Yiziphi izizwe owakhiwe BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian Elikhulu?

WaseByzantium - engxenyeni esempumalanga balona onamandla futhi enkulu yoMbuso WaseRoma. Yasungulwa ngenxa kwesigaba waso phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-umbusi wokugcina yezwe esihlanganisiwe uTheodosius, Arcadius futhi Honorius. Ngo isiphetho ikusasa le mibuso emibili akhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa esempumalanga - WaseByzantium yathatha cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane yaseNtshonalanga Omkhulu, kuze kube ngo-1453. On kuziphi izizwe owakhiwe BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian, kungatholakala emithonjeni eminingi yamaGreki.

Ukuvela BoMbuso WaseByzantium

Eastern uMbuso waseRoma kwakuyiyona isimo eziphambili kakhulu ezitholakala kule nkathi yakhe kokubili kwezomnotho kanye ngokuya zezombusazwe. UConstantine nabamlandela bamxosha umgomo kulolo nalolo hlobo eqinisa isimo wafaka amandla ayo ezingeni ingafinyeleleki. Kwamenyezelwa ukuthi Basileus uhulumeni - kuyintando kaNkulunkulu, isho kanje iletha formula kwendlela uNkulunkulu asungula ngayo amandla ababusi baseByzantium. Yiziphi izizwe owakhiwe BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian - umbuzo ngempela sina. Lokhu sikahulumeni izimpi ezinkulu ukunqoba, futhi insimu yezwe Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe washintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngo 534, ngaphansi kwamandla WaseByzantium wangena enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, phakathi 50s Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka e emzileni Italy kanye Ostrogoths ezahlanganiswa amathonya zwe. Esikhathini 553-m uJustinian usebenzisa ukuxabana, ashaqe ingxenye yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Nokho, sihlomule babe awahlali futhi njalo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamaVisigoth, amaLombard nezinye izizwe eziningi zombuso engumakhelwane.

ukunqoba kuka uJustinian

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukusho ukuthi yini izizwe owakhiwe BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian, singakwazi kuphela ukuqagela, kodwa kule ndawo libanzi: kungenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka okuphelele mayelana ukufakwa amandla lwamaSlav, amaGreki, iningi Armenia, ama-Arabhu, amaJuda. Lokhu kuyadingeka by isimo extreme ukucindezeleka, wandise ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi wonke netinsita letikhona. Nokho, uMbusi uJustinian awuzange kubhekwe izindleko, kuzanywa ukuvula ku uhlobo WaseByzantium ababusi baseRoma kusukela ngo nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo. Konke lokhu predictably kuholele perturbation enkulu abantu, it is kulelizwe eNgophezukonke ukuthi onyakaziswa onamandla kunayo kwavukelwa emlandweni umbuso. Syria, Palestine, baseGibithe ekhokhwa izintela eqolo, ngaphezu, ngenxa yalezi nezwe elivundileyo futhi osendaweni ezibalulekile isimo unaphakade esimweni bempi kanye namaPheresiya. Kwaba njalo WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian. Nokho, Imephu yokunqoba kwakhe kubonisa ngokucacile ukunwetshwa isimo, bekungenxa oluyingozi kakhulu ngokuya setepolitiki.

INGEMUVA kuwa umbuso

Le nqubomgomo kubangela ukusabela emazweni ayesanda ayenqotshiwe, le baseByzantium, efana ababengaphambi kwabo amaRoma, ukuphinda amaphutha afanayo: enqoba insimu enkulu, abakwazanga ukulawula yayo egcwele. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "? Yini abantu owakhiwe BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngaphansi uJustinian" - Ziningi izindlela, noma yikuphi isikhathi ngenxa yokubusa kwakhe ehloselwe. Kodwa ngisho Kulokhu, lelo tulo lwamaSlav futhi aqhephukile ukuhlasela okuvela umbuso owodwa noma enye ingxenye, futhi eByzantium sase siphinde ukwenza imizamo Herculean ukunqoba izizwe imali. Nokho, uMbusi uJustinian hhayi kuphela alwa. Ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu kwaba izakhiwo, imisebenzi yobuciko kweqiniso, yayibizwa kufika isonto omangalisayo St UZandile eConstantinople, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu imisebenzi incwadi-ukushicilela wathola. Umlando yoMbuso WaseByzantium - isibonelo esicace isimo wokwakha, Art amazing, eseduze unya okungakaze despotism.