State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: incazelo

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana "Khanka" Nature Reserve. Itholakala kwi eWestern elisogwini Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky esifundeni Primorye Territory. Reserve yasungulwa ngo-1990 ukuze kuvikelwe izindawo ubusika nezinyoni yokwakha isidleke.

Beka isikhundla reserve

"Khanka" State egicna imvelo itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Territory Primorsky, phezu lweLake Khanka, eduze komngcele waseRussia-Chinese.

Ensimini ka esiqiwini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ubuswa herbaceous marsh izimfunda. Sekukonke kukhona zihlala amane nesishiyagalombili zezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ezine kuzo ngisho ezisohlwini Red Book of Russia. Bhuka "Khanka" ine indawo engaphezu kuka-39 000 amahektha. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa endaweni enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti echibini Khanka, okuyinto lizungezwe emaxhaphozini ngokwanele olunzulu aluhlaza.

emazweni Coastal Echibi Khanka marsh ocebile, edlelweni kanye ihlathi izimila, abaluleke kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi aluhlaza nezimfunda kanye emaxhaphozini. Coast ukumboza imihlanga eziningi, ama-sedge, okuxubile utshani izimfunda.

Kodwa njengoba izitshalo ihlathi, zingabantu wahlukana. Iningi lazo bagxile Luzanova egqumeni. Kuleli sayithi ukhule e-aspen, oki-Mongolian, lindens, velvet.

Umlando endaweni evikelwe

Ngo-1971 Khanka Lake futhi endaweni oluzungezile ziye waqaphela amaxhaphozi ebaluleke ngamazwe. Umqondo ekudaleni indawo evikelwe uvele ngaphambi eko kwekhulu elidlule. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1990 lapha esiqiwini "Khanka" yadalwa - abasebancane kakhulu, ngingasho ngisho ukuba kulandwe encane kunawo azungeze Primorsky Krai.

Ngo-April 1996, ohulumeni Russian futhi Chinese yasayina isivumelwano sokusungula ngesisekelo zone China sika evikelwe "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka futhi evikelwe umhlaba "Lake Khanka" reserve ngamazwe.

Ngo Inani elincane peatland izinqolobane lalihlelekile. Omunye wabo - iyona ndawo "Pine". It kwahlelwa 1965 kuze kube manje. Kukhona futhi zigcine ezinjalo, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "uMsindisi" (1962).

Mangisho ukuthi yonke le ndawo evikelwe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezinhlanu ngokuphelele ahlukanisa

1. Itulo "Pine" indawo 375 amahektha.
2. "Umfula" indawo. endaweni yaso 12.494 amahektha.
3. Itulo "Melgunovsky" indawo amahektha 300.
4. Isayithi "ixhaphozi kaDeveli". endaweni yaso 16.641 amahektha.
5. "Crane" indawo. endaweni yaso 9479 amahektha.

Isimo sezulu

Bhuka "Khanka" Itholakala zone of iziphepho sezulu. Ngoba lapha kukhona omkhulu zonyaka kanye diurnal lokushisa ukuhluka. Winter kulesi sifunda enesithwathwa kancane, futhi entwasahlobo - eyomile futhi epholile, ehlobo - yezimvula efudumele. Kuwo lo nyaka, imvula engalingani kakhulu. Inyanga enomoya konyaka January, izinga lokushisa lingase lehle ku -20 degrees. Kodwa isikhathi olufudumele - July, lapho izinga lokushisa phezu lokushisa isethwe degrees 20.

inhlabathi

Prihantiyskie emathafeni kukhona anesihlabathi ngokwemvelo. Bona akhiwa echibini inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ngobumba loam. echibini izungezwe isihlabathi phansi. On izingxenye eziphakeme kuhlala loams. Kodwa ezindaweni flat ubuswa bog nohhafu-bog inhlabathi. umkhathizwe Peat ingenkulu kakhulu - akukho kuka ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Futhi ngaphansi kuyinto ubumba, okuyinto ungqimba manzi, elibangela eyixhaphozi.

Nature reserve

Njengoba sishilo, yesibambiso zone inhloso jikelele "Khanka" Reserve -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ezimfundeni ephansi ngokulala marsh futhi ihlathi kwezimila. Coast lake yene nemihlanga sedge. Izihlahla okufakwe lapha nge nezihlahla. Phansi amagquma ungabona nezimfunda aluhlaza. Ihlathi kancane kakhulu. Songacha River ogwini lomfula ungabona amasayithi ezingavamile-oki, * umlotha izinkuni. I ogwini olungasempumalanga lweLake Khanka ukumboza broadleaf ukhula. Mangisho ukuthi izitshalo imvelo ihlanganisa 712 zezitshalo semithambo: 32 - zemithi, 43 - ezihlabayo, 3 - bok imivini, 9 - nezihlahla, 625 - izitshalo herbaceous.

Bogs ukumboza mayelana ayisikhombisa amaphesenti ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Sici sici isakhiwo yabo elula. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi, njengoba umthetho, ubuswa eyodwa noma ezimbili zezitshalo bog, okuyinto kutsetselelwe ezweni matasa kuwo. Kunezinhlobo ezine kwamaxhaphozi: sedge, umhlanga, sedge, krupnotravnye ukotini utshani-sedge.

Uma sikhuluma emaxhaphozini krupnotravnyh, bona kakhulu aqukethe kamoba, cattail irayisi zasendle, amnandi evamile. Lena esigabeni sokuqala eutrophication. Phakathi Ukususwa okwalandela ukuthuthukisa sedge, bese emhlangeni sedge emaxhaphozini, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi washintshelwa ku Umhlanga utshani izimfunda. Kuyinto ala machibi kuyizinto ezisemqoka kakhulu Waterfowl, okuyinto atholakala Ukuvikelwa nje kuphela kodwa futhi ukudla kunesidingo.

Meadows, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezimanzi, ezimanzi. Ngakho, umhlanga utshani izimfunda ukumela angaphansi kwamaphesenti omunye yonke indawo. Basuke ezibekwe ikakhulu emhlabathini exhaphozini. Oswakanyiswe kakhulu noma kabi. izitshalo alandisa - skullcap, umhlanga uzkolisty, umhlanga Langsdorf. Amakhambi ezikhulayo ubude futhi obukhulu.

Kodwa Langsdorfeynikovye izimfunda igxile phansi izimbuku. Bathola ingqikithi nambili zezitshalo. Utshani kanye utshani okuxubile izimfunda futhi akhawunti kungekho izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi izimila.

Kodwa ezimfundeni emhlangeni forb ethulwa kakade amakhambi amabili, phakathi kwabo: bentgrass, rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

izinyoni Sanctuary

Bhuka "Khanka" - ipharadesi Waterfowl nezinyoni yasemanzini. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 336 zinhlobo eqoshiwe lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe zinhlobo amphibian eziyisithupha futhi eziyisikhombisa zilwane ezihuquzelayo, kukhona owaziwa Far Eastern ufudu eNcwadini Red.

Esiqiwini kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuya zizalela nofuduko yezinkathi ezithile zezinyoni. Kule ndawo 110 zezinyoni yokwakha isidleke. Minyaka yonke kukhona mayelana 25 namabhuzu lokushutheka Cranes red-crowned, 8 ngazimbili duarskih Cranes. Inombolo ephelele uhlobo crane ngamunye kuza eyikhulu namashumi ngabanye. Ukwanda yamuva kunombolo Far Eastern storks, manje lokushutheka futhi 25 ngazimbili. Phakathi mass ku ukuthuthelwa entwasahlobo inyoni Hanke eyeka kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 500 zama-amadada, goose kanye ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi. Empeleni, kuba emehlweni Amazing. Ungacabanga ukuthi inani Amazing of izinyoni ngesikhathi esifanayo bagxila olulodwa, nakuba ichibi elikhulu.

ERussia, kuphela "Khanka" reserve isidleke Intermediate nelanda futhi Reed Parrotbill.

On the Nature Reserve eqoshiwe 69 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, 9 babo ohlwini ezisengozini. Ngo amanzi ngezizathu zidala evikelwe Plagiognathops Microlepis, perch-Auha, abamnyama Amur bream, futhi eyikati Soldatov.

emhlabeni isilwane

"Khanka" reserve, izilwane kuhluke zinhlobo ukwehluka, inama Ezehlakalweni ezingakajayeleki kakhulu. Mangisho ukuthi ensimini ka endaweni evikelwe eqoshiwe izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezingavamile ezisohlwini Red Incwadi kanye Red egwalweni Primorye isiRashiya, kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye iziqiwu. Bhuka "Khanka" oluthatha isikhundla kuqala phakathi iziqiwi we Territory Primorsky. Kulaba 112 izilwane ezingavamile yalesi sifunda 60 kutholakala esiqiwini.

Lapha bubhaliwe 45 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlu labo njalo uhlala endaweni, kuhlanganise 8 zama-ezidla izinambuzane, namagundane 12, 9 zezinyoni okuzingela, lagomorphs 2 nokukodwa nezinselo ezivulekile, esigqoke. ezincelisayo ezingavamile amelwa zinhlobo ezine. Basuke bonke ezisohlwini Incwadi Red.

Ensimini ka esiqiwini kukhona namagundane ezivamile ezifana amagundane, grey rat, Far Eastern vole, hamster Dahurian, lase-Amur Hedgehog, big Shrew elimhlophe-toothed. Ezimfundeni sebuningini Roe uhlala utshani eliphezulu. Kulezi zindawo zitholakala nje nalesi amabhere ansundu zaseHimalaya. Futhi ensimini ka zone evikelwe izilwane bukhoma ezisohlwini Red Book of Russia. Phakathi kwabo edumile ihlosi laseSiberia, futhi impisi red, ufudu Far leatherback.

Kunalabo izilwane njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile uhambe nge indawo ohlanganisa: amabhere zaseHimalaya futhi nsundu, mink, izingulube zasendle, amahlosi, izinyamazane nezimanakanaka futhi wapiti.

abantu Lasendulo

Esiqiwini esiqhingini Riabokon wathola yokupaka abantu basendulo. I uyathola bokuqala basonta Old Stone Age, akhawunti iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 15 bona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi wathola izikhumbuzo ekuseni Neolithic, ababebalelwa iminyaka 7500, kanye ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Neolithic (iminyaka 5000), emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age Iron.

Ososayensi bakholelwa Imvelo indawo eyingqayizivele lapho endaweni encane bagxila eziningi imivubukulo ephathelene ezihlukahlukene ubudala.

Lokhu lapha yindawo emangalisayo - "Khanka" Reserve. Primor kwenye has a inombolo enkulu kangaka zemivubukulo.

izindawo abahlukile ezabelweni

Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, kukhona izinto eliyingqayizivele ngokuphelele esiqiwini. Okokuqala bacabanga ukuthi lokhu umphakathi oxytrope Khanka, uhlala iCape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski futhi Pine Island.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni evikelwe sikhule (e Ilistaya esizalweni somfula) esiyingqayizivele amahlozi-lotus Komarov.

Kodwa Melgunovka esizalweni somfula inama koloni elikhulu izindwandwe eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Phakathi ukuthuthelwa entwasahlobo kule ndawo yiyona nemihlambi emikhulu izinyoni.

Riabokon esiqhingini, ogwini oluseningizimu, iyindawo kuphela esifundeni Maritime, lapho ekhula licorice blednotsvetnaya, bhalisiwe e Red Encwadi Primorye.

Uyithola kanjani kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe?

Edolobheni eliseduze esiqiwini - ke Spassk-Far. Lapha kulapho ekuphathweni agodliwe Khanka esifundeni. Itholakala 220 ukusuka Vladivostok. Kusukela kuye Spassk Far engafinyelelwa ngebhasi. Ehamba isikhathi okukodwa nje ngosuku.

Ikheli ekuphathweni: Territory Primorsky, Spassk-Far, Ershov emgwaqweni, 10.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

"Khanka" Reserve - kulandwe encane kunawo wonke esifundeni Maritime. Nokho, Lake Khanka, etholakala endaweni yayo, sekuyisikhathi eside esiqiwini ebaluleke amazwe izinyoni. Empeleni, injongo wokugodlwa cwaningo kanye nokulondolozwa zemvelo futhi izinqubo, ukubuyabuyelela kanye nokulondolozwa echibini isakhi sofuzo ka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. On isimo imvelo ezindaweni uthintekile lokuhlushwa elikhulu izitshalo ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni nezilwane. Reserve iyindawo esiyingqayizivele nge lokuhlushwa olukhulu izinyoni, okwenza kube eliyingqayizivele futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ezinyonini ezifudukayo.