Pavlovsk - St Petersburg - indlela ukuze uthole esitimeleni

Kutholwe eduze edolobheni-iqhawe Petersburg Pavlovsk - iyingxenye ebalulekile emlandweni enhlokodolobha enyakatho. abameleli Abaningi Russian lwamakhosi imperial bahlala kuwo. Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk, Saint-Petersburg - ifotho kweminye yale mizi edume ethulwa ekhasini. Umlando wabo kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesikhombisa. Futhi manje endaweni suburban yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho kuba yezakhiwo esigodlweni futhi epaki eziyinkimbinkimbi, Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk". Petersburg lihlotshaniswa Museum of amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela emkhakheni nakumasiko yeRussia. Maphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi iyona Pavlovsk Palace, yangaphambili kuyo ehlobo uMbusi uPawulu I.

Pavlovsk, umlando idolobha

City Pavlovsk Saint Petersburg abagibeli kuphela amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka Tsarskoye Selo, indawo ezungeze flat, nge amagquma encane ugingqe. Phakathi kwamagquma amanga echibini, endaweni yamahlathi isetshenzwe zikhule. Slavyanka River, okuyinto agelezela iNeva, kwaba nengxabano ezengeziwe esivuna amabhukhimakhi edolobheni, ngalezo zinsuku ukuthola abantwana amanzi emfuleni lihlanzekile futhi efanelekayo izidingo labantu. Ngakho indawo sikhethwe ukwakhiwa emzini Pavlovsk. Petersburg - kumuntu umbusi-jikelele - asekela lo msebenzi, futhi baqala ukwakha.

Pavlovskaya Sloboda lwalwakheka nge ezitaladini iqonde futhi ugcwale lyudom yizikhonzi, izinceku, ababazi kanye abalimi - bonke abantu, abantu abangaba ngu-300 nhlangothi zombili Slavyanka. Kube wakha isonto itshe of St Mary, isikole khulula izingane kanye egcekeni elikhulu esitebeleni.

zokungcebeleka

Paul Fortress, izinqaba ezidumile, enezinqaba agugile kusukela ngempi nge abaseSweden, ibuyiselwe uPawulu mina ngokuqeqeshwa lempi izinduna zamabutho empi, ngubani e inqaba wahlala. Kwakukhona emabhalekisini lamasosha. NgangikuMoya Pavlovsk nekhaya ngoba ekhubazekile Marine Corps of Russia nge izihlalo 30, okuyinto ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana isimemezelo sasebukhosini.

Wayengummeli esibhedlela yokunikela abantu abavamile imibhede engu-26 - kwabesifazane labesilisa, ukwelashwa mahhala. Futhi ekugcineni, isibhedlela samasosha esebenza nge izihlalo 40, okuyinto njalo evakashele uPawulu I.

Lokhu okwakuseduze layo umuzi isifundazwe Pavlovsk, Saint-Petersburg ngasekupheleni 18 leminyaka th, phakathi nokubusa Prince Paul Petrovich.

abaklami

Isigodlo nepaki Ensemble "Pavlovsk" Yakhiwa ekuqa- namakhulu eminyaka 18 nele-19, futhi manje enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu landscape amapaki eYurophu. Pavlovsk IHlalankosi eduze kwepaki eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwa ngesikhathi iminyaka engu-50 ukwakhiwa iqhaza abaklami izizukulwane ezintathu: Carlo Rossi, umakhi Russian Lokudabuka isiNtaliyane, Dzhakomo Kvarengi, umakhi isiNtaliyane, umlandeli isitayela Palladian bokwakha, Vincenzo Brenna, umdwebi-Italian yomhlobiso lathumela, uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Scottish Charles Cameron no-Andreya Voronikhin, wezakhiwo isiRashiya, umlandeli classicism, omunye wabasunguli be-Empire Russian.

isakhiwo

Conservation Park Pavlovsk wayelulele esigodini eMfuleni Slavyanka, kuwo womabili amabhange yayo endaweni amahektheli angu-600. Pavlovsk landscape ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziyisithupha:

• Central District.
• "Inkanyezi Omkhulu".
• Yangasekhaya "Old Sylvia."
• "Sylvia okusha", isifunda angomakhelwane.
• "Nemikhosi Field".
• "Birch okusha."

izigaba ukwakhiwa

Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa lwesigodlo kwepaki kwaqala ngo-1782 ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi umakhi Charles Cameron esikhundleni emakamelweni lokhuni Paullust. Ekuqaleni, esigodlweni kuyinto izigodi ezivamile omuhle izakhiwo kwenjongo kwezomnotho kanye epaki elincane elithe. Nokho, uPawulu mina, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, wakha eziyinkimbinkimbi esigodlweni, umakhi akazange avumelane Cameron ngezinga epaki kanye nesigodlo ngokwaso, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wafuna Ubukhulu esithé ukuphakama. Futhi Cameron, emva izingxabano eziningi ngisho kungqubuzana indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi kwadingeka ngishintshe indlela yayo futhi andise insimu yokwakha. Ekwindla ka-1782 uye wama isakhiwo main lwesigodlo eyaphothulwa futhi ohlangothini zemibukiso.

Wekugcina yokuhlala zombusi

Ngokushesha ngemva wokugcotshwa uPawulu mina wokubusa (e 1796) esanda kwenziwa umbusi luhlelwe zisishintshe ngokuphelele isimo isigodlo sabo ehlobo, ukukhulisa zako futhi kuhlomisa ezizungezile ngokuvumelana izimfashini zamuva European. Gada iphrojekthi olusha waphathiswa wezakhiwo Vincenzo Brenna. Eminyakeni emine ezayo Pavlovsky sigodlo sasibhekwa kabusha ngokuphelele.

Lesi sigodlo entsha kwaku Chancery bobukhosi, futhi komyalo wakhe wokuqala koMbusi enamathiselwe edolobhaneni eliseduze Pavlovsk - Fedorovsky Posad, Tyarlevo, Red Village futhi Lipica izwe futhi abalimi. Umuzi wathola umyalo wombusi zikahulumeni lomuzi, eliholwa kunsumpa abakhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, esigodlweni waqala reception nokuceba amabhola. Nokho, i-emperor akazange ukuphatha ukuhlala kwakhe kuyo ehlobo, Mashi 12, 1801 wabulawa uzungu.

Pavlovsk ngemuva kwekutsi Pawula mina

Ngemva kokufa koMbusi uPawulu mina , kusho umfelokazi wakhe Maria Feodorovna wahlala Pavlovsk. Kuyo yonke le minyaka 27 yokubusa yayo edolobheni futhi epaki, ikakhulukazi Palace ingadi Botanical, bafinyelela inani eliphakeme engakaze ibonwe. Lapho iNdlovukazi washona ngo 1828, Pavlovsk lashabalala njengoba esigodlweni. UMkhandludolobha wakhe yaphenduka fiefdom we nomfowethu omncane Nicholas mina, iNkosana Mikhail Pavlovich, okuyinto Radel for ukuchuma Pavlovsk, omnikeza iziza azungeze umuzi lokwakha amakota, a lot of ukunakwa ngcono kwemigwaqo. Lapho Mikhail Petrovich uvele esiza abantulayo ekhaya lezintandane khulula esikoleni samabanga aphansi.

ujantshi

City Pavlovsk futhi Tsarskoye Selo e 1836 wajoyina ngowokuqala Russian ujantshi obuphelele amakhilomitha ambalwa nje, kodwa ukubaluleka kwako kwakufana mlando. Okokuqala "ucezu yensimbi" kwaba zamahhashi, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho abe eseqala ukuya abahamba izitimela zamalahle. Uhambo babe ukuzijabulisa khulula. Ukuze izitimela eyakhelwe Pavlovsk Station, okuyinto kamuva yaphenduka indawo umculo isibe indawo esezingeni lomhlaba amakhonsathi. Wayeqhuba womculo Iogann Shtraus. Ujantshi Yakha, futhi ekwindla ka-1837 isitimela ulilethele abagibeli kusukela Petersburg.

Petersburg - Pavlovsk, noma Pavlovsk - Petersburg ... kanjani ukuze baye khona? Lo mbuzo ngokushesha walahlekelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo ne Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwalo jantshi. City yokuhlala tsars Russian kancane kancane sashintsha saba likaPondo imfashini izakhamuzi ehlobo Petersburg. Ngesikhashana nje imizamo Duke Mikhail Pavlovich uvele edolobheni: yaseshashalazini, e-Observatory Meteorological, i gallery yobuciko umtapo wezincwadi womphakathi.

Ngo-1902, yayakhiwe omunye kujantshi, ku-Vindava Rybinsk isiqondiso, eyaqala ngo-Tsarskoye Selo e ujantshi ukuze Tyarlevo nokusuka Tyarlevo ukuze Petersburg. Ngokushesha cishe yonke nezazi Petersburg waqala ukuhamba ubone Pavlovsk kanye Cottages izindleko ku osebeni Slavyanka. Ngo 1874, uhulumeni idolobha ikhiphe 323 izimvume for ukwakhiwa amakhaya iholide.

Pavlovsk Isigodlo: Kwezikhathi ukwakhiwa

Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-May 25, 1782, lapho itshe kwase kubekwe isisekelo phezu IHlalankosi.

• Unyaka 1783 - uqedele kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu.
• Unyaka 1785 - umbhoshongo yakhiwe igalari izindlu kanye nokusebenzisa ihhovisi.
• Unyaka 1787 - igcwaliswe umhlobiso umnyuziki emakamelweni kwangaphakathi lwesigodlo.
• Unyaka 1796 - wokugcotshwa uPawulu mina, ukulungiswa esigodlweni soMbusi reception.
• Unyaka 1800 - esigodlweni kabusha ngokuphelele.
• Unyaka 1801 - lokubulala uPawulu mina ngenxa uzungu zezombusazwe.
• Unyaka 1803 - umlilo owabhubhisa ingxenye IHlalankosi.
• Unyaka 1805 - ekupheleni nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva emva umlilo.
• Unyaka 1808 - ukudalwa wezakhiwo Voronikhin ngobuciko umhlobiso ingaphakathi ngokuthi "ihhovisi-lantern", Dome semi Rotunda, ehlotshiswe caryatids yi umqophi Demut-Malinovsky.
• Unyaka 1824 - kuphelile ukwakhiwa kwalesi Pavlovsk Palace Library.
• Unyaka 1872 - phakathi egcekeni kuyinto lesikhumbuzo-ayisikhumbuzo "uPawulu mina".
• Iminyaka 1942 - 1944 - epaki futhi zesigodlo endaweni Pavlovsk Petersburg lwabhidlika ngu air kuphangwa isiJalimane, futhi esigodlweni wokhelwa ngomlilo amaNazi ukubaleka kwabo.
• 1957 - kwenziwe ukubuyiselwa post-yimpi ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, wavula amahholo ahlukene lwesigodlo emphakathini.
• 1978 - iziqu sokubuyiselwa ephelele IHlalankosi, eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo "Pavlovsk" waklonyeliswa Order "Ibheji Ukuhlonishwa".
• Unyaka 1983 - esigodlweni futhi epaki eziyinkimbinkimbi "Pavlovsk" wathola isimo Museum-reserve.

Okwamanje esungulwe umyalezo Pavlovsk - St Petersburg isitimela It efika Vitebsk Station. Okuphambene nalokho nakho kungenzeka ukushiya isitimela. Kusuka lapho, ku forecourt, ungaya kuphi ngebhasi noma itekisi. Kodwa ngase Pavlovsk - St Petersburg isitimela - imodi ezingabizi kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa zokuthutha. Kuyinto nje izitobhi ezimbalwa, cishe njengoba okusheshayo.

Pavlovsk - St Petersburg: kanjani ukuba uthole

Kusukela Petersburg ukuba Pavlovsk noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela Pavlovsk Petersburg engafinyelelwa e isigamu sehora kunoma iyiphi ezokuthutha - izitimela kusukela Vitebsk Station noma ibhasi inombolo 479 kusuka metro station "Inkanyezi".

Uhlelo izitimela (Saint-Petersburg - Pavlovsk)

• Ngezinsuku ukusebenza: 06-05, 07-17, 07-55, 09-40.
• Daily: 12-15, 13-20, 17-40, 19-00, 00-30.
• Ngezimpelasonto: 10-15, 10-55.

Iziteshi ezilandelayo:

• Petersburg.
• Borova
• Prospect of Fame.
• Kupchino.
• Shushary,
• Esitimela Museum.
• A. n. 21 amakhilomitha.
• Tsarskoye Selo.
• Pavlovsk.

Uhlelo izitimela (Pavlovsk - St Petersburg)

• Ngezinsuku ukusebenza: 07-20, 07-41, 08-20, 14-40, 17-00.
• Daily: 12-00, 16-19, 18-30.
• Ngezimpelasonto: 05-27, 15-45.

Iziteshi ezilandelayo:

• Pavlovsk.
• Tsarskoye Selo.
• A. n. 21 amakhilomitha.
• Esitimela Museum.
• Shushary.
• Kupchino.
• Prospect of Fame.
• Borova.
• Petersburg.

Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Pavlovsk

La magama amathathu ehlanganisiwe iminyaka amabili namashumi amahlanu edlule, umlando wabo kuhlanganiswe. Okwamanje Pavlovsk kuyinto esezingeni lomhlaba Museum-reserve, hero-edolobheni Petersburg - edume idolobha Russian. Futhi eRussia ngokwayo - kungcono ezweni ezinhle!