Yini eye yenza isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni eRussia? Yini kangakanani imiphumela yakhe?

Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-17 (iminyaka engu-1650-1660) eRussia yesibili izinguquko ezinkulu kwenziwa, umqalisi we owawungumnyaka uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon. Inhloso Its main kwaba ukuhlanganisa amasiko emikhosini yenkolo ne canons ngesiGreki. Yini eye yenza isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni? Okokuqala, kuba nethonya elinamandla izisekelo WaseByzantium wabantu bonke emhlabeni jikelele Orthodox.

Yini eye yenza isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni?

Ngasekupheleni le 1640s kwenkosi impunga eMoscow ukuzwa ukuthi esikhathini esingeside Athos sezindela wathatha isenzo ukushiswa eMoscow izincwadi zenkolo kwathiwa zezihlubuki. Yiqiniso, leli qiniso kuyinto ngokujulile abathukuthele ngu umbusi, kodwa akakwazanga uphike yokuthi umcimbi kwaba kwakungenxa yesizathu esihle. izincwadi esontweni eMoscow namaphutha abalulekile emicikilishweni futhi kwababusi. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto wabona ukuthi yini eyabangela le isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ubudlelwane namanye amazwe ziba matasa, grekofilstvo ngokuya ezivamile. Ngisho umbusi Alexei Mikhailovich kwaba umsekeli wakhe ngobuqotho. Wayefuna ukuletha isonto Russian ngokuhambisana esiGrekini. Lesi sifiso kubangelwe isidingo sokuguquka yesonto yekhulu le-17.

Alexis futhi baphishekela zobugovu, imigomo yobugovu. Wayenethemba lokuthi ukuncishiswa Russian Church ubunye esiGrekini ukukwenza omelele uNkulunkulu emhlabeni, engasiza ekusindiseni lizwe kusukela abaseTurkey, kamuva kuyokusiza ukubusa ngokuthi iConstantinople.

Esinye isici esibalulekile kwaba nesifiso sokuzenza lezi zinto Ruthenia. Nakuba yena wayephethe sobukhosi waseConstantinople. Ngakho, umbuzo: "Yini eye yenza isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni", izinto ezifana ukhiye bungabonakala:

1. Ukusungulwa amandla phezu Little Russia.
2. Ukuqinisa isikhundla senkosi emhlabeni.
3. Ukubeka ne canons ngesiGreki imicikilisho ethile Russian.

Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke yokuhlukanisa

Ngo-February 1651 inqubomgomo yibobonke Sekuqaliswe ngemva umkhandlu omkhulu esontweni. Ngasekuqaleni emathempelini ezihlukahlukene zokukhulekela ukulandela oda ezahlukene.

• iminyaka 21.02.1653 isikhundla wethulwa esikhundleni uphawu lwesiphambano ku dvuhperstnogo trehperstnoe.
• Septhemba 1653 - avvakum waboshwa bangifake emgodini. Kamuva, wamangalelwa phakade wadingiselwa edolobheni laseSiberia Tobolsk.
• 1654 - Nikon imele ezothando izincwadi esontweni Russian kusukela ngesiGreki.
• 1656 - Isonto ngokusemthethweni walahla dvuhperstnoe uphawu lwesiphambano , nesiqalekiso ku labo abahlala bethembekile kuye.
• ngonyaka 1667-1776 - izibhelu ezweni lonke. Old Amakholwa baye bahlasela amasonto, ababaphangayo futhi wabhubhisa impahla.
• 1672 - 2700 Old Amakholwa kufanele izimisele self-immolation e Paleostrovsky sezindela.
• Januwari 6, 1681 - ukuvukela okuyinto ihlelwe avvakum Petrov.
• 1702 - Petru 1 ngemvume isimemezelo, owawuthi wayeka ngokushushiswa Amakholwa Old.

I izici eziyinhloko ekutjhugululweni

Ukuze izincwadi zenkolo ezihlobene Russia bamenywa izikhonzi waseGrisi. Umsebenzi wabo amehlo bebuka uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon. Noma yimuphi ukungavumelani umbono wakhe ogunyaziwe babethola isigwebo yokuxoshwa futhi ukususwa kusuka ukulungiswa iphutha ezincwadini. Izinguquko main abangu okuhloswe ngaso ukuletha imicikilisho Russian ngokuvumelana esiGrekini. Nikon ukucabanga ngokucacile ukuthi yini eyabangela abantu isidingo kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni futhi wafuna ukuhlanganisa zonke amasiko nemikhosi ezenzeka wonke amasonto yezwe.

Basabela kanjani abantu ukuba baguqule

Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Nikon ayevelele by inhliziyo ezinzima futhi ukuba luhlaza. Abapristi abaningi makabethelwe namaZealot wamphikisa. Ngakho, emkhandlwini ekwazi ukusithenga waklebhula kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa futhi ngisho ukushaya esidlangalaleni ababhishobhi. nezahlulelo zakhe babe categorical khulu, labo ababebanga ukuba ukucasula phakathi kwabantu.

Ngo 1667, isinqumo Grand oPhethe eMoscow Nikon wagudluzwa yakhe kokushiya ngamabomu epulpiti yakhe.