V-2 (rocket) - sverhoruzhie Third Reich

Yini legends kuphela okwamanje uya mayelana nesikhathi sokubusa kwamaNazi! Aircraft nge phambili-ishanelwe iphiko ekuphonsweni futhi "Saucers ezindizayo," top-secret ucwaningo lab Anenerbe elise cishe ngo amakhilomitha komhlaba ...

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu - the ezisungulwe evamile futhi delirium ngokukhululekile. Kodwa kunesihlahla esisodwa kuphela wemboni lapho amaJalimane gone ngempela kungaphelele - rocketry. V-2 Lwabo "impindiselo izikhali" ngempela kuye kwasusa umgoqo zobuchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi "baziswa" amandla la kweminsalo eBritish kusukela isikhali yadalwa futhi esetshenziselwa ukuhlasela London.

Umlando omfishane

Ngamunye V-2 lalifakwa eziqala iyunithi mobile ekhethekile. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu missile ngamunye, eyayintula ubude ngamamitha 14, kwaba cishe a ton of neziqhumane. Ngokokuqala ngqá lolu hlobo missile wawela phezu London ekuqaleni kuka-September 1944. Ngemva wayeshiye eziyishumi-hopper, ezintathu kwabulawa futhi 22 indoda elimele.

Ngaphambi amaJalimane wayesebenzise flying ibhomu V-1, kodwa le ndlela limelela isibonelo entsha kwezikhali. Missile indiza eya umgomo ngemizuzu emihlanu nje, lapho esebenzisa ukuthola isikhathi babe phambi kwakhe ngokuphelele engenamandla. Ngokombono zomlando umbono, V-2 umzamo yakamuva ye umkhakha ukuzivikela German sikushintshe lokho manje zempi ukuze zihambelane nabo. Umphumela 'superweapon' Second Umhlaba kwadingeka azinalo ithonya, kodwa uphawula kwibanga elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-jikelele missile futhi ukuhlola umkhathi.

kamuva oFakazi wakhumbula ukuthi yinqwaba enkulu doti ekuphumeni emoyeni, futhi konke lokhu kwakulandelwa okwesabekayo. Qalisa ezicitshwayo ngokwabo sekudlule cishe buthule: ezimweni eziningi, lesi senzakalo wawufana ukotini ukukhanya eyaphuma omunye ohlangothini Channel.

On ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezindleko ...

Bangaki abantu bafa ngenxa V-2 kwethulwa ayikaziwa, njengoba idatha efana awurekhodiwe kuphi. Kukholakala ukuthi munye kuphela eBrithani ekuhlaseleni missile wabulala abantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu. Yilokho ukukhiqizwa kuphela uqobo "Shono izikhali" uthathile ukuphila kwabantu okungenani eziyinkulungwane 20.

Rockets eyakhelwe amandla ka zasekamu lokuhlushwa. Akekho owakholwa izimpilo zawo zazisuke awubalulekile yini. Ukuya V-2 rocket eduze laseBuchenwald, umsebenzi kwaba ubusuku nemini. Ukuze zihambisane inqubo, ochwepheshe (ikakhulukazi welders futhi Turners) kwalethwa kusuka kwamanye okuhlushwa aseJalimane. Abantu babelamba, beyigcinwa aphume kwelanga phakathi bunkers komhlaba. Ngoba noma yisiphi iziboshwa iphutha walengiswa ngqo crane inhlangano imigqa.

UMdali ngalezi namarokhethi, Wernher von Braun, kuyinto wayeyisazi rocket emhlabeni mhlawumbe. ubuhlakani okubi, okushoyo von Braun neze babahlupha labo abahamba ukudala izikhali zabo, izimo lapho iziboshwa ngeshwa wasebenza futhi wafa. Nokho, ukuqashelwa sokunconywa wobuntu waba isisekelo esibalulekile oMfelandawonye emva ukuthunjwa ngemibhalo yomsebenzi ezicitshwayo wavuma ukuphakama ukuthuthukiswa German imiklamo yabo.

Okulandelayo, ukuze izinkanyezi!

Okwesikhathi yayo, injini rocket wayenamandla kakhulu: wakwazi pick it up ukuze ukuphakama mayelana 80 amakhilomitha ku uhla indiza mayelana 200 amakhilomitha. Sokuphehla amandla wahlinzwa ingxube oksijini Ethanol lobuchwepheshe. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuthi amaJalimane aqala ukusebenzisa benezincwadi oxidant (i-oksijini), okuyinto wabekwa esitsheni abagibele rocket. Lokhu kwenza kube esizimele emoyeni kuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba wakwazi ukwandisa amandla injini. Singasho ukuthi V-2 rocket kwaba inqubo yokuqala kungaba ngempela ukushiya Earth, ukufinyelela yonke.

Yiqiniso, ukuthuthukiswa kancane kule ndawo kwakukhona cishe angu-30 nenani kwekhulu elidlule. Kodwa konke elinesimo usayizi nesizotha kakhulu, inqolobane encane fuel, futhi isikhala design yabo akekho owacabanga ngisho. Ngakho, V-2, "super isikhali" ka-Third Reich, kwaba zithuthukisa yangempela ezasiza abantu bonke ukuhlola isikhala eduze-Earth.

ukuphumelela zobuchwepheshe

Kodwa ngisho lena akuyona ochwepheshe umxhwele azihlanganisa uthi. I emisha ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, okuyinto massively esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni la kweminsalo isibe ngokugcwele uhlelo ezizimele sokukhomba.

Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba fantasy Okuyınqo, ukwenza ukuthi ngempela ayengakwenza kuphela V-2! "Isikhali Super" ka-Third Reich kungenzeka hit enqotjhiweko nhlobo ngaphandle kwesidingo kokuthi amaphoyisa elunywe indlebe lisemhlabathini. Ukuze kuzuzwe ezifana imiphumela umxhwele, onjiniyela German ukusebenzisa elula (ngoba kulezi zinsuku) electronics. I "ikhompyutha uhambo" ngaphambi kokuqala ngokufaka izixhumanisi kuzinjongo futhi 'sigxile' rocket.

Okunye izixazululo lobuchwepheshe

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwase kuqala asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngokukhonza gyroscopes, okuyinto ngobuciko eside indiza esitebeleni. Handlebars ngokufanele ku stabilizers lateral ukulungiswa isiqondiso uma kwenzeka ukuthi missile aphambuka Yiqiniso isethi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokuphela kwempi eSoviet Union, i-United States naseBrithani babemagange nilidle ubuchwepheshe ngokukhiqiza V-2 (lengqondo yakhe lapho emakhasini lesi sihloko).

Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, von Braun awuzange kakhulu wafisa ukuthola ezandleni amasosha aseSoviet, zikhetha American "isiboshwa." ESoviet Union futhi wahlala cishe kulo lonke ibandla umugqa, izimo eziningana lwamarokhethi kanye abantu ambalwa izisebenzi lobuchwepheshe. ochwepheshe isiRashiya futhi American adiliza izinto imishini, eyawela emazweni abo, ngokoqobo lesihlanu. Nokho, Yankees German V-2 rocket unesithakazelo ukuze bathatha masinyane izingcezu ezimbalwa olwandle. Kukhona indlela entsha liye lasetshenziswa ukuze abanye ucwaningo eziphakeme.

Brown ukuqhubeka

E-United States wayazi ukuthi V-2 umakhi okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula ngisho yokwakha ekukhiqizeni yayo. Von Braun wayeqaphela ukuthi amaMelika ngokushesha wamnika wonke lamakhono abalulekile ukuze ukuphila okulungileyo nokufanelekile ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi okwengeziwe, kodwa ngoba ngokushesha umaluju umbimbi. Kumele sikhokhe intela Linda lo muntu; naphezu ukungabuyeli asebenzayo uhlelo sokudalwa yezikhali ezicitshwayo InterContinental, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze umsebenzi oyinhloko yomnyango yakhe igxile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo isikhala, ngoba yilokhu wayephuphe cishe kukho konke ukuphila kwami.

Ngokushesha ezicitshwayo umdali V-2 kwenza version yayo American, "Redstone". It is eqinisweni phambili emgqeni lwamarokhethi isiJalimane, amancane "yezimonyo" Ukuthuthukiswa yandiswe. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, a zibukezwa futhi kakhulu ngcono version of the "Redstone" ngo-1961, abantu baseMelika esetshenziswa ukuletha ku-orbit astronaut walo wokuqala, u-Alan Shepard.

Legacy von Braun

Ngakho, ukuze uthole ukuhlobana phakathi kwalabo ebekaphaphela ayeya abulala izinkulungwane iziboshwa zempi, futhi ngendiza yokuqala emkhathini akunzima kangako. Uma sikubeka kalula, baseMelika ithole hhayi kuphela uMdali V-2, kodwa futhi yonke intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kule ndawo. Ubuchwepheshe, okwabangela inhlekelele imithombo omkhulu, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okwakukhona izimpilo zabantu.

Uma kukhona ngempela umbuzo kuyinkimbinkimbi kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi: indlela enengqondo kwaba ukuthumela indoda emkhathini, i yokufakelwa satellite Zomhlaba wahambahamba phezu inyanga, hhayi besebenzisa lolu ubuchwepheshe, olwasungulwa ososayensi wamaNazi? Yiqiniso, iSoviet Union ne-United States kufanele entfutfukweni yabo, kodwa "usizo" laseJalimane lobuNazi bavunyelwe ugcine oluningi kakhulu isikhathi nemali. Ngokuvamile, akukho lutho okwakungakaze kwenzeke lesi sikhathi; impi nje zagxila izimboni eziningi zesayensi. Esikhathini 30-40s kwekhulu elidlule it is eziphatha ikakhulu rocket, okuyinto kuze kube yileso sikhathi wahlala cishe isakhasa.

iminikelo eyayiyinhloko ukuhlola umkhathi

Ngokuvamile, zalezo zimiso eziyisisekelo lapho bahlakulele V-1 kanye V-2, akukashintshi kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. I jikelele ukwakhiwa rocket injini uhlala ingashintshiwe, zokubasa ketshezi ukubonisa ukuthi ukhetho best, kanye izinhlelo indiza kuqiniswa futhi zisebenzise wonke gyroscopes efanayo. Konke lokhu izinqumo kanye wabeka sibonga V-2. "Isikhali ukuziphindiselela" kanye waphinde wabonisa amandla ukucabanga. Ngenxa isasetshenziswa inqubo, le ndoda yayingazimisele zihlale ziyisikhumbuzo ukuthi isayensi kufanele uqaphele lwesintu njalo.

ukusetshenziswa yesimanje

Ungacabangi ukuthi FAA namuhla ukhona kuphela izinhlobo zohulumeni izinhlelo isikhala. Cishe 15-20 edlule abanye abathanda waqala ukukhuluma ngalokho ngokushesha ukudalwa mkhathi kuyoba akubona ongoti yangasese. Namuhla, u-Eloni Musk yabonisa ukuba yiqiniso kwala mazwi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bona laba bantu abakwazi ukubala usizo zimali enamandla, akekho bakholwa yibo. Futhi nakakhulu babengeke babe ubani ukuze uthumele technology esasingenakuthemba ukwakha rocket. Ukuze uthole usizo yabuya V-2. Kwaba isikimu zalo zakha ngesisekelo mkhathi we abakhi yangasese, okuyinto uzoqala zithembiso nokunciphisa oda ekulu cosmic abasuka isimo.