Yabantu Abaculi be-USSR. Abaculi Yabantu zase-USSR, ophilayo manje

Wadala kusukela zethusi obomvu, zegolide sesifuba uphawu skwele "Umculi eU.SSR Yabantu" unikelwa zobuciko ezivelele. Ngo-1936 isihloko sayo saqale unikelwa abaculi 14. Kuze 1991, kwakubhekwa njengento omunye imiklomelo ebaluleke kakhulu lokusungula futhi wakhonza khona njengenceku ubufakazi esemthethweni uthando lwabantu.

isihloko zokuhlonipha

Kusukela ngo-1919, abasebenzi abanamakhono kakhulu kwamasiko baklonyeliswa isihloko "Umculi Yabantu weRiphabhliki." Phakathi kwabokuqala efika abahlabeleli L. Sobinov, F. I. Shalyapin futhi umqambi A. K. Glazunov. Ukuze umculi baba "ethandwa", kwadingeka ukuba enze umnikelo ekhethekile ezindaweni ezilandelayo: umculo, cinema, yaseshashalazini, ithelevishini, isekisi, umsakazo. Isihloko sivunyiwe Central Executive Committee. Isikhundla lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha equkethwe izinto ezilandelayo:

1. It inikezwa abamele yobuciko, umsebenzi okuyinto neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko.
2. uhlu Prize ivunyelwe Ministry of Culture of the USSR iKomiti Yombuso namabhayisikobho, Radio and Television, ibhodi we-Union of cinematographer kanye Union of abaqambi.
3. Ivunywe ngu Abaculi Yabantu ye-USSR ukuthola ibheji, isitifiketi futhi ilayisensi.
4. uhlamvu ehlukile kumele igqoke ohlangothini lwesokudla kwesifuba.

Konke lokhu isihloko zokuhlonipha esikhathini kusuka 1936 kuya ku-1991, abantu 1.010 kwanikezelwa.

Kuzuzisa nakakhulu

ukwabela uhlelo kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungani ungathintani isihloko leonid Kuravlev, Andrei Mironov, umqambi Sergei Prokofiev? Abaningi abantu abaculi be-USSR baklonyeliswa isihloko kuphela kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Ivan Ivanov-Vano, Stanislav Lyudkevych. Abanye abantu abanegama zehlulekile ukuphila ngokuvumelana isihloko sosuku pristvoeniya (Rina Zelenaya, Mark Bernes). Iningi labesifazane abasebasha abathola isihloko "Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR", babe umculi Halima Nasyrova futhi Kuliash Baiseitova. Babesendleleni iminyaka angu-24. Omncane isihloko umnikazi phakathi madoda Muslim Magomayev. Kuye ngesikhathi ukulethwa kwaba 31.

Uhlu Abaculi Yabantu ye-USSR 30-yalolucwaningo

Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha umklomelo wathola abantu nane. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abaphathi PK Saksagansky kanye AA Vasadze, abadlali EP-Alexander Korchagin futhi A. A. Horava singers M. slavi-Wohlgemuth futhi K. J. Baiseitova. Umculi Yabantu Okokuqala wase-USSR - umqondisi K. S. Stanislavsky. Kanye naye bavuzwa VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, umlingisi u-IM Moskvin, umculi A. V Nezhdanova.

Ngo-1936 waba umlingisi kazwelonke V I. Kachalov. Wayengomunye nabalingisi eziholayo eMoscow Art Theatre, kudlalwa izindima 55. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Vasily Ivanovich lalibizwa Kazan Drama Theatre. Lo mlingisi waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize bezinga lokuqala, ayenakho oda futhi izindondo.

Ngo-1937 wanikwa isihloko zokuhlonipha ka actress Alle Konstantinovne Tarasovoy. Kuyinto umsebenzi wakhe waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize abahlanu, bebathathu oda of Lenin kanye izindondo. Alla kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku ubekhona kanye ukudlalwa lokwentiwako, wafundisa esebenza. Kusukela ngo-1951 kwaba umqondisi eMoscow Art Theatre, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wajoyina uMkhandlu Yabadala zale nkundla. Esikhathini kusuka 1952 kuya 1960 wayeyilungu Armed Forces of the USSR 3-5 yimihlangano.

Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky

Umqondisi wazalwa ngo-1863 eMoscow. Stanislavski kwaba umlingisi abanamakhono futhi uthisha. He qamba uhlelo odumile ukuthi isetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo 1898 K. S. Stanislavsky ibhangqwe VI Nemirovich-Danchenko wasungula eMoscow Art Theatre. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, umlingisi wathola isihloko "Umculi Yabantu wase-USSR" Order zokuhlonipha. Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky kwaba Petersburg Academy of Sciences futhi kamuva eU.SSR Academy of Sciences.

Phakathi kuka-1940 no-1949

Folk abaculi bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo lezo zibalo odumile njengoba umqhubi AM Pazovsky actress ED Turchaninova umculi Z. M. Gayday umqondisa M. I. Tsarev, nabanye abaningi. Owokugcina kubo ngo-1942, waba Umculi ahlonishwe we RSFSR, ngo-1949 - kazwelonke. Kusukela ngo-1973, M. I. Tsarev kuyinto Hero of Socialist Labour. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekhokha waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize besigaba sesibili, eU.SSR State Prize (1969), futhi ngo-1977 - Prize we RSFSR Stanislavsky. Umqondisi Omkhulu owaziwayo kanye nomdlali wamabhayisikobho abanamakhono kwadingeka imiklomelo eminingi zokuhlonipha.

Ngo-1945 wathola isihloko Umculi Yabantu elilodwa kuphela - Abrar Khidoyatov. Lo mlingisi wakwazi ukubonisa izithombe ezahlukene isiRashiya, isi-Uzbek nabaseYurophu. Kwakuyisikhathi umculi okukhulu esiphelele kahle ubuciko wedwa. State Drama Theatre e Tashkent, ubizwa ngokuthi yi yokudumisa umlingisi abanamakhono.

Abaculi Yabantu we 50s kwekhulu XX

Phakathi nale nkathi, isihloko "Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR" ithole abantu 138. Phakathi kwabo, Lyubov Petrovna Orlova, ngubani waklonyeliswa ke ngo-1950. actress Talented izinkanyezi ku movie, kudlalwa ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, yena wahlabelela kahle. Wayelethwa kabili yaklonyeliswa Stalin Prize bezinga lokuqala, yesibindi sabo nokuzinikela waklonyeliswa eziningi izindondo. L. P. Orlova kuyinto owawina umklomelo for Best Actress ngesikhathi VIII International Film Festival e Venice kulowo mdlalo ifilimu "Spring", kanye Prize Nokuthula ifilimu "Umhlangano phezu Elbe". Lo mlingisi waklonyeliswa lo Diploma ye eSoviet iKomiti Ukuthula.

Ngo-1959 wathola isihloko Abantu anothile actress Almaty Russian Drama Theatre yaqanjwa M. Lermontov - uValentina B. Kharlamov. It owavusa 130 izithombe. Phakathi nempi qembu azenzile ezibhedlela kanye empini amayunithi. UValentina B. waklonyeliswa oda, izindondo izitifiketi.

Winners ka-60

Phakathi nale nkathi, ke wethulwa umklomelo zabantu 185. Umqondisi futhi uthisha N. P. Akimov waba umculi abantu ngo-1960. Kanye naye yavuzwa abadlali V A. Orlov, AO Stepanova NA Annenkov. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uhlu Folk abaculi namagama ungeze Faina Ranevskaya, Sviatoslav Richter, Tatyana Ustinova, uBoris Pokrovsky nabanye. Ngo-1969 wathola isihloko 25 abaculi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona le Umhleli womdanso Rostislav Zakharov, actress Vija Artmane, umdansi Nina Timofeeva, clown Mikhail Rumyantsev futhi Oleg Popov, nezinye abaculi abaningi abanamakhono.

Namanje amahlaya olufanele actress emangalisayo Fainy Georgievny Ranevskoy. Inani elikhulu izindima ke Kudlalwe Mossovet yaseshashalazini. Lo mlingisi ahlonishwe umculi wase-USSR izikhathi eziningi ukhishwa izindondo zokuhlonipha, yena izikhathi eziningana yaklonyeliswa Stalin Prize. I-encyclopedia i-British "Ngubani ngubani" ivuliwe FG Ranevskaya phezulu abadlali eziyishumi oluvelele kwekhulu XX.

A umlingisi owaziwa we 60s kwaba Arkadiy Isaakovich Raykin. Umlingisi ezahlukene umqondo esiyingqayizivele amahlaya ikhono kweso ukuguqula yisiphi isithombe. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-40-yalolucwaningo Arkadiy baba umqondisi bokubeka Leningrad Okunhlobonhlobo Theatre. Ngemva kwempi, umlingisi kumafilimu ambalwa futhi idale izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Ngo-1982, i-qembu le-Leningrad Theatre ikhanda wakhe bathuthela eMoscow futhi uqambe kabusha ngokushesha "Satyricon." Arkadiy ngomsebenzi wakhe wathola imiklomelo eminingi. Ngakho, ngo-1939 waba owawina Okokuqala Zonke-Union Umncintiswano nosaziwayo.

Abaphumelele yenkathi 1970 kuya ku-1979

Ngalesi sikhathi, isihloko waklonyeliswa 239 abantu abanamakhono. Phakathi kwabo - umqambi A. novikov, Yu J. Lingis Umhleli womdanso, umlingisi K. Ird. Ngo-1979, isihloko, waklonyeliswa 25 abasebenzi yobuciko. babashayeli yayo ithole Ya. A. Voschak LN Venediktov, isekisi oyiculayo VA Volzhansky abadlali PP Kadochnikov, Yu. V. Nikulin, SN Plotnikov nabanye.

Ngo-1973 wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha avela kuye lo oculayo Muslim Magometovich Magomaev. ukusebenza kwalo sokuqala senzeka ngo-Baku, kwathi ngo-1962 wathola Okwezwe Festival of Youth and Students aphethwe e Helsinki. Ngemva konyaka wenza solo ekhonsathini yakhe yokuqala ngesikhathi Tchaikovsky Concert Hall. Ngo '31 Muslim Magomayev waklonyeliswa isihloko "Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR." Abanamakhono, elikhanyayo, nge okungavamile engasenathonya umculi ngilinqobile lonke Union. Kuze kube manje, abalandeli bakhe bazoya kusihlwa ikhumbule Muslim Magomayev.

A umlingisi abanamakhono, Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov waklonyeliswa isihloko ngo-1976. Wayengomunye wabasunguli be-Union lezinombolo waseshashalazini, kanye yaseshashalazini "Contemporary", atjengisa ngazo bona gade umqondisi kwezobuciko. Ngaphezu oyibamba umsebenzi, O. Efremov kwaba abanamakhono umqondisi iqoqo ukusebenza. Yena waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State zase-USSR, futhi kamuva - Russian State Prize. Oleg umklomelo "Isivuvu Golden", nguye owaphuma phambili umklomelo "Umuntu Yonyaka" Russian omlando womuntu Institute.

Eighties kwekhulu XX

Phakathi nale nkathi, 324 abamele ukuzibonakalisa zokudala waklonyeliswa. Kwakumelwe abalingisi, abaqondisi, isekisi abadlali, abaqambi, abahlabeleli, abadansi, babashayeli. Phakathi kwabo kukhona owaziwa Armen Borisovich Dzhigarhanyan ababedlala 250 movie izithombe hit Guinness Book of Records. Ngo-1989 wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Natalya Yurevna Durova. Lo mlingisi kusukela zisencane wasebenza isekisi, akazange ayeke umsebenzi wayo, ngisho ngesikhathi sempi. Wabhala eziningi izincwadi abadala kanye nezingane. Umnikelo wakhe waba kuyancomeka ngisho nakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho, GDR eyabiwe N. Yu. Durovoy isihloko master ukuqeqeshwa ezincelisayo zasolwandle.

Isikhathi yokugcina imiklomelo

Ngo-1990, abantu abangu-29 baba "ethandwayo 'futhi ngemva konyaka - 32 abasebenzi abanamakhono amasiko zobuciko. L. V Durov, VT Spivakov, M. M. Zapashny, Z. E. Gerdt, G. M. Vitsin nezinye abaculi abaningi baye yaklonyeliswa isihloko idatha. Umculi Kugcine USSR Yabantu - umlingisi O. I. Yankovsky (ngo-December 1991). Yena odlale kumafilimu eziningi, owavusa ngu isethi izithombe Lenkom Theatre kanye Drama Theatre emzini Saratov. Kugcine abantu umculi wase-USSR usebenze njengomahluleli owabe engumqondisi eMnyangweni ifilimu "Woza Bheka Me", okusho edala kanye ML Agranovich. Lo mlingisi ngokuphindiwe wathola umklomelo Kuhle actor emikhosini ahlukahlukene ifilimu.

Bekanye Oleg Yankovsky ngo-1991 isihloko "Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR" ukuba umdlali wathola SS Pilyavskaya. Wakhonza yeshashalazi eziningana (Mat USSR Gorky eMoscow Art Theatre kanye laseChekhov) futhi izinkanyezi ku-movie. SS Pilyavskaya ku RSFSR kwaba umculi ehloniphekile, ke yaklonyeliswa Stalin Prize besigaba sesibili, izindondo.

Abaculi Yabantu zase-USSR, ophilayo manje

Ukuze injabulo yethu, sisaphila, abaculi abaningi abanamakhono. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Azerbaijan baphile abantu abaculi amane: wopiyano Farhad Shamsi oglu Badalbeyli, umculi Fidan Ekrem-oglu kasimov, umqambi Arif Dzhangir oglu Melikov, umculi Zeynab Yahya oglu Khanlarova. Armenia - actress VK Varderesyan umqambi K. A. Orbelyan, umqhubi O. A. Chekidzhyan. Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR bahlala Belarus. Lokhu Umhleli womdanso V N. Elizarev umqambi-IM Luchenok nabanye. EGeorgia, eziyisishiyagalolunye abantu bukhoma adumile: MP Amiranashvili, NG bregvadze, LA Isakadze, G. Kancheli, R. R. Sturua nabanye.

Bangaki abantu abaculi be-USSR uhlala e-Russia manje? Lokhu abadlali abanamakhono Soviet V S. Lanovoy, EA Bystritskaya, L. K. Durov OP Tabakov, I. M. Churikova, isekisi M. M. Zapashny, O. K. Popov, iqhutshwe . T. Spivakov, umculi AB Pugacheva nabanye. abantu Ukuhlala Yabantu Abaculi be-USSR e-Ukraine - it is olwenziwa A. T. Avdievsky umculi DM Gnatyuk umculi S. M. Rotaru, actress AN Rogovtseva, ballerina TA Tayakina nabanye. Futhi abaculi ozithandayo bahlala iLatvia, iLithuania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe ayeyingxenye ye-USSR.

Ekuphetheni

Abaculi Yabantu zase-USSR, manje abahlala noma kakade gone isikhathi eside bahlale izinhliziyo abalandeli. Ukuba "abantu" kuhlale udumo lesi sihloko wafuna cishe bonke abaculi. Lesi sihloko wanikeza umnikazi walo eziningi izinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, nokwanda okuphawulekayo amaholo azo, impesheni, ithuba lokwandisa isikhala lawo lokuphumula futhi kukhona uthole dacha isimo, izaphulelo ezinkulu ngokulinaka amasevisi Umbuso indawo, yebo, ngcono izimo ngesikhathi ukudlula amakhonsathi. Kwathiwa wacabanga ukuthi isihloko okufakazela uthando abantu ukuze umlingisi. Kodwa kwakukhona abadlali nabahlabeleli angazange anikwe iyiphi imiklomelo kanye ziye waqaphela futhi ezazithandwa abantu abavamile okungenani osesikhundleni. Ngokwesibonelo, uVladimir Vysotsky, Andrei Mironov, Oleg Dal. Abaculi Yabantu ye-USSR cinema, umculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nezinye izindawo zokudala bebelokhu iyinto enkulu, bacelwa ukuba imikhosi, imihlangano nasemakhonsathini. abantu abanamakhono Ziningi abalandeli kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union nangale.