Ukuqopha - kuyini? ebaziwe Famous

Ukulwela ukuba ubuhle, obonakaliswe art - mhlawumbe into kuphela esihlukanisa indoda kusukela isilwane. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bezama udale into enhle, phakathi ukuzingela sokusinda deducing amaphethini ezindongeni phandu yakhe. With ukuthuthukiswa humanity bezazisa art okuye ezingasho amafomu amasha. Omunye izinhlobo ezinkulu buciko kuyinto ebaziwe. Kuyini ebaziwe futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo ezikhona - it uzokutshela kulesi sihloko.

Into eyinhloko ebaziwe - umuntu, nakuba kungase futhi zibonisa izilwane, noma ezinye izinto. Kuye ngalokho impahla isetshenziswa, akhethiwe futhi izindlela zabo zokubumba okuhambisanayo yokwelashwa. Lokhu kungaba udini, ekwakheni, nginyathela noma ukusakaza.

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngale yimuphi umqondo, kufanele usinike definition ethize. Kuyini ebaziwe futhi yiziphi izici zayo? Ubunzima itholakala lokuthi ukuthi impendulo elula lo mbuzo akulula kangako. Nokho, ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi ke.

Incazelo: "Kuyini ebaziwe?" Izinhlobonhlobo ongakhetha

Noma yimuphi umqondo noma mkhuba ukuphathwa ngezindlela ezingefani. Isizathu salokhu siwukuthi yonke umhlaziyi obheka inkinga ngenye. Ngakho-ke, ngamunye eba incazelo yayo "ebaziwe". Kuyini ebaziwe, kungatholakala izichazamazwi ahlukahlukene.

Ngokusho isichazamazwi ochazayo sakwaEfrayim, ebaziwe kuyikhono - ukudala ivolumu (embossed) imifanekiso usebenzisa udini, ukusika noma ekubumbeni.

Esikhathini isichazamazwi achazayo of Ushakov, ungathola le ncazelo elandelayo: "Isifanekiso kuyikhono - womshini yenqwaba noma ayizindunduma izithombe - eziqoshiwe, imifanekiso, njll".

Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zonke ziyavumelana ukuthi ebaziwe - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi art. Futhi sokungabaza ngokuqinisekile akudingekile.

Ukuqopha. Kuyini ebaziwe?

Igama elithi ngokwalo livela egameni lesi Latin "Sculptura", ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "ebaziwe" noma "intambo." Phela, igama elithi "ebaziwe" livame ukusetshenziswa lapho bekhuluma izwi "ebaziwe".

kuchazwe kahle kakhulu-ke, uSergei sana, umculi osemusha onekhono, "nguye endaweni imizwa ehambisana nefomu." Isisekelo iyiphi ebaziwe ukuba ncamashi ukuma, ulimi lasendulo ongayithola futhi kuyaqondakala kunoma ubani.

Umlando ebaziwe

Izimpande leli fomu art iphindela endulo, inkathi Paleolithic, lokho lapho kwakukhona lokuqala imisebenzi yakhe. Ukuqopha ngesimo Imifanekiso yabesifazane nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala endaweni eziningi paleolithic amasayithi eNtshonalanga Yurophu - isiqinisekiso ecacile. Esikhathini Neolithic ezihlukahlukene esikhumbuzo sculptural wanda.

Yiqiniso, amaningi kwaba lolu hlobo lobuciko ngenkathi eGrisi lasendulo. Lokho ebaziwe isibe omunye amafomu main yokukhuluma wefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, ngesisekelo okwakukhona ubuntu zomuntu - a ngokuvumelanayo ithuthukiswe kokubili ngokomoya nangokwenyama. eziqoshiwe ezingenakubalwa onkulunkulu, namaqhawe wasenganekwaneni futhi amasosha babulawa amakhosi ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, elingafunwa kwaba into ebaziwe of indaba esaphila. Kuyini ebaziwe ekuqondeni amakhosi yamaGreki asendulo? Kuyinto ngaphezu kwazo zonke eguquguqukayo kanye plasticity amafomu organic, esekelwe eqondile imininingwane yokwakheka. Phakathi lokhu okuyinhloko omkhulu we ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo bungabonakala Phidias, Myron, Lysippus, Praxiteles nezinye.

A round esisha ukuthuthukiswa lithole into ebaziwe e xv-XVI eminyaka, ngesikhathi Renaissance, eyayisekelwe ngamasiko asendulo. Renaissance ebaziwe isibe maphakathi-Italy, phakathi Okugweda olukhulu isikhathi - Michelangelo, Donatello, Verrocchio nezinye Abadali.

ukunakwa Kuningi futhi ekhokhelwe ebaziwe futhi imibono yamaSoviet. Sekuvele ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekugqugquzeleni imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Isici esiyinhloko ebaziwe Soviet angabhekwa monumentality yayo. Itshe Ngokubabazekayo, izikhumbuzo omkhulu nezinkulungwane izikhumbuzo wabaholi lamaKhomanisi wayeshiye kithi ifa ebaziwe Soviet.

I ebaziwe yesimanje ku ongaphambili hhayi isithombe (into), futhi kukhethwa imibala, indlela yokwenza kanye izinto. Lokho umbala uba cishe ndlela okuyiyona yokukhuluma wobuciko ematsheni wesimanje.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu eziqoshiwe

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ebaziwe yilezi:

• round ebaziwe (empeleni, eziqoshiwe kanye busts);
• impumuzo ebaziwe (bas nempumuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu);
• ebaziwe Indoor;
• ebaziwe omkhulu.

Futhi, waqokomisa okunye kokuhlangenwe nezinhlobo ezithile yobuciko: i-miniature ebaziwe, kinetic, iqhwa, amapaki kanye nabanye. Ngu ebaziwe uhlobo kuyinto portrait, ekhaya, mlando, ongokomfanekiso.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza of izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu

Ukwenza izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu - nzima umsebenzi, edinga amakhono athile kanye nokusebenza kanzima. Uma unombono ka umqophi ngemisebenzi, iqala womshini samuntu yayo kungancishiswa ubukhulu sakhiwo. Kuphela uma kusakhiwo usulungile ngokuphelele, ungakwazi uqhubekele ebaziwe kakhulu.

Ukuze sculpting eziqoshiwe kudingeka izisekelo kanye ngohlaka lwensimbi. Khona-ke, umculi iqala wamboza uhlaka nobumba kuze kuze kube ubhekwa esiveza ukuthi iseduze isakhiwo yayo ngokubukeka. Kulokhu, it isebenzisa amathuluzi esikhethekile ukumodeliswa - kushe, kanye yezandla zabo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa njalo hydration impahla ngesikhathi ukubumba ukuze waqala inqamuke.

Lapho udini usuphothuliwe, lo umqophi kwenza umbono olunembile kudalwa izinto kunokukwenza nobumba. Khona-ke, esekelwe umbono, ebaziwe singabala omunye umsebenzi - rock, steel noma ngethusi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ayikho umsebenzi omkhulu sculptural akuyona ngaphandle pre-mba futhi womshini ukhonkolo. Nakuba emlandweni kwezithombe babe izingcweti owayesebenza ngqo impahla umthombo. Esinye sazo kwakungu-umdali kanye Michelangelo okukhulu.

Ukuqopha njengenhlangano amapaki nomhlobiso

Olunye uhlobo lokudla ebaziwe kuyinto epaki ebaziwe, ogama amasiko banomlando omude. Kunzima ukucabanga ipaki elihle noma ingadi yomphakathi ngaphandle umhlobiso sculptural. Leli siko gadi thutheleka ukubaza eyasungulwa kwamaGreki asendulo kwezempi. Kunzima ukucabanga kanye izingadi lasendulo ngaphandle eziqoshiwe sculpted wonkulunkulu, noma amaqhawe anesibindi.

Ekhulwini XVII isikhungo ukwenziwa ukubaza ngoba amapaki kanye izingadi babe Venice. amaqoqwana lonke wathenga ebaziwe ngoba amapaki yakhe yangasese izicukuthwane ezivela e-Austria, Poland neRussia. Ipaki ebaziwe ngaleso sikhathi kwaba esibalulekile umhlobiso Petersburg, owayebizwa ngenkuthalo yakhiwa. I ovelele kakhulu amakhosi Venetian kungenziwa ngokuthi Pietro Baratta, ogama okudaliwe usengakwazi ukubona Summer Garden Petersburg noma imvelo Tsarskoye Selo.

Ikakhulukazi ethandwa emapaki yesimanje ozuza okuthiwa topiary ebaziwe - ukudalwa lezi yobuciko lokuphila izitshalo - izihlahla noma nezihlahla.

Izwe kakhulu owaziwa ebaziwe

ukubaza nabadumile ezweni kwakuqala ukwanda ngenxa izici zayo. Sikulethela ukubaza namahlanu emhlabeni phezulu edume kakhulu.

1. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ye ukubaza lasendulo - kwesithombe unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Venera Milosskaya. Esifanekisweni ihlelo zemabula senziwe yesibili BC leminyaka ezisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Namuhla, ebaziwe imitha ezimbili kungabonakala igalari okhethekile Louvre.

2. ebaziwe eliphakeme - kwesithombe Buddha ngabaningi e China (Isifundazwe Henan). Ukuphakama ingqikithi lesikhumbuzo - 158 metres, umsebenzi wayo wokwakha laqedwa ngo-2002. I ebaziwe senziwa zethusi yabalingisi, futhi izindleko Imininingwane yephrojekthi zaba cishe u- $ 55 million.

3. oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke ebaziwe - a moai eziqoshiwe ku-Easter Island. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi esifanekisweni - umsebenzi amakhosi Polynesia lasendulo futhi ukufiphala sangomhla ukuba yokuqala yeminyaka BC.

4. ebaziwe yokushisekela izwe kakhulu - isithombe edumile emhlabeni wonke of Liberty - uhlobo uphawu abantu baseMelika. Kuyinto neyesibili eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

5. kakhulu ebaziwe segolide - kwesithombe Buddha, elise Thailand, Wat TRIME. Imitha emithathu ebaziwe eyingqayizivele ukuthi ngokuphelele ezenziwe ngegolide okuqinile.