le-ID, kanye zonke izinhlobo izincwadi zokutusa: ubona sengathi urabi esinagogeni, amalungu omphakathi kanye nomndeni elikulesi sihloko.

Inkantolo zorabi is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba beze wedwa. Plus kuyoba abantu abeze abangane zenkolo kanye nomakhelwane. Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala, kumele le mfundo womfundisi, umxhumanisi nomndeni umnakekeli. Uma ngabe umhlolwa unomfazi noma umyeni, indoda okungase kube khona noma unkosikazi, khona kwabo isibopho, ngoba bobabili kumele bakhombise ulwazi lwabo inkolo nokuzimisela gcina imiyalelo.

AbaHluleli uzokubuza imibuzo goy izingane. Nokho, uma incane kakhulu, amapulani emfundweni yakhe kufanele wabelane abazali.

Yini angacela umahluleli?

Beit Din, okuyinto iholwa Berl Lazar, ukukhipha isinqumo ngemva kokucabangela uma ikhandidethi, izincwadi zokutusa, kanye nengxoxo ngqo naye.

Imibuzo ukuthi uzocelwa yijaji ingasho umlando wamaJuda, amasiko, imithandazo, izenzakalo ezinkulu kanye nezibalo iTorah. Lapho wawa Ithempeli likaSolomoni? Indlela ukupheka inhlanzi kosher? Lapho akhulela umprofethi uMose? AmaJuda agubha Purim? Ngezinye izikhathi amajaji ucelwa ukuba amemezele amavesi womthandazo. Basics zobuJuda angabeZizwe, abathi isimo thela, kumele wazi kahle.

Ingxoxo kuyoba eside futhi olunzulu. Phakathi amajaji wakhe angase azame ukushoshozela ikhandidethi ukuthatha giyur, bakhuluma ngazo zonke ngezinto ezimbi yamaJuda. Kusinda ukuhlolwa wesicelo. Lapho abahluleli ukuthola ulwazi olwanele engxoxweni they buza ikhandidethi ukuba isikhathi basishiye. Ngemva komhlangano iDemo okuzokhishwa isinqumo ngaleso sinqumo phambi kwakhe.

isinqumo senkantolo

AbaHluleli ungenza isinqumo negative noma positive mayelana ukuguqulwa. Esimweni sokuqala, baveza izikhala kungenzeka ulwazi bese eluleka ukulinda nge isinqumo esicatshangelwe ngokucophelela ezinjalo. Umhlangano omusha izobanjelwa kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Endabeni isinqumo esihle abahluleli ikhandidethi Kumele ukhethe igama lesiHebheru. Njengomthetho, lokhu ikwenza kusengaphambili. Nokho, uma ikhandidethi ayinakho ongakhetha, ijaji ukumqhubela ezimbalwa ongakhetha kuzo, bese ukunikeza umuntu isiqondiso Brit Mila futhi twill.

owesifazane okhulelwe, pretender ukwazisa amajaji ngesikhundla sakhe njengoba giyur kuzosebenza ingane. Futhi, uma izalwe ngemva twill, kuyoba alingane isimo kumuntu, ongumJuda, kepha uma kungenjalo, khona-ke - Hera.

Hera ebuJudeni

Umbuzo othakazelisayo lowo, kodwa siyini isimo ezingxenyeni emphakathini wamaJuda? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangamalungu agcwele ke? Ukubukeka emehlweni amaJuda Hera? Esikhathini Tanach (imiBhalo) uthi amaJuda kufanele kuhambelane siguqukele ngenhlonipho, njengoba nje siyalingana Ungamcindezeli, ungabacasuli hhayi yokukhohlisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezizwe eziningi zasendulo, yaphenduka Gere waba umuntu obaluleke, okuyinto abantu nanamuhla.

Ngakho, e-Tanakh ikhuluma Ruth bakwaMowabi, zaziphatha siguqukele ebuJudeni bese uba ukhokho weNkosi uDavide. ngomfanekiso waKhe umbusi ubhekwa ekahle. Ngokusho kwenye lamaJuda, ngenxa yebala lakhe ukuza kukaMesiya, ethunyiwe nguNkulunkulu ukuba ngisindise izwe futhi alethe impumuzo ukuhlupheka kubantwana bakwa-Israyeli.

Sithathe ebuJudeni futhi Jewish uyise umsunguli we-Moshe Itro nokukaRahabi, unina yasekuqaleni zomprofethi uJeremiya noHezekeli. Indlela Tanah libonisa gerom kungabi mumbi khulu ukudlula ongakholwako umJuda. Nokho, omunye umehluko sisekhona. Inguqulela ayikwazi ukubopha ifindo nge Cohen (umpristi).

Ekuphetheni

Ngakho esiphethweni nendlela yokuba umJuda. It uhlala kuphela ukuba inqobe zonke izithiyo endleleni eya umgomo. Kodwa akufanele ukudida umuntu ababehlose ujoyine abantwana bakwa-Israyeli. ikholwa leqiniso emasangweni ngakhethi pilo ihlale ivulekile, futhi ungaqiniseka ngokuthi kuzodlula konke ukuvivinywa endleleni eya nabo udumo.