Ukuqamba - Yini leyo? Ukuqamba zobuciko kanye nezincwadi. AmaCzech namaRomany njengenhlangano Innovator

Ukuqamba kunoma yimuphi umkhakha - kuyinto emisha, yafika entsha esekelwe ubudala, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana kuphulwa amasiko wangaphambili nemikhuba. Ukuqamba - uyisipho ekhethekile, ikhono ukusungula umcabango okuqhubekayo, uma sikhuluma izinga nobuntu.

Emisha in the ubuciko

Esikhathini art emisha - kungcono njalo kokuhilizisana sokugxekwa, ukungaqondi, ngisho ukulahlwa. Nokho, ngaphandle Okugweda, abadwebi, abalobi, izinto akudingeki isiko athuthukile.

Ngokwesibonelo, Giotto di Bondone kwaba Innovator kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe. Kusukela endulo senziwe nezibalo esikhathini imidwebo yenkolo kanye nemidwebo lalingaphezu emoyeni. Kodwa i-Florentine Giotto lokuqala, zabeka izinyawo zazo ngokuqinile emhlabathini. Wabuye ushintshe umqondo lubandlululo kanye ubuhlobo obuphakathi umdwebo bese umculi, futhi phakathi isithombe bese ubuka wakhe. Yiqiniso, emisha akuyona ngokushesha amukelwa efudumele, nakuba Giotto di Bondone, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, waqaphela u master okukhulu.

Izinto abaye bahlupheka kusukela ukugxekwa

Innovator umdwebi Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti amasu amasha yakhe neze asolwe ngokuhlubuka. Phela, echaza umzimba zosanta nje nqunu, kodwa izitho zangasese undisguised. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, abangcwele "sigqoke" ngamanye abaculi yiziphathimandla. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1994 izithombe wabuya ukubukeka yokuqala. Emakhulwini eminyaka baye badlula kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Kusukela ukugxekwa emisha yabo yobuciko babhekana umqophi Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (Ukukhanyiselwa), umculi uTeodor Zheriko (inkathi zothando) kanye nabanye abaningi.

Ukuqamba izincwadi ngesiRashiya

Nge novator Latin futhi elihunyushwe - "updater". Ukuqamba - iyona kwandzisa inqubo tetemibhalo, liyokwazi ukusimama, izinto ezintsha kanye impumelelo ezincwadini.

Ezincwadini isiRashiya, izixazululo abacebe ezintsha kwaba yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ke 50-60s. Khona-ke iqhakazile journalism futhi kwemibhalo. Ekhulwini XIX izincwadi Russian waba trendsetter emhlabeni. Yena ngokucace okuxoxwe phesheya. Ekhulwini XIX - ekhulwini kwetinhlavu ulimi etemibhalo eRussia, futhi ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kwaba nesandla Pushkin Aleksandr Sergeevich. Izimbongi we-Golden Age (okubizwa ngokuthi izincwadi kwekhulu XIX) waqala uhlaziye amakghonwabo. Ngo izinkondlo, imfanelo entsha, ngakho azama ukuthonya izingqondo zabantu ngezinhloso empini, ukuze sithuthukise izwe.

Eyiqiniso futhi akazange ame. Gogol futhi Pushkin babe abasunguli izinhlobo ezintsha kwezobuciko. Eqinisweni lo "muntu omncane 'Gogol, kanye" indoda engadingekile "ka Pushkin, nabanye.

Yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye yaphela nge ngamazwi ashiwo zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Ukuphela Ages kuvula amagama amasha - Leskov Gorky, Ostrovsky futhi laseChekhov.

Ukuqamba Chehova Antona Pavlovicha njengoba wemidlalo

Anton Pavlovich olusha idrama. Wayengumuntu ngokumelene theatricality futhi affectation. Ngo kudlala bakhe, abantu kanye yokuphila iyabonisa ukuthi bangobani. Wadela yaseshashalazini imiphumela ubudala.

Ngokwesibonelo, play "I Cherry Orchard" kwaba entsha ngokuphelele kule nkundla. Kwakungeyona idrama comedy romantic. Esikhathini play zazingekho isibhamu, usongo angaphandle kanye isiphetho esivusa amadlingozi. Inhloso wakhe wawenziwa ngo-kwemizwa jikelele sidalwe uquqaba kwezahlakalo. LaseChekhov enganikanga iyiphi Okwenza lo izakhi play, akazange adale umlingiswa oyinhloko - indoda abayokhethwa baphotha emhlabeni ingxabano. LaseChekhov unika ababukeli futhi abafundi ukuqonda Psychology izinhlamvu. Lyricism, ubulula, ukuhlaba ikhefu ukuze ugcizelele, futhi izincazelo landscape - konke isandla ekuqiniseni okuqonda ngokomzwelo.

Stanislavski wathi laseChekhov babesepulatifomu has iqiniso kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle. LaseChekhov wethula ku kudlala innuendo yakhe, innuendo netinkhulumiswano elula - njengoba empilweni.

Kwaba eseyintsha ngoba isimo saleli Russian nezincwadi.