Umthombo emfuleni iVolga. I izixhumanisi umthombo komfula iVolga

Ensimini ka-Russia, eYurophu eyayiyingxenye ngakho isifika omunye wemifula ngobukhulu emhlabeni. IVolga kubhekwa enkulu eYurophu. ubude bayo - ezingaphezu kuka-3.5 ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha (ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi -. ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3.7). Pool ekusakazeni aqueous ine indawo 1360 sq. M. km. Uphi soMfula iVolga? Kuyini lokhu ingxenye ukugeleza kwamanzi? Kuleli nezinye kamuva esihlokweni.

Umlando kwegama

Ngo emibhalweni abalobi basendulo, owaphila ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD (Ammianus Marcellinus futhi Klavdiya Ptolemeya ngokukhethekile), i-iVolga lalaziwa 'njengomuzi Ra ". NgeNkathi Ephakathi ukugeleza kwamanzi saziwa ngokuthi "Itil". Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama yesimanje noMfula iVolga wathola egameni lomunye lasendulo Mari kwamanzi Volgydo ( "ukukhanya").

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama livela Finno-Ugric elithi "Valkea", futhi lisho "elikhanyayo" noma "amhlophe". Ngokusho kwenye i-samuntu, igama emfuleni iVolga elisuka Bulgarian futhi livela "Bulga" - igama, ihlobene ophilayo loMfula ezizwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bona ngokwabo iVolga baseBulgaria zisebenzisa igama elithi "Itil". Nokho, abanye abalobi baphikisa ngokuthi nencazelo yegama (Itil futhi iVolga) akazange kuhambisane yesimanje. Kule ndaba, inguqulo okungenzeka kakhulu nguye umsuka igama "iVolga" livela Proto-Slavic "vologa-manzi-ezimanzi". Ngenxa yalokho, igama iphathwa ngokuthi "amanzi" noma "amanzi enkulu" (e ukugeleza isikali). Esivuna umsuka Slavic likhuluma khona emfuleni Wilga Poland kanye Czech Republic - Vlga.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Lo mgodi cishe ingxenye yesithathu ingxenye European yeRussia. Lolo hide luqala ngo entshonalanga Ephakathi the Valdai Hills ukuba Urals empumalanga. Main okuphakelayo ingxenye abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo emthonjeni ukuze Kazan noN Novgorod elise ehlathini, maphakathi (phakathi) okuyingxenye (ukuze Saratov futhi Samara) - e asemaqeleni kanye part- aphansi e asemaqeleni ezindaweni (ukuze Volgograd). izigaba Wik ku-semi ehlane endaweni. Wamukele ngokwahlukana kwamanzi zibe izingxenye ezintathu. Indawo emthonjeni ukuze umlomo emfuleni Oka - elingenhla iVolga, kusukela confluence eMfuleni Oka ukuba umlomo Kama - esimaphakathi kusukela confluence we Kama emlonyeni - Lower iVolga.

Ukuqala Yiqiniso

I izixhumanisi umthombo komfula iVolga: 57 ° 15`07`` nge. w. futhi ngezinye 32 ° 28`24``. d. Umsuka emzaneni uyangenelela Volgoverkhovye. Umthombo we iVolga - ukusakaza ehlanzekile ugeleza of ixhaphozi. Kuyinto lapha uqala ukuba kugeleze amanzi ukugeleza elikhulu ingxenye European yeRussia. Ngesikhathi phuzu lapho soMfula iVolga, ezakhiwe phezu kwezingodo, indlu lokhuni. Phansi usike isikhungo encane "ifasitela". Itholakala ngqo phezulu kakhulu umthombo, futhi ungakwazi ngisho Ketha up amanzi kuwo.

incazelo

Umthombo emfuleni iVolga kunqoba kolwandle ukuba 229 amamitha. Kuleli qophelo setha ethempelini. Futhi etholakala lapha, futhi ibhuloho kuqala. Ubude le "owela" - amamitha amathathu. Ukuba emthonjeni, ungakwazi kalula sokuwelela komunye osebeni omkhulu noMfula iVolga ngakolunye. Okulandelayo kusukela ekuqaleni yezifundo ithatha edamini kuqala. Yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, nunnery bese senza. Kancane kwalokho. amakhilomitha amathathu, umfula ugeleza khona phakathi Verkhita Encane (amanzi emachibini), bese - Big Verkhita. Ngaphezu kwalokho amakhilomitha eziyisishiyagalombili ekusakazeni aqueous ayozithola echibini. Sterzh. River ne amandla sidlula echibini futhi akusho uhlanganise nalo. Abantu bakule ndawo ngisho bathi ngosuku olucwathile loyibona ngisho indlela pass amanzi ngokusebenzisa ebusweni Sterzh.

phezulu ingxenye

Kufanele ukuthi umthombo komfula iVolga akazange ihluke deepwater. Ngo-1843, unyaka esizeni edamini Yakhiwa emva Upper iVolga amachibi. Verhnevolzhskiy beyshlot ihloselwe ukulondoloza emanzini ongaphakeme ukujula imikhumbi kanye yokunqanda amanzi.

Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala enkulu umthombo iVolga kuyinto Rzhev. Phakathi Rybinsk futhi Tver wadala amadamu amaningi: Ivankovskoe (owaziwa nangokuthi uLwandle eMoscow) nge HPP futhi edamini at Dubna, Uglich futhi Rybinsk. Isigaba kusukela Ribinsk ukuba Yaroslavl eminye ngezansi Kostroma, umfula ukugeleza sidlula isigodi esincane esiphakathi amabhange okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lapha, ukusakaza amanzi ephambana Gallychyna-Chuhlomskuyu futhi Uglichskaya Danilov egqumeni.

Ngokulandelayo, umfula ugeleza khona kanye emathafeni futhi Balakhninskye Unzhensky. ephakeme kancane ngesikhathi Gorodets Nizhny Novgorod ngoba ngodonga off edamini. Kulesi esiteshini lo mfula wakha Nizhegorodskoye kwesigubhu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke nemingenela phezulu ukugeleza kwamanzi ezibhekwa Unzha, Kotorosl, Sheksna, Mologa Tvertsa, futhi Nadir Selizharovka. Ngezansi ungabona esitfombeni, yini umthombo komfula iVolga kumephu.

Ephakathi futhi izingxenye aphansi

Ibhange kwesokunxele ephansi, kwesokudla - okusezingeni eliphezulu. Budebuduze Cheboksary Cheboksary amandla plant lakhiwa. Ukugeleza Ngokwesilinganiso, esezansi confluence lomfula Oka kuba abami kahle ngoba iVolga. Ukusakaza Amanzi agelezela ngasemngceleni esenyakatho iVolga izinkalo. On sifinyelela phakathi nemingenela ngobukhulu ezibhekwa Sviyaga, Vetluga, Sura and Oka. Ngemva confluence Kama iVolga iba ekusakazeni enamandla. Lapha, sifinyelela ephansi, edamini elise Hydropower Zhiguli, nangaphezulu iyona Kuibyshev kwesigubhu. Eduze nedolobha Balakovo, Saratov edamini emifula eyakhelwe.

Umthombo emfuleni iVolga. zokungcebeleka

Budebuduze indawo lapho iqala ukuba makhaza, zitholakala esontweni endala esigodlweni. Umthombo emfuleni iVolga nayo ekuqaleni angu endleleni semvelo. Abahamba ngezinyawo endleleni ligijima izindawo amahle ise Valdai Hills.

Isinqumo Alexei Mikhailovich e 1649, unyaka besilisa Volgoverkhovsky Spaso-Preobrazhensky sezindela yasungulwa. Kepha ngokushesha zahileleka sokunganakwa, unomphela, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, zonke zishiswe. Ngemva kwalokho, izindela owakhonza khona, bathuthela Nilov ezingwadule. Isixazululo jikelele izakhamizi yamadolobha iVolga eseduze, efuna ukwazi ukubaluleka esingokomoya esihlanganisa ayenayo ngabo umthombo komfula iVolga, iqale ngo iminikelo evela kokwakhiwa kwethempeli e. Volgoverkhovye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njalo ngonyaka ngo-May 29 umthombo komfula iVolga nowahlukaniselwa ukuba imemori kwalo mcimbi. Budebuduze esizoqala kuso ukubala emzaneni Raven has a ipulazi evumelekile.

Kanjani ukuze uthole ekuqaleni Yiqiniso?

Ukushiya eMoscow, emgwaqeni. Yasemaphandleni Ostashkov kufanele ufake, ukufinyelela umgwaqo isiyingi bese uya kwesobunxele emgwaqeni. Guards. Kancane engakafiki esiteshini, futhi livela a motion isiyingi, phambi okufanele emgwaqeni. Zaslonova jikela ngakwesokudla. Okulandelayo udinga ukuya empambana-T-ukuma lapho ufuna ukuba ubalekele kwesobunxele ukushiya. Ngemva kwalokho kufanele uthole kusuka Ostashkov up. Svapusche lapho udinga ukuba uphawu eya ajikele kwesokunxele ohlangothini d. Volgoverkhovye. Ngemva cishe ikhilomitha iqala emgwaqeni owubhuqu nangemva 10 km echibini ngeke Sterzh. Umgwaqo uphendukela ilungelo, ubheke ehlathini. Ngemva komunye amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili kude, ukuhamba Raven, uzobona Volgoverkhovye.