Umnotho Norway: izici jikelele

North Country Norway liyaziwa ejwayelekile yayo zokuphila eziphakeme. Izwe kungenazo lula uhlangabezana kunezinkinga zemali global kanye nasemnothweni libonisa ukuzinza kanye namandla okubakhona omuhle. Umnotho Norwegian ihlukile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu? Sizilungiselele ukutshela mayelana izici of emnothweni Norwegian, isimo sawo futhi amathemba.

Geography of Norway

Umnotho eNorway ngomqondo ngenxa indawo yezwe. Isimo itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo zaseScandinavia eNyakatho Yurophu. Kuyinto engaphansi kakhulu izilwandle wageza. Ugu yezwe ayizinkulungwane 25 amakhilomitha. Norway likwazi ukufinyelela nezilwandle ezintathu: i-uBarents, Norwegian naseNyakatho. Izwe elisemngceleni Sweden, Finland neRussia. Kwenqwaba bezwe itholakala ezwekazini, kodwa futhi inikeza nsimu enkulu (50,000) esiqhingini uchungechunge, ezinye zazo lingenamuntu. Ugu yeNorway is Kuhlehliswe ngu amawa olunothile. Impumuzo wengxenye eyinhloko yezwe ugxile sezintaba. Ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ke welula zokhahlamba, ngezinye izikhathi alternates nge Amathafa isigqugquzeli nezigodi ezijulile ezembethe amahlathi aminyene. North yezwe wahlanganyela emathafeni ase-Arctic. Eningizimu maphakathi ithafa evumayo wezolimo. Izwe unothile kakhulu angenasawoti, kukhona amachibi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150 nemifula eminingi, elikhulu kunawo wonke wabo Glomma. Norway engacebile kakhulu amaminerali ahlukahlukene, kodwa zigcine abalulekile igesi, uwoyela, imikhando eziningana, ithusi, phambili.

Climate futhi imvelo

Norway ezonini ithonya ofudumele Gulf Stream futhi kwenza isimo sezulu sendawo kuyinto onomoya omnene kokuba ku ekuyi-latitude efanayo Alaska naseSiberia kakhulu. Kodwa isimo sezulu kuleli zwe ayikho ikakhulukazi ukhululekile ukuphila. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe ubuswa ofudumele futhi kukhona ebusa a esipholile sezulu zasolwandle ubusika bakhona abubandi nehlobo elifudumele esingeside. Lapha, semali kwezulu uwela ngonyaka. Ngo-July-August lapha umoya eliwu 18 degrees Celsius, futhi ebusika awehleli ngezansi degrees ezimbili Celsius. Emaphakathi ingxenye kungokwalabo esipholile sezulu yezwekazi obubandayo nehlobo esifushane efudumele, kodwa hhayi ashisayo ne. Ebusika, kukhona lokushisa kwemini degrees 10 Celsius, kanti ehlobo emoyeni eliwu 15 degrees Celsius. Inyakatho kakhulu yezwe elinesimo sezulu sub-Arctic eside, ebusika nokhahlo ehlobo iDemo cool. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso libonisa degrees 20, futhi ehlobo thermometer antante ezingeni degrees 10 Celsius. Esikhathini North, kukhona izenzakalo asemkhathini - Northern Lights.

Ngokuvamile, Norway ezomnotho kafushane lingachazwa ngokuthi imvelo. Lapha-ke unamathisele ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kulondolozwe imvelo acwebile. Nakuba izindawo zokudoba namafutha kubangele umonakalo nemvelo, futhi nalo ngenkathi Norway ayikwazi ukuphatha. Noma kunjalo, umoya ohlanzekile kakhulu namanzi, futhi amabhizinisi zezimboni abasebenza izindinganiso zokuphepha okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyizinto phakathi eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kukhula ukugeleza izivakashi futhi simele usongo ezithile imvelo yezwe kanye le nkinga futhi ingakasombululeki.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesi-9 Norway kwaba ezweni abanqobi. Viking ethuke yonke iYurophu, sifinyelela phezulu lwaseTurkey. Imali eyinhloko izakhamuzi zezwe sasihlanganisa ukukhokhisa intela inkokhiso evela emazweni ayenqotshiwe. Ngo 9-11 eminyaka leli zwe okungewakho inkosi yaseNorway, waya indlela kokushintsha, waya esifundeni izikhathi eziningana ezama ngesinyenyela ubuKristu, kukhona umzabalazo phakathi izindawo ezahlukene zenzeka injabulo kubantu. Umnotho ihlangabezana izinguquko ezinkulu. Territory kuthiwa intela, kuthiwa ikhishiwe, yayidingeka, tinhlobo letinsha tekuphatsa. Ngo-1184, yena wafika amandla bangaphambili umpristi Sverrir, sikhulumela buhlungu ezinamandla ukuze kwabefundisi basebukhosini kuphela, futhi wethula izimiso entsha khona isimo - yeningi. Ngakusasa kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa yasebukhosini babehilelekile yinye yezwe futhi ukukhokhela yezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 Norway kwadingeka zinhlekelele ezinkulu kwezolimo, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa Igagasi isifo. Lokhu kuholela lube buthaka enamandla isimo. Kusukela ngekhulu le-14, Norway ihlangabezana isikhathi eside kuye emazweni aseScandinavia. Kwakungeke kuvesane nomthelela omuhle kwezomnotho. Izwe uya eba izwe neuropathy nemnotfo ababuthakathaka. Phakathi nekhulu le-17, leli zwe kubhekene sina kwezomnotho Take-off, ngenxa ngokuwa Hanseatic League. Europe isiqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa izinto Norwegian zokusetshenziswa: izinkuni, imikhumbi-ore. It kufika Ukwanda le mboni. Kodwa izwe wahlala ingxenye Sweden. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngaphansi kobuholi Norway Christian Friedrich bakwazi ukuvikela ilungelo labo ukuzimela. Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside. Sweden wayengafuni ukushiya lezi zindawo. Lonke kwekhulu le-19 kwakuwumqansa sivikele amalungelo uhulumeni Norwegian zabantu siqu nemithetho. Ngo parallel, ukukhula ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, okuyinto kuba nesigcawu ukuvela isigaba ocebile, ababengakholelwa ufisa kumele ihlale ngaphansi kwesandla yaseSweden. Ngo-1905, ezweni uye wakwazi ukuqeda ithonya Sweden, athatha izintambo, isikhulu Danish. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, isimo uhlala yokungachemi, ivumela eNorway kakhulu ngcono ukusebenza umnotho walo. Kodwa inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kwezomnotho ngasekupheleni 20 ekuseni 30s akaphunyuki lizwe. Ekuqaleni neMpi Yezwe II, Norway uye wanquma waphinda ngingathathi hlangothi, kodwa Germany akusho sinake futhi ukuthatha izwe. Iminyaka yangemva kwempi isimo ekubeni emnothweni entsha. Lapha, ezingaphezu kuka kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ukusebenzisa izindlela yokusabalalisa okulinganayo imali. Ngalesi sikhathi, incazelo jikelele emnothweni Norwegian kungase kuchazwe amagama amabili: alinganayo nombuso wentando yeningi. Izwe kabili ngenqaba ukujoyina European Union, nakuba izinqubo ukweseka Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nemvumelwano Schengen.

Inani labantu base-Norway

Inani labantu kuleli zwe kancane kuka-5 million. I ukwanda kwabantu zabantu 16 kuphela square kilometre. km. Labantu main bagxila kule empumalanga yezwe, ezinabantu abaningi endaweni engasogwini azungeze Oslo, kanye eningizimu nasentshonalanga yezwe. Ingxenye enyakatho nasenkabeni ye cishe ezingenalutho, kanye naseziqhingini kukhona muntu futhi ngokuphelele. Umnotho Norway BakaJehova namuhla inikeza umsebenzi omkhulu. Mayelana 75% sabantu umsebenzi. 88% abantu bakuleli batholakale ne imfundo ephakeme ukuba babe nezinkinga nge umsebenzi, kuba inkomba esingcono kakhulu eYurophu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umnotho athuthukiswe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Izinga eliphezulu zokuphila nekwenyusa ubude wathi baseNorway ekuphileni, yisilinganiso sesifundo '82.

Ukwakheka zezombusazwe

Norway ohlelweni labo elisha lezombangazwe kuyinto ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Inhloko ngqongqotshe phakathi kukahulumeni kanye nabezimboni ikhanda esemthethweni state inkosi. Isishayamthetho unesibopho kwePhalamende unicameral. King ngokusemthethweni uhlu sasivumela omude izibophezelo namalungelo. Umisa futhi kuchitha undunankulu, ngokuvumelana nemithetho, unesibopho empini futhi izwe, eliholwa eNkantolo Ephakeme. Kodwa cishe zonke izimpikiswano ezinkulu ubuholi wezwe waziphatha uhulumeni ne UNdunankulu ngasekhanda. Ngqongqotshe unelungelo ukufeza isiqondiso yesimo sezomnotho yeNorway, kuthatha ukulawula umsebenzi engxenyeni kahulumeni, okuyinto sphere inzuzo kakhulu komnotho, kanye eliqondisa umsebenzi embonini kawoyela. Izwe lihlukaniswe ezindaweni 20, ngokuthi izifunda, nababusi bamiswa inkosi. County kuhlanganiswe enkhundleni. Izwe has a uhlelo multi-party, futhi njalo abasafufusa ukunyakaza elisha lezombusazwe futhi amaqembu efuna ukungena ephalamende. Ngokuthatha Izinyunyana ukuthi babe ukuthembeka okukhulu impilo zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha yezwe abathintekayo.

izici Jikelele kwemnotfo Norway

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kukhona amazwe amaningana ukuthi ngempumelelo unqobe kunezinkinga zemali futhi uthole amathuba ukukhula, enye yazo - Norway. Umnotho, yebo, uzizwe umthelela wale nkinga, kodwa namanje sibheke isizinda kwamanye amazwe kahle. Leli zwe endaweni yesine e umhlaba lengenako GDP. Namuhla isimo ubonisa ukukhula ngokulinganisela, oluhlobene ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa okwandisa lomkhakha womphakathi. Nasi ezikhulayo nokuthengiswa ka ezidayiswayo bese ukhulisa umsebenzi umthengi emakhaya. Lezi zinqubo hhayi ngokuphelele omuhle, kodwa isizinda isimo e-Europe, i-baseNorway banezizathu sethemba. Uhulumeni ukuchitha imali eningi futhi enze imizamo bonyana abulunge isethi a ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi izotshala kakhulu ocwaningweni kanye emisha zokukhiqiza, efuna imfuno diversify umnotho nokwehlisa kwencika kwezomnotho namanje kuqhathaniswa phezulu embonini kawoyela. Ngokuvamile, umnotho Norway lususelwe imodeli zaseScandinavia ka "isimo nenhlalakahle" futhi ezihambayo ngempumelelo kule isiqondiso, nakuba Zazikhona izinkinga.

isakhiwo

I evelele imodeli kwezomnotho e Norway kuye kwasho ukuthi eba ukuqondanisa ethize zamabutho elikhiqizayo. Isakhiwo umnotho Norwegian sikhombisa ibhalansi ngokuthula phakathi izindlela emakethe futhi gos.regulirovaniem. Izwe ithatha ingxenye enkulu emnothweni engxenyeni kahulumeni. Isimo 3% we-GDP etshaliwe ekuthuthukiseni isayensi nobuchwepheshe. imodeli Export ngamakhasimende komnotho kuholela yokuthi nokuthengiswa idlule ukungeniswa. 38% we-GDP wezwe livela nokuthengiswa, zazo ezingaphezu kwesigamu ewela uwoyela negesi. Uhulumeni sisebenzela ukunciphisa lezi zibalo kanye impumelelo kukhona, nakuba amancane, ngonyaka kungenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo lemikhiqizo ngu 0.1% we-GDP.

imisebenzi namanye amazwe wezwe

Norway ngenkuthalo ubambisana emazweni amaningi ngokuya ngempahla, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nobuchwepheshe. ukuhweba Norway angaphandle kwasekuqaleni lihlotshaniswa European Union, kanye ne-China ne-athile e-Asia. Isimo iyona enkulu kunazo zonke amandla umphakeli eYurophu. Negesi namafutha ezilethwa eFrance, eJalimane, eNetherlands, eSweden, e-UK. Norway futhi ethengisa phesheya imishini, amakhemikhali, uginindela nephepha imikhiqizo, nendwangu. Kungeniswe ku imikhiqizo yezwe yokukhanya nezimboni zokudla, imikhiqizo yasemasimini neminye izimoto. Isakhiwo umnotho Norwegian kuncike amandla yokuthengisa phesheya, uhulumeni iminyaka engu-10 sekukhomba alwa nalo mkhuba, kodwa inqubo diversification bekuhamba kancane.

umkhakha extractive

uwoyela Amasimu eNorway waqala ukuba athuthukiswe esanda kutholakala, kusukela ngo-1970. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi izwe langena ngokuqiniseka phakathi abathuthi elikhulu kulo mthombo wamandla emhlabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela - kuyinto inzuzo undoubted yezwe, ivumela isimo akuxhomekile amanani sangaphandle hydrocarbon. Kodwa umnotho yawela ukukhiqizwa asebenzayo iminyaka engu-40 e-strong kwencika futhi intengo simo esishubile emakethe amafutha aqala kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Namuhla emhlabeni kukhona amazwe amaningana okuqinile kuye isikhundla impahla emakethe, futhi omunye wabo - Norway. akhawunti izimboni embonini yezimayini ukuze ukukhiqizwa wezwe cishe isigamu. Namuhla, esimweni esibucayi embonini kawoyela ukwenza izwe more uye wakwenza bekwi-ukwakhiwa kwezinye imikhakha yezomnotho.

Izindawo zokukhiqiza

Ngaphezu amandla kanye ukukhiqizwa hydrocarbon, eNorway, kukhona nezinye izimboni ezinkulu. Ezomnotho Norway, lingachazwa kafushane njengoba oluxube bendabuko emisha. Izwe Kutfutfukisa izimboni lapho kuye kwaba ngokomlando eqinile. Ikakhulu, bekulokhu shipbuilding eqinile futhi eziphambili. Namuhla, shipbuilding edonsa mayelana 1% we-GDP. igceke lemikhumbi Norwegian ukuqoqa enkantolo izinkampani uwoyela, kanye nempahla nomgibeli traffic. Enye wemboni ebalulekile yezwe - lena yokusansimbi. Umnotho Norway sika njalo ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana ferroalloys, kodwa umkhakha kusenkingeni futhi kuba wombuso aid. Metallurgy edonsa mayelana 0.2% we-GDP. AmaHlathi kanye uginindela umkhakha iphepha - kubuye tendzabuko sphere Norwegian zokukhiqiza. izindawo ezibalulekile umsebenzi baseNorway kuthiwa ukudoba kanye nezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho , izwe uzama ukuthuthukisa i, izimboni ezintsha olwazini. Lona ihogela Uma uwubuka usemkhathini, izwe ukhiqiza ezixube izingxenye kanye nemishini iziphuphutheki. Ukuthuthukisa emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, ukwakhiwa kanye nemfundo.

imboni yezokuvakasha

Namuhla, umnotho Norwegian, imboni linendima ebalulekile, ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni enye isisetshenziswa - kuyinto ezokuvakasha. Lokhu umkhakha kuletha isikhathi esingaphezudlwana 5% we-GDP futhi inikeza imisebenzi abantu abayizinkulungwane 150. Isimo ngonyaka ukhetsa izwe esiqhutshwa unyaka wonke sokukhangisa umkhankaso ezinkulu ukuqwashisa mayelana iholide izici izivakashi eNorway. Ukuheha abavakashi izingxenye enyakatho yezwe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yale ndawo kanti futhi inikeza imisebenzi izakhamuzi zendawo, abakuthola kunzima ukuthola umsebenzi kuleli ekhoneni engahlali muntu okwakukhona kuyo isimo.

Ububanzi ukuphila nenkonzo

Wonke amazwe asethuthukile track ukwandisa inani umsebenti kanye nezinsizakalo isakhiwo zokukhiqiza, iyathinteka naseNorway. umnotho wezwe uya eba inkonzo. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuphila yenyukela yokuthi abantu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ziya ngaphansi wahlanganyela ukuphila, ukunakekela yibhece ochwepheshe. imisebenzi Catering, yokuhlanza, ukulungisa, ukwakhiwa, ukugcinwa ubuchwepheshe, izinsizakalo tebuciko, temphilo, temfundvo nokungcebeleka - mikhakha kukhona niches ethembisayo yentuthuko eNorway. Lezi izindawo zokukhiqiza kungukuthi kulawulwa isimo futhi ngokwezinga esiphezulu isakhiwa yizinkampani ezincane yangasese.

emakethe yezabasebenzi

Ezama ukulondoloza izinga okusezingeni zokuphila futhi bathuthela "nezenhlalakahle jikelele", emnothweni Norwegian, etimakethe okuyinto okuyisici esibalulekile inombolo ngonyaka ngenxa yokwanda kwethuba lokuba imisebenzi. Kukhona izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezikhethekile okuhloswe ngaso ukudalwa amabhizinisi amancane nezinye izindawo zokusebenzela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni enakekela abantu abaningi ukuthola imfundo, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa ezintsha yezwe. Norway manje aphansi e-Europe, izibalo (5%) kanye uyaqhubeka ukunciphisa kubo.

Umnotho shazi

Idatha yakamuva emnothweni eNorway ukukhombisa ukuthi kancane kancane, kodwa kancane, ezikhulayo ngu 2.5% ngonyaka. GDP lengenako kancane angaphezu kwangama-89 000 US dollars. Emali 4%, ngesilinganiso ukhiye waqhubeka 0.5% isibalo. Ezigcina igolide yezwe amathani 36. Isikweletu kazwelonke - 31.2%.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Namuhla umnotho waseNorway ungenye yezinzile kakhulu eYurophu. Uhulumeni uzama ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo kwemali evela ekudayiseni kwama-hydrocarboni futhi ahlakulele umkhakha wezenhlalakahle kanye nomkhakha. Naphezu kobunzima bezimali emhlabeni, umnotho waseNorway namathemba ayo kubheka okuhle. Umbuso uyanciphisa ukuthembela kwawo emazingeni kawoyela, uthuthukise imikhakha yokukhiqiza emisha, ugcine izinga eliphezulu lokuphila, futhi uphikisana ngokuqinile nomfutho wokufuduka osele eYurophu. I-Norway ingomunye wabaholi esifundeni ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelwe. Amandla kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi nesimo sezulu, kuvumela izwe ukuba likhulise ukuthengiswa kukagesi emazweni aseduze. Ukunciphisa umnotho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezintsha, ukukhula kokukhangisa kwezokuvakasha - lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuphumelela kwezomnotho eNorway.