Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo. Igesi yemvelo: Ukwakheka, izakhiwo

Yini esiyaziyo ku hydrocarbon? Nokho, ukuthi okuthile uhlelo esikoleni kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi glimpsed kwabezindaba igama elithi "meta" ... Yini esiyaziyo igesi yemvelo, ngaphezu impahla yayo enkulu? Kuyini ukusetshenziswa ngaphezulu igesi yemvelo, ngaphezu owaziwa kithi bapheke futhi bafudumale e izakhiwo zokuhlala? Yini eyenzekayo emhlabeni of amandla nokuthi amandla angaguqulwa zokuphepha?

izakhiwo Key

Okokuqala, ukuthi ibinzana odumile isimdubula efulethini noma emgwaqeni akukalungi kahle efanele. Ngo igesi yemvelo, okuyinto enikeziwe kithi ukupheka noma ezindlini Ukushisa amanzi, akukho ukunambitheka, akukho nephunga. Yini esizizwa ngayo, into enye ngaphandle okufakiwe ekhethekile edingekayo ukuze sithole kuqhume igesi. Lokhu odorant okuthiwa, yengezwe ngo-izitshalo wahlomisa ngokukhethekile olinganise ezilandelayo: 16 mg ngayinye ayizinkulungwane cubic metres of gas.

Isakhi esiyinhloko igesi yemvelo, Yiqiniso, i-methane. Okuqukethwe kwalo e negesi imayelana 89-95%, nezinye izakhi - kuyinto butane,-propane, i-hydrogen sulfide ne okuthiwa ukungcola - uthuli izingxenye incombustible, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen. Amaphesenti e-methane okuqukethwe incike uhlobo idiphozi.

Amandla we igesi yemvelo ezikhishwe ngesikhathi omlilo of eyodwa imitha cubic uphethiloli ubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa amandla omlilo. Lokhu value ingenye oyinhloko zonke izici ukuklama igesi zosizo, futhi emazweni ahlukahlukene zithathwa njengesisekelo namanani ahlukene. ERussia, ukubala senziwe inetha calorific value, emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ezifana France, Britain - kwi ephakeme.

Ekhuluma kuqhume igesi yemvelo, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma imiqondo ezifana ukulinganiselwa lokuhlala obhubhisayo yingozi. Negesi Kuqhuma at lokuhlushwa egumbini futhi kusukela 5 kuya ku-15% ngo-volume. Uma emakamu ingaphansi, igesi akabi, uma emakamu ingaphezu kwe-15%, i-komoya negesi burns ngesikhathi eyengeziwe air. okuhlushwa okuyingozi kubizwa ngokuthi 1/5 umkhawulo alufakwa ephansi, isb 1%.

Bases izinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo

I-butane ne-propane isetshenzisiwe njengoba yokubasela izimoto (igesi kuncibilike). Futhi, propane esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa umentshisi. Ethane njengoba uphethiloli kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa njengendlela material eluhlaza ukwenziwa polyethylene. Acetylene kuyinto oluvuthayo kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa Welding futhi ukusika izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo, ukuba ngqo - methane, siye okuxoxiswene kakade, isetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli ezivuthayo e slabs, amakholomu kanye boilers.

Ukuhluka ekhiqizwa igesi yemvelo

Ngokusho izinhlobo ekhishwe igesi zihlukaniswe igesi noma kudluliswe. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo itholakala iphesenti hydrocarbon. Ngo igesi izinkambu methane okuqukethwe mayelana 80-90%, e khulula noma, njengoba ivame ukubizwa kanjalo namanje, "amafutha", okuqukethwe kwayo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-50%. Labo abasele abanga-50% - igesi le-butane ne-uhlukaniswe igesi ongahluziwe. Omunye bokwenza enkulu igesi ephathelene kusuka nkambu iyadingeka nokususwa amanyela ahlukahlukene. Ithola igesi yemvelo libuye encikene nokukhiqizwa ane-helium. ezifakwa ezinjalo ezingavamile, helium igesi kubhekwa eliphezulu ukupholisa Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi. Sulphur ukhululeka sulfide hydrogen ekhiqizwa njengenhlangano igesi okuphothula liyasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezimbonini.

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko ekukhiqizeni igesi yemvelo Rig imishini. Lokhu umbhoshongo zemilenze emine mayelana 20-30 amamitha eliphezulu. Ngoba umiswe ipayipi sokuprakthiza ekupheleni. Lokhu ipayipi luyanda nge elandayo kahle ukujula, ngenkathi imishini le wellbore ezicela ketshezi ekhethekile zohlobo yayo fracturable hhayi kukora. I infeed ketshezi ngosizo amaphampu ekhethekile. Yiqiniso, izindleko igesi yemvelo kuhlanganisa izindleko ukusebenza nokwakhiwa igesi imithombo. Kusukela 40 kuya ku-60% we izindleko izindleko nje ukuthi.

Kanjani ukuba eze kithi negesi?

Ngakho, ngemva kokuhamba endaweni zokukhiqiza, ukuhlanzwa igesi yemvelo ihamba yanikezwa lokuqala kokucindezelwa esiteshini, noma njengoba ibizwa, ikhanda. Itholakala ikakhulukazi eduze idiphozi. Kube ukufaka usebenzisa igesi nge ingcindezi ophakeme engena isiqu amapayipi. Ukuze kulondolozwe ingcindezi predetermined e amapayipi main efakwe booster compressor esiteshini. Njengoba lokhu ingcindezi liner ipayipi izigaba ngaphakathi kwamasango kungavunyelwe phambi legatsha ngalinye lihlelwe idolobha elikhulu. It has yena, kuphakamisa futhi kwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Ingxenye it is sokudliwa ezinkulu igesi abathengi - izitshalo zezimboni, zokuwuhluza, kubhayela. Enye ingxenye eya okuthiwa aphuke wokubacindezela - iziteshi ukusatshalaliswa igesi. Lapho, ingcindezi lehliselwa futhi. Lapho igesi ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo, mina nawe ajwayeleke kunawo wonke futhi kuqondakala? Lokhu hotplate endzaweni lephephile.

enza isimangaliso esikulu kanjani nathi?

Active ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo kuvela phakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho sikaphalafini igesi kokusunguliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa yokuqala akusiyo ababewazi kithi. Ekuqaleni lalisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni. ESoviet Union kwaze kwaba sekupheleni-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, igesi umkhakha ozimele wayengekho. igesi Amasimu zitholwe ithuba, kuphela kutsi kwehlwaywe of emithonjeni kawoyela. Ukusebenza Igesi yemvelo uqalile nge ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ukungabi zikaphethiloli ngenxa ukulahlekelwa nowoyela Amasimu, wanika yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni imboni igesi. Ngemva kwempi, umkhakha igesi yemvelo ayenziwa kancane kancane yaba omunye kakhulu eyongayo.

akukho okunye

Mhlawumbe ubufakazi obukhulu engcono izinzuzo Igesi yemvelo njengoba elula kunazo amandla umthombo ayizikhombisi eMoscow. Negesi uxhumano avunyelwe nsukuzonke ukulondoloza esigidini cubic metres izinkuni, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-0.65 amalahle, 150,000 amathani kaphalafini futhi cishe njengoba uwoyela nophethiloli. Futhi konke lokhu itsetfwe 1 million. Amamitha Cubic. m igesi. Lokhu kwalandelwa gasification kancane kancane kuleli zwe kanye search for imali entsha. Kamuva, lo omkhulu igesi izinqolobane eziye zatholakala eSiberia, lapho usebenza kuze kube yilolu suku.

isicelo zezimboni

Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo akugcini elungiselela ukudla - nakuba ngokungaqondile, isetshenziswa ukuphakela ukushisa emakhaya. boilers Iningi esikhulu kamasipala European eRussia bayisebenzisa kahle kuyinto igesi yemvelo njengoba uphethiloli eyinhloko.

Futhi, igesi yemvelo ihamba ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini zamakhemikhali izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokukhiqiza izinto ahlukahlukene organic. Ziyanda imidondoshiya yezimoto bayatfutfuka izimoto ku zokubasa okunye, kuhlanganise ne-hydrogen kanye negesi yemvelo.

Negesi okufanele asolwe kuphela

Ngokombono walaba ngesimiso semvelo, igesi yemvelo angabhekwa yezindlela nephephile uphethiloli organic. Nokho, ukuxhumana igesi ezindaweni eziningi izinto eziphathelene nempilo yomuntu nokushiswa okwalandela kwaholela ukwanda eziphindiwe okuqukethwe carbon dioxide emkhathini. Kungenjalo, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i- "Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini." Lena nomphumela omubi kakhulu phezu sezulu kule planethi yethu. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinga ukukhiqizwa eminyakeni yamuva ukunciphisa izinga enkulu kwekhabhoni. Khumbula igesi - omunye zokubasa nephephile.