Konstantin Ushinsky: Biography emfushane

Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich abadumile ngokuyinhloko njengoba umsunguli pedagogy isiRashiya, bese njengendlela umlobi. Nokho, ukuphila kwale ndoda abanamakhono Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside, lesi sifo wamthatha wonke amandla akhe, yena wayephuthuma ukusebenza futhi ukwenza abanye ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo-1867 wabuyela ekhaya eYurophu, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ngo-1871 (New Style), wafa eneminyaka engu-47 kuphela ubudala.

Konstantin Ushinsky wenza ngempela Russia kakhulu. Iphupho lakhe ezimkhanukelayo, ezilotshwe idayari yakhe siqu kwasebusheni wawuzoba esebenzisekayo wobaba. indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo Proper nemfundo asemasha futhi wanikela ukuphila kwakhe lo muntu.

Konstantin Ushinsky: Biography emfushane

Kostya wazalwa ngo Tula zi-19 kuNhlolanja 1823 emndenini yesikhulu - isiphathimandla umhlala, umakadebona we War of 1812. Biography Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich kubonisa ukuthi wachitha esengumntwana edolobheni Novgorod-Seversky, etholakala esifundazweni Chernigov, e ifa elincane abazali bakhe, lapho uyise wathunyelwa emsebenzini njengoba ijaji. Unina washona ekuqaleni kuka kakhulu, ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala.

Ngemva kokuphothula lendawo lolimi esikoleni uConstantine waphendukela umfundi khono umthetho eMoscow University. Wathweswa iziqu nge-honours. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva waba esebenza Uprofesa cameral wesayensi Lyceum e Yaroslavl.

Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe okhazimulayo kwaphazanyiswa ngokushesha okukhulu - e 1849. Ushinsky axoshwe "izibhelu" phakathi abafundi, lokhu kwaba nesandla imibono yakhe ezithuthukayo.

Qala imisebenzi yokufundisa

Konstantin Ushinsky waphoqeleka ukuba ukusebenza isikhundla esincane bureaucratic ku Wezangaphakathi. imisebenzi yayo ezifana unganelisekile ngisho becikekile (ngalo Diaries zakhe wabhala yena).

Injabulo enkulu yomlobi wathola kusukela imisebenzi ebhaliwe omagazini "Library Ukufunda" futhi "Contemporary", okuyinto wafaka izihloko zabo, izinguqulo zisuselwa esiNgisini futhi ubuyekeze zokwakha eyanyatheliswa angaphandle wabezindaba.

Ngo-1854, uKonstantin Ushinsky uqala ngisebenze njengevolontiya elifundisa ke umhloli we Gatchina Orphan Institute, lapho kubonakala njengenhlangano uthisha kakhulu, onguchwepheshe izisekelo imfundo nokuqeqeshwa.

tinchubo

Ngaphansi kwethonya ukunyakaza kwezenhlalo-Pedagogical ku 1857-1858 biennium. Ushinsky uyabhala kuyi "Journal of Education" ezinye izihloko zakhe, okuyinto ayenza ekuphileni kwakhe, beza kuye ngesikhathi esisodwa igunya nenkazimulo.

Ngo-1859 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile Umhloli we Smolny Institute for Noble emaNtombazaneni. Kulesi sikhungo owaziwa, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa asebukhosini, kuyilapho umoya letihamba ukuthopha, futhi servility. Zonke ukuqeqeshwa lwenziwe emoyeni yokuziphatha kobuKristu, okwagcina wehlela inculcation imikhuba yezwe, ukukhulekela uhulumeni tsarist kanye elwati yangempela.

kabusha

Ushinsky esasichithwa sikhungo kabusha naphezu ukumelana wothisha mva, uSathane wasungula uhlelo olusha ukuqeqeshwa. Manje, isihloko esiyinhloko sasiwulimi Russian nezincwadi, kanye ngesayensi yemvelo. Ngezinye eemfundweni zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ucwaningo wethula, njengoba lezi zimiso yokufunda ezibukwayo lwabangela nokwenziwa kangcono nokuqonda izihloko. Ngaleso sikhathi, samenywa ukuba sibe kuloku - amaMethodisti ezincwadini, geography, umlando, njll, futhi Vodovozov VI Semenov D. D., Semevskiy M. ngi ...

An isixazululo ezithakazelisayo kwaba ukwethulwa oneminyaka emibili liklasi labo Pedagogical yesibili phezu amakilasi eziyisikhombisa ukusilungiselela kangcono abafundi umsebenzi ewusizo. Kubuye futhi kubeke ku umkhuba umsebenzi pedagogical izingqungquthela kanye nemihlangano othisha. Baphinde babe unelungelo lokuphumula eseholidini namaholide nabazali.

Zonke lezi zenzakalo wajabula kakhulu Constantine Ushinsky. Biography izingane kufanele abe nesithakazelo yokuthi kwaba ngabo ukuthi wabhala yezinganekwane eziningi kangaka emangalisayo futhi izindaba.

izingane anthology

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngo-1861, idaliwe Ushinsky Anthology "Umhlaba Wezingane" ku isiRashiya for amamaki aphansi e izingxenye ezimbili, okuyinto ndawonye, futhi lokhu kwaziswa ngesayensi yemvelo.

Ngo 1860-1861 GG. esethembise umshado e ukuhlela "Journal of the Ministry of Education Yomphakathi", ukushintsha ngokuphelele ke uhlelo ungakujabulisi futhi omile futhi esenza sibe Umagazini wesayensi-Pedagogical.

Zonke isikhathi sami lunikezelwe Kulokhu, uMnu Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich. Biography emfushane ebonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ilethe izunzo emphakathini. Uyabhala futhi kubeka komagazini ngokwanele sihloko mva. Ukuze willfulness kumbhali enjalo ingasakwazi ukukhokhela. Yaqala hounding nozakwethu bammangalela kungathembeki zezombusazwe futhi abathanda ifilosofi.

Experience eYurophu

Ngo-1862, waqhumisa kusukela Smolny Institute. Bese kuthi-ke uhulumeni tsarist umthumela phesheya uhambo olude ukuze isifundo YaseYurophu imfundo yabesifazane. Ushinsky ubona lolu hambo njengoba kukhulunywa.

Nokho, ezama, ukuhlola zonke ngesikhulu isithakazelo lesi futhi wavakashela nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu. ESwitzerland, it is ikakhulukazi Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela ekwakhiweni imfundo yamabanga aphansi. iziphetho zabo kanye nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamile uConstantine Ushinsky kuyinto unencwadi lekufundza "AboMdabu Igama" futhi ukuqeqeshwa Imanuwali ke. Wabe silungiselela nemiqulu emibili yethi "indoda njengoba isihloko kwezemfundo" futhi ukuqoqa wonke zokwakha lwesithathu.

Izifo kanye nosizi

Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, uye wakhonza njengephayona isibalo somphakathi. Uye banyathelisa izihloko eziningi ezikhuluma izikole ngeSonto nezikole izingane ababazi, wayebuye abe ilungu Congress Pedagogical eCrimea. Ngo-1870 e Simferopol, wahambela izikole eziningana nangokuzithandela wahlangana kothisha nezingane zabo.

Omunye wothisha IP Derkachev wakhumbula ukuthi ehlobo lika-1870 Ushinsky ukubuyela ekhaya kusukela eCrimea, beya emzaneni Bogdanka Glukhovski County (Chernihiv esifundeni) ingathanda abize umngane wakhe NA neCorfu Katerinoslavshchina, kodwa abakwazanga ukukwenza. Esinye sezizathu sesiye abandayo, bese ngokufa okudabukisayo indodana yakhe endala, uPawulu. Ngemva kwalokho Ushinsky wathutha nomkhaya wakhe bahlala Kiev futhi sathenga indlu ku Tarasovskaya. Njalo wahle wathumela amadodanakhe baphathwe eCrimea. Endleleni Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich kakhulu umkhuhlane eyeka Odessa ukwelashwa, kodwa ngokushesha efa, kwaba ngo-January, 1871 (New Style). Wembelwa e Kiev Vydubychi Monastery.

Beloveds Ushinsky

Unkosikazi K. D. Ushinskogo baba Nadezhda Semenovna Doroshenko. Wahlangana naye emuva Novgorod-Seversky. Wayengomunye umndeni lasendulo Cossack. Ushinsky engumkabo ehlobo lika-1851 ngesikhathi evakashele abanamabhizinisi edolobheni. Sebenezingane ezinhlanu.

Indodakazi Vera (umyeni Poteau) ekhatsi Kiev ngezindleko zakhe siqu wavula wesilisa City College, ogama lakhe behlonipha uyise. Indodakazi yesibili Wethemba ne imali imisebenzi kayise wadala wesikole samabanga aphansi edolobhaneni Bogdanka, lapho ayehlala khona ngesikhathi Ushinsky.