Umgwaqo owubhuqu. imigwaqo Russia

abaningi ezicini isimo incike ngezinga yentuthuko imigwaqo, ezifana ukuchuma yezwe, ukuzivikela yayo ikhono, nokuningi. Ngeshwa, emgwaqweni omkhulu Russian nje ezingalindelekile, kufanele ubuyele eceleni komgwaqo futhi ikhanda kakhulu emaphandleni ngangokunokwenzeka ukubhekana lo mkhuba umgwaqo owubhuqu.

Phakathi imiphakathi eminingi izindlela ezinjalo ibonakala etholakalayo, kodwa ukuzisebenzisa cishe kungenakwenzeka. On kwenziwa ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela imigodi emikhulu, izikhisi ezinkulu, ahlangabezana okuqinile, kanye nothuli oluningi flying kusukela ngaphansi amasondo emotweni kuzo zonke izindawo. Nakuba nokuvuselelwa kwemigwaqo eRussia Kwenziwa unyaka ngamunye, akunakwenzeka ukuba simelane ngokugcwele izici elimazayo ezibhubhisa komzila womgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi Russian ukwazi kusengaphambili lokho ongase uhlangabezane nazo emigwaqweni emikhulu Russian.

Umlando kwengqalasizinda yomgwaqo

Ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye, lapho isimo Russian lasendulo uJesu wazalwa imigwaqo eminingi yayimincane, emifuleni, ngakho iningi nemizana yayakhiwa izindwani. Ehlobo, bebhukuda emanzini, futhi ebusika isihlibhi baqhubekela.

Khona-ke, lapho ngekhulu nanhlanu, ekusungulweni isimo esisodwa endaweni eyodwa, amandla aso eqala ukucabanga mayelana nokudala ikheli Yamskoy. Ngakho waqala ukwakha imigwaqo yeRussia, bese isimo sazo kwaba yini ukuba necala ngokukhethekile kuleli kheli le-esemthethweni.

Phakathi nokubusa uCatherine II icala umgwaqo sesiqale unamathisele ukubaluleka ethile ebalulekile esizweni. Ukuze wakhe kwemigwaqo ubudala seyiholele usesimweni esihle, futhi esifundeni ngasinye ithimba eliyisipesheli yabuthelwa, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukubukela phezu ukuphepha simemezelo traffic.

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye waqala ukuthuthukiswa wesitimela zokuthutha, imigwaqo nokungcola izindlela baba zincane isimo. Kodwa ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, sibonga ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha umkhakha futhi ukuvela imoto yokuqala, isimo sengqondo iziphathimandla ukuba imigwaqo ishintshile kakhulu. Njengoba sasingekho isizathu uxhaso efanele, ikhwalithi imigwaqo Russian wahlala esidabukisayo.

Uhlelo enkulu ukulungiswa nokwakhiwa umgwaqo ovulekile Kuye kwahlelwa for the forties kwekhulu lama-20, kodwa izinhlelo ezinjalo ezinkulu ukuvimbela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngemva kokuphela kwempi, kwatholakala owabhubhisa ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalolunye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha kwengqalasizinda yomgwaqo, ngakho-ke sasingekho umbuzo mayelana nendlela ukubuyisela imigwaqo ubudala, hhayi ukwakha emisha.

Khona-ke ukwakhiwa ijubane okukhulu okuqhubekayo yoma, kodwa, ngeshwa, izikhungo namanje abaningi lesifunda ungazange kwakuhlangene imizi lesifunda kwavula.

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, nakuba isimo imigwaqo kanye kungcono kakhulu, nokho, ngokusho kongoti, ubude ingqikithi inethiwekhi imoto emgwaqweni awufiki ezingeni abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 amakhilomitha, okwakuyoholela bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho isimo.

Ukwahlukanisa nesigaba

Eya e-Russia, njengoba, isimiso, futhi kwelinye izwe, izinga ezahlukene komzila womgwaqo nobude, ngakho imigwaqo Ulandela amakilasi:

• Motorway (osebenza ku esigabeni sokuqala, has imizila emine, isivinini imoto ka 130-150 km / h);

• Indlela evamile (endabeni ezigabeni ezahlukene kanye nezinombolo ezahlukene imivimbo, ukuhamba esiphezulu umshini kwi ingxenye yomgwaqo hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-100 km / h);

• Speedway.

Ngo atlases namamephu esigabeni enjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola, ngakho kungcono ukwazi wokugubha, ehlanganisa izinhlamvu nezinombolo. incwadi-Drive ikwenza kucace ukuthi iyiphi indlela umshayeli ihlobene:

• E - idatha umzila izindlela ziyingxenye ebalulekile bokuthunyelwe umgwaqo jikelele European, coinciding nezigaba ezithile emikhulu sikahulumeni.

• AN - ke kusho ukuthi onguthelawayeka kungokwalabo imigwaqo Asian.

• M - kuyinto endleleni Umthambo federal yokuxhuma phakathi izikhungo ezinkulu lesifunda kanye nemizi.

• P - othelawayeka okuyizinto nemizana oxhumene amagugu zokuphatha.

• Futhi - ke eya ebaluleke lesifunda ezingenakho siqu umzila wabo ngqo inhlokodolobha Russian.

• K - nezinye emikhulu, ikakhulukazi endleleni izwe noma primer.

• N - uxhumano umgwaqo wendawo noma inter-kamasipala.

Yiqiniso, kungcono kakhulu ukwakha uhambo lwakho othelawayeka esigabeni eliphakeme, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi wayenomuzwa iyinde, kodwa ephephile futhi ngokunethezeka.

Kuyini indlela ukungcola?

Lawa eya ezinhlangothini, ehlanganisa kuphela ngezinto zemvelo futhi yemvelo: isihlabathi, ubumba, inhlabathi Stony, Turf nezinye ngezizathu eziningi ezinjalo. Ukungcola umgwaqo ezimfanelweni futhi izakhiwo ezihlobene esigabeni yesihlanu futhi ayinaso eqinile.

Phakathi nemvula kanye snowmelt, izindlela ezinjalo azizifanelekeli ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa futhi imoto kuso okuqinisekisiwe hhayi ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba. Kuyinto nephephile ukubaxhaphaza at frost kuqala, uma kungekho iqhwa ngaphezulu, noma lapho komile.

Umgwaqo owubhuqu kuyinto lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ngcono (kumakwe kumephu nemida emibili parallel ophuzi);

• zasendle (e-Atlas ine uhlobo umugqa ephukile);

• Izwe Road (ibalazwe okwaboniswa Amabha okuqinile).

primer ukwakhiwa

Lolu hlobo komzila womgwaqo kungenziwa ngezandla zakhe, isibonelo, esimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukuba lula travel yakho ukuze izwe noma kwezinye izindawo zasemakhaya. Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo enhlabathini zemvelo uvezwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Vuvuzela Road ukulandelela amalahle slag ungqimba okuzoba ecishe ilingane 5-10 cm. Kulokhu, indlela seyomile ngokushesha futhi cishe akhiwa kungekho amaxhaphozi. le nqubo kufanele liphindwe emva kweminyaka emithathu wokusebenza.

2. Sebenzisa izitini nge asphalt imvuthuluka. Lokhu umgwaqo owubhuqu ongamelana ngisho snowmelt spring ingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemine ayichitha.

3. Ukubeka ugandaganda imvuthu asphalt Dornit Indwangu kabani konga 150 g / m ^2. Le ndlela - ikhwalithi esheshayo futhi.

Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yalolu hlobo akuyona ebiza kakhulu, kodwa sidinga njalo nokugcinwa ezinengilazi zisesimweni esihle.

umsebenzi wokulungisa izindwangu phansi

Ngo ukusebenza kwe-wheel bedle ezihlukahlukene izimoto, izimo zezulu, ngenxa lemali elikhulu kwezulu, izinga lokushisa engazinzile futhi ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinto zonke onguthelawayeka ngothi bafake futhi ngingene unsuitability. Ngakho-ke, luthi alufane primer kudinga ehlelekile sokubuyiselwa nokugcinwa kwemigwaqo. Lokhu kungabuye kwenziwe ngezindlela eziningana.

Kulungiswe imigwaqo kusho ngokwayo, okuyinto izovalwa futhi ezinye izindawo zabo ezinkulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngokuphelele namanje nokudweba.

Ngezinye zamanje emifanekisweni yonyaka ibanga ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukusika izinto zemvelo egama futhi ukuthuthela khona kuze endleleni by.

primer okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuze umtshina uhlaliseke kangcono endleleni emigwaqweni emizaneni ukudala izindlela uhlobo endleleni engasindi. Ekuqaleni, lokhu sasicwengwa ingxenye esebenzayo komgwaqo kusukela izintuli nokungcola, bese camera exutshwe nomunye inhlabathi, amatshe impahla kanye binders nge izithasiselo ezahlukene.

Alugcinanga ngokuthuthukisa imendo yakhona livikela kakhulu ngokonakalisa nezici ezihlukahlukene, isikhathi ukwakhiwa zabo besebenzisa ubuncane izindlela.

iziza eziyinkimbinkimbi

abashayeli Russian ziye zakhomba lezimanga ezinkulu eziningana zilindele kubo ku ewubhuqu.

Eyokuqala wabo - lokhu entwasahlobo imigwaqo. Kulokhu, luthi alufane primer sifana ixhaphozi. Ukungcola kungaba ngokuphelele amaphuzu zizivikele, okwenza isondo bushelelezi futhi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezifana, udinga ukuhambisa ngokuqinile kanye kukhwelana bese uyazama ngoba kalula esiphezulu imoto.

Eyesibili ukumangala - kuyinto isihlabathi ezingalindelekile. Kuleso simo, uma sesomile, umshini kungaba ngaphansi isisindo sayo engena shí simbe ke. Uma ezimanzi isihlabathi enamathela, singanqotshwa ngokushesha, kodwa okudingeka ukwenze ngendlela ngokucophelela futhi ugxumele amagquma viscous.

ezibonakala amaxhaphozi encane emigwaqweni kungaba isithiyo ethile, kodwa noma kunjalo ngezinye izikhathi ukufihla eziningi izingibe. Uma ungeke ukwazi ngizifice, kungcono ukungena ekhemisi athenge ukuphuma emotweni ukuze ukuhlola kwe-induku ukujula.

umgwaqo izwe

Lokhu roadbed elincane phakathi nemizana camera njengoba inhlabathi zemvelo. Kuyinto efanelekayo ukuhamba izimoto ezinamasondo, kodwa, njengoba lo mgwaqo ayinakho ezinengilazi kanzima ngaphansi uma isimo sezulu sisibi, kuba lungafanelekile ngokuphelele travel.

Lokhu endleleni iyona engamukeleki kakhulu ukusetshenziswa izimoto zayo - ukushayela kuso, ikakhulukazi kwentwasahlobo, okhuthele imoto abathanda ukuncoma isondo imoto ukugqoka wesifunda ekhethekile.

Ikhwalithi Ukusabalala emgwaqweni Russian Federation

Ngo-2012, izazi kwakunezilinganiso ebanjelwe eDavos Forum kanye nombiko wonyaka leyo esikalini emigwaqweni eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngo inhlelo yamasu abo, yasetshenziselwa layinkhotsa ukuziphilisa, lapho 1 - yisimo esibi kakhulu kwesike sabonakala, futhi 7 - esihle. Russia lithole kulolu cwaningo, esisemthethweni amaphuzu abo amathathu. sibalo ongaphakeme bámukela imigwaqo Russian ngenxa izinga layo egculisayo futhi lokhu bonke, abanye izindlela eziwubhuqu ngeke isetshenziswe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo isizini. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, lezi zibalo ziyingxenye akumangazi.

Kungani Russia emigwaqweni emibi?

Ngokwejwayelekile kwamukelekile ukuthi igridi isimo komgwaqo ubukeka ngakho ngenxa isimo esibi namazinga yisikhathi futhi ubuchwepheshe kuleli zwe. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze kwakhiwe linqoba sezwe okungekuhle, ngakho ngisho ukulungisa umgwaqo ezimweni ezinjalo ngeke kube nzima.

Ezindaweni ezinjalo Russia njengoba Karelia futhi Far North izifunda inqubo ukwakhiwa nzima izinga lokushisa ongaphakeme, ngakho-ke sidinga amandla amaningi, okuyinto ngenxa kuholela ukunyuka kwezinga izindleko umgwaqo. Umphumela uba ukuthi semali amahlamvu ngaphandle izindlu nokufakelwa simelane nezimo zemvelo ezingezinhle.

Ingakanani okuqukethwe umgandayo?

Isabelomali in ruble 2016 bhiliyoni 554 sabekwa, zazo 130 uzoya kabusha kanye nokuvuselelwa kwemigwaqo yesifunda futhi 65 - ukuze kwakhiwe ibhuloho Kerch. Izigidi asele uzobe esichithwa nokugcinwa nokulungiswa othelawayeka sikahulumeni. Umbiko uqhuba uthi zakamuva, ukuvuselelwa ikhilomitha elilodwa ka endleleni e izindleko isilinganiso ruble ayizigidi ezingu 28, kanye nokwakhiwa - ruble ayizigidi ezingu 133. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa isibalo isiminyaminya kulezi zindawo.

ngamahlelo karhulumende

Ministry of Transport umemezele ukuthi kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo ihlele ususe zonke sebhuqu ngokhonkolo. Lokhu ukwakhiwa sifaka imali ruble 1.8 trillion. Futhi, isimiso esinjalo kufanele indawo noma kabusha amabhuloho amathathu nanhlanu overpasses.

Esimweni ukuthi izinhlelo yamemezela azogcwaliseka-ke, ngokusho kongoti, kuyonciphisa inani izingozi futhi umthamo komgwaqo. Futhi nje, okuyixazululayo yezinkinga ezinkulu abashayeli.