Umbhali American Dzherom Devid Selindzher: A Biography, lokusungula

Kukhona abalobi abakuphila kwabo engengaphansi ezithakazelisayo kuka umsebenzi wabo. Okunjalo uyalandisa Dzherom Selindzher, Umlando womuntu ophilako egcwele izenzakalo. Lolu sesho zefilosofi ngokwayo, ukutadisha amasethi Sciences, iMpi Yezwe II inkonzo kutsi kwehlwaywe, homecoming nokubonwa for izindaba kanye inoveli ezishicilelwe kuphela.

On ke ungenza ifilimu. Kuphela lapha umbhali wenqabile ukwenza kanjalo, kanye ifilimu sencwadi yakhe. Kungani kwenzekile, uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

Umlobi oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke kwekhulu

Dzherom Devid Selindzher waziwa hhayi kuphela imikhiqizo yayo kodwa futhi ngendlela avaliwe zokuphila ukuthi kuye kwavula izinganekwane eziningi conjectures ngaye. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama udumo umbhali wakhe ngokuzumayo iyeke ukushicilela izincwadi zabo. Kulesi lokubhala akagcini, ngaphandle cishe ngokuphelele imikhawulo zokuxhumana nabezindaba futhi baxgeki. Ukuze abafundi umusa kungekho Autographs ngaphezulu Salinger futhi wenze izitobhi.

Wakhe abazimisele kude-legends. Futhi ngesikhathi enengxoxo nomdlali wamabhayisikobho waseMelika Nikolas Keydzh esho etshela ukuthi omunye wabantwana abangabafana ukuhlolwa enikezwe phezu kwalo nentombi yami, ogama umusa waphikelela, kwaba i umbhalo wesandla we umlobi odumile. ibhayisikobho star izimangalo usitholile isignesha athandwayo kuphumelele. Kodwa abafundi abaningi futhi abalandeli inhlanhla Salinger ayizange smile.

umsebenzi

Dzherom Devid Selindzher wazalwa ngosuku lokuqala 1919 e-New York (United States) emkhayeni wamaJuda. Uyise wayengumGreki umthengisi, futhi umndeni owahlala khona ngempela kahle. Umama wayengafundile kahle izimpande Scottish futhi Irish. Ngisho nalapho zisencane umbhali wathatha igxathu lakhe lokuqala ngqa uhlamvu. izindaba akhe angamalangabi emfushane, kodwa kakade ngempela capacious.

Ngo-1936, Salinger (kabani biography has a lot of izikhathi impikiswano) wathola esikoleni sakhe sangasese lempi. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, ebhala imisho embalwa ukuba liculo kwalesi sikhungo, okuyinto namanje ingxenye indawo esemthethweni. Salinger Landelayo walinda nezifundo e-New York University futhi umkhuba eYurophu.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-wahlanganyela Columbia University, lapho ubehambele khona izinkulumo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi tindzaba letimfisha. Kodwa lesi sifundo uDavide ezithakazelisayo ngaphandle ukuthi izifundo ezinjalo ngabanye. Akazange iziqu eyunivesithi ethile futhi ayikwazanga ukwenza i-career. Sekuvele yisikhubekiso kuyise, yena lalinethemba indodana yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kungamanyala umndeni, asuka nomunye phakade.

IMpi Yezwe II ngo ukuphila wombhali

Salinger, ogama biography is sigcwele ithonya seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, akakwazanga ukuhlala kude izenzakalo. Wanquma ukuthi indawo yakhe ngaphambili, futhi sekuyisikhathi eside elwela ithuba lokuya khona, ngoba ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, udedelwe isikhalazo.

Ngo-1943 olingana umbhali Usayitsheni iwela umnyango counterintelligence. Ukuba amabala ezishisayo, Salinger, ogama biography akukabi isikhathi ukuba ngithuka izinkumbulo kwempi, wabhala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku, futhi kamuva emibhalweni abathandekayo ukuthi babe basiqonda injongo yayo, ngiyibeke lapha. Wayezazi ukunemba futhi ukubaluleka kokuhlala kwakhe ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini empini, nengxenye yokukhululwa iziboshwa zasemakamu okuhlushwa, ubekade ukukhalipha kwengqondo, kodwa wazibonela wake ubuhlungu naye, ivaliwe omunye, futhi lokho kwaholela kamuva ekuphileni kwakhe reclusive.

ukuqashelwa

Emuva ekhaya, umbhali Salinger uthola udumo neyaziwayo umbhali. Indaba yakhe emfushane "Usuku Perfect Bananafish" emilonyeni zonke ababemgxeka nenithanda izincwadi. Maphakathi nawo-forties, amanoveli akhe futhi tindzaba letimfisha eshicilelwe namajenali eziningi. Tingcikitsi yemisebenzi yakhe - izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu kwempi, amanxeba musa ukuphulukisa, ngilokho abakubonileko, ukuthi ngeke kukhohlakale.

Ukuhlonishwa umbhali ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo ngemuva kokushicilelwa ngo-1951 kule noveli "umzingeli ku Rye." Uhlobo lomkhiqizo kuyothiwa 'inoveli-imfundo ". Lokhu indalo yabekwa badayise e bezinga elingakaze libonwe - amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60.

Ngesikhathi ukuphakama nodumo nokuqashelwa Salinger ngokuzumayo iyeke ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo futhi ivale emhlabeni ngo-1965. Akasenalo unika izingxoxo futhi Autographs. Yini walungisiswa lokhu kuziphatha namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi futhi wokuphila, ngisho abangani abaningi umbhali.

umbhali Omkhulu efa eneminyaka engu-91 ngo-inxuluma yayo avaliwe New Hampshire.

Ukudala. Amazwibela

Salinger lokusungula ikakhulu siqukethe tindzaba letimfisha kanye novellas. Le noveli kuphela ubhalwe futhi wanyatheliswa ngumlobi, - "umzingeli ku Rye."

Salinger izindaba wadala ibanga sasivumela ebanzi izihloko, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka nge umbono womlobi. Kodwa leli qiniso eliyisisekelo ingenye - ngenjongo yokuphila, amaphupho ephukile yokusesha zefilosofi for self. Amaqhawe amanoveli kakhulu abantwana, intsha kanye nabantu beyofuna imigomo ekuphileni. Lezi zithombe ukunikeza ngumbhali ngokucace futhi ngokucacile baveta imicabango yabo ngekusebentisa nokubonisa umfundi imiphumela umqondo wakhe zefilosofi.

Kuyaphawuleka indaba lwembhali "Umuntu Laughing." Kuyo indaba umfundi wafundisa izingane, kuyilapho ukubatshela izindaba emangalisayo lomphangi yizicukuthwane - Umuntu Laughing. John Guy uthi ngomdlandla, ngoba kusiza intombazane enhle nenomusa, uMariya. It kuvela ukuthi - indodakazi abazali yizicukuthwane nezicebi abamelene ubuhlobo bakhe umfundi elula. Lapho uMariya namanje baphoqeleka ukuba ingxenye kanye noJohane, utshela indaba lapho ubuntu bakhe linqotshiwe, futhi ngokushesha esezibulala. Indaba ulahla ekungalinganini emphakathini, okuyinto ibulala izimpilo zabantu zibe ngcono.

"Umzingeli ku Rye"

Lokhu inoveli enkulu cishe ngokushesha yathola okuningi abafundi emhlabeni wonke. Noma kunjalo, ukugxeka umbono oyindida umkhiqizo, isola yembhali izisusa ecindezelekile. Ukuze uthole elikhanyayo, izinhlamvu esihle futhi izici kwenzekani ukusetshenziswa ukuthukana inoveli ezaholela sokuvimbela okukhipha umkhiqizo ezinye izifunda. Manje-ke siyingxenye uhlelo esikoleni ezincwadini emhlabeni wonke.

Salinger, ogama amanoveli isivaliwe kushicilelwa kokwakhe, asivunyelwe ifilimu umsebenzi wakhe, kwasekusithi umbuzo-yalolucwaningo 80-90. I-agumenti eyayibalulekile ukuthi umkhiqizo izenzakalo zenzeka umphefumulo iqhawe, ngakho uyibonise njengoba kubonakala futhi adalwe umbhali, cishe akunakwenzeka.

Le noveli ikhuluma ngendoda umfana Holden Caulfield. Akekho uyaqonda, yena ngokulambisa uthatha indawo yabo. Ekhula, futhi esakhula kule monstrously ngokushesha sidilike othulini amaphupho akhe nemibono. Le noveli yigama ongaziwa ngoba engqondweni yakhe Caulfield ophilayo iphupho - ukubamba izingane phezu precipice, lapho beqala ukudlala, kungaba sengozini. Kuyinto inhlangano ngempela ongokomfanekiso. Cishe, Holden ufuna ukusiza ukugcina izingane besebancane e ngokwenama yabo nokuvuleka emhlabeni, lapho amaphupho abahlubukanga phakade. Lasekuqaleni isihloko kule noveli umzingeli ku Rye ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umzingeli ku Rye."

Izilinganiso futhi amazwi

Umlobi ongaqondakali akasilahlile ifa hhayi kuphela enkulu tetemibhalo, kodwa futhi eziningi aphorisms. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayeyingcweti of the esibayeni Salinger kweqiniso. Izilinganiso sethula bhá futhi liyabonakala kakhulu:

• "Ngenxa yokuthi indoda isifile, awukwazi niyeke ukuthandana, sizolahla ke! Ikakhulukazi lokhu uma engayifezi kahle kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye uyaphila, uyazi?" - izwi Heroine kwendaba "Lyapa-Wally" umbhali uzothi iqiniso, egcwele ubuhlungu futhi iqiniso.
• "Futhi lezo zincwadi captivate kimi ukuthi njengoba ufunda kuze kube sekupheleni, Ngavele wacabanga kungaba kuhle uma lokhu umbhali phathelana kho kahle ngane, futhi kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhuluma." Lokhu kutshela Holden Kolfild, futhi kunzima ukuba avumelane naye.

• "Sidinga ukunika umuntu ukukhuluma, ngoba waqala ukutshela ezithakazelisayo futhi izinto ezivusa ugqozi. Kufana lapho umuntu ngentshiseko uthi. Lokho kuhle." La mazwi, futhi, bangabanye Caulfield.
• "Umuntu beya ufuna ukufela udaba lwabo, futhi abavuthiwe - ukuphila ngenxa yesizathu esihle."

Ekuphetheni

Funda noma cha funda - ibhizinisi wonke umuntu. Kodwa ukuhlala kude zabuna izincwadi zezwe, wena ukuphuca ngokwakho injabulo ukuba afunde imihlaba ezintsha ngokuphelele. Ngakho, izindaba Salinger - a microcosms lonke ngokuphelele heroes yakhe. Usesho nokudumazeka, ukuphila kanye nenhlekelele yangempela imiphefumulo yabo ngeke ngikushiye nandaba, eziyocebisa emhlabeni kwangaphakathi, futhi kukusize ukwazi kangcono yena.