Shindand, Afghanistan: isinyathelo sezempi, izithombe

Uyini dolobha elikhulu Shindand e Afghanistan? Yini impi abazenzi? On zale mibuzo kanye neminye sizobe ngayo kulesi sihloko. Shindand Iyidolobhana bezifunda centre Shindand Isifundazwe Gerant kumi Afghanistan zwe. It yasungulwa kwisayithi ye Iranian edolobheni ephakathi Sabzevar.

incazelo

Njalo isakhamuzi Afghanistan Shindand is njengoba idolobha elihle ezaziwayo. On amaphethelo angasenyakatho aleli le airfield yafakwa elikhulu (civil nakwezempi), usebenze OKSVA emoyeni imikhumbi phakathi neMpi Afghan (1979-1989.). Namuhla kuso ibekwe American wasemoyeni, Afghan anti-Taliban amabutho kanye ubunye Italy.

Intuthuko Shindand (Afghanistan) ebiyelwe umgwaqo indandatho, okuyinto lwezimali ezivela kuziphathimandla Iranian muva sibekwa emngceleni (zonke Western) ne-Iran, e-Afghanistan. Afghan Army ikhuthaza emtholampilo wezokwelapha khulula ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa izakhamizi wedolobha. Ayisebenzi, idolobha ibekwe onqenqemeni esigodini Zirka - omunye ezinkulu poppy isikhungo entshonalanga ye-Afghanistan.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuxhomekile elilinganiselwe amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Afghanistan (OKSVA) - igama elisemthethweni amaqembu USSR Armed Forces elise kuya ku-1989 e-Republic of Afghanistan.

Amandla kanye izindlela

Yini Shindand (Afghanistan) eyaziwa? Kuyaziwa ukuthi isifundazwe Herat kwahlanganiswa zone of umthwalo 5th ezinezinjini Guards Division ( "PPD" idolobha: Shindand futhi Herat) OKSVA futhi wakhonza njengephayona iphuzu indawo yayo unomphela.

Ground amabutho kanye esebenzisa division kwakuyilawa:

• 101st ezinezinjini kuqhuma Regiment (Herat);
• 12 ezinezinjini kuqhuma Guards (Herat);
• 371 th ezinezinjini kuqhuma Guards (Shindand);
• 1060 th wezikhali ibutho (Shindand);
• 650th kwesimo endaweni Battalion ahlukene ePrague Order Aleksandra Nevskogo (Shindand);
• 68th ahlukene sapper-ubunjiniyela Guards Battalion (Shindand) nabanye.

ubutha

Abantu abaningi bathanda cabanga izithombe Shindand (Afghanistan). Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa esikhathini kusuka July 1980 kuya ku-April 1984 esifundazweni Herat, futhi Shindand izifunda Herat, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile umsebenzi amabutho olwenziwa "Cascade" (ekhethekile amabutho amayunithi wama-KGB), "Karpaty-1", "Karpaty".

IziNyathelo ukusebenza abalulekile izingalo kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi ukuze uthwebule ukrepzony "Kokarev-Sharshara" egcwele phambi ububanzi ezindaweni ezikude sezintaba Iran-Afghanistan komngcele endaweni, esimweni lapho ukuhlobana zamanxusa kwaqinisa Umhlahlandlela OKSVA kwakwakhe.

Landing izindiza kokufika lokushaya Tactical endleleni eya izindawo ezisezintabeni ezifundazweni Herat nezingxenye extra alethwe namaqembu OKSVA. Ngakho, i-jikelele wezempi inqubo "Trap" ngo-1986, esifundazweni Herat, ngo-August 19-25, ezadala:

• 149th ezinezinjini kuqhuma Regiment Labaqaphi kanye 201st ezinezinjini kuqhuma Division (Kunduz);
• 345-th ahlukene parachute sisemoyeni ibutho (Bagram);
• 28 wezikhali Regiment esisheshayo 40 Army (Shindand);
• umngcele unogada WaseTurkey-bazarsky ksape.

Air Force

Njengoba amasosha ezisebusweni endaweni Shindand (Afghanistan), alwa? Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinjongo zokuthutha, ngokubambisana neNhlangano OKSVA umhlaba ibutho ekulweni ejimeni lepi abathintekayo: ukukhalipha, ukuhlaselwa, fighter-webhomu izindiza. Ubuholi be-Air Force elisungulwe 40 Army Okuqondiwe kwakuhlanganisa isicelo lokushaya ukuqhuma kwamabhomu (BAS).

Umyalo we Army 40 esifundazweni Herat ukusebenzisa umoya air amayunithi:

• 17 ahlukene ibutho ksapy (Turkmen SSR) - Airbase kuMariya, ibutho Kol N. Romaniuk;
• 302-th ahlukene indiza isigaba - esifundazweni Herat, Shindand Air Base;
• 303rd ahlukene indiza isigaba - esifundazweni Herat, Herat base emoyeni;
• 335th helicopter Regiment ahlukene - esifundazweni Nangarhar, Jalalabad Air Base;
• 378 th Attack Aviation Regiment ahlukene - esifundazweni Parwan, Kandahar, Afghanistan Bagram, Kandahar;
• 50th Aviation Regiment ahlukene okuxubile Kabul sezindiza;
• 200th Aviation ahlukene Ukuhlasela isigaba - Shindand esibulalayo;
• 154th Fighter-Bomber Regiment ahlukene - Kandahar esibulalayo;
• 378 th Aviation Regiment lokushaya ahlukene - Shindand airfield.

yisango lezulu

Uyazi, yileso Shindand airfield (Afghanistan)? Izithombe into lapha ngenzansi. Empeleni, lokhu ukuphela etholakala eduze Shindand, endaweni engamamitha 1158 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Inama a evulekile 2700 x 48 m I-EIA-302 (ehlukile indiza isigaba - "Mi-8Mt", "Mi-24" ukuthi inamathelisiwe "I-MI-6"). Wenza yonke entshonalanga ye-Afghanistan. Zone of aqondisa: nobubanzi - kusukela angaphandle Soviet (Turagundi-Kushka) engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-republic - ehlane Gerishka, Zaranj, Lashkar Gah (Loshkarevki) bese, ikuphi - Iran ukuze ujike kwentaba Chaghcharan.

Ngo-1986, 22 Disemba, ukwakheka kwe-EIA 302nd ngaphansi kobuholi uLieutenant Colonel Shvetsova usuthathe indawo "Alexander black engamakhulu" futhi uqede umsebenzi elisezingeni "Wild Division Shvetsova" ngo-1987, mhlaka-23 Okthoba.

Namuhla Airbase okusetshenziswa ekusekeleni inter-yobuhlanga nokuvikeleka amandla (ISAF). Esikhumulweni sezindiza, mina-838 itshalwa neqembu expeditionary sokweluleka wase-United States Air Force. Iqembu uhlanganyela ISAF futhi NATO Training Mission e-Afghanistan.

Ngo Shindand liphinde iphiko wesithathu Afghan National Army Air Force.

Operation "Trap"

Kunoma yikuphi idolobha ezempi Shindand (Afghanistan) kwakuhileleke? Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1986, ngo-August 18-26, amabutho aseSoviet wona e Afghanistan kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa lempi codenamed "Ugibe." Kwakuyisikhathi emikhulu izingalo kuhlanganiswe emoyeni-phansi umkhankaso, owawusedolobheni esifundazweni esentshonalanga Herat. Injongo ukuhlela ngokuhlanganyela nemisebenzi OKSVA amabutho semi olusemthethweni dra (Wezangaphakathi, Ministry of State Security BC Dra) ngalokhu, ukuze ichithe emizimbeni ukuhlinzeka Logistics and ilungu Amayunithi Afghan ukuphikiswa ahlomile "amaqembu United Western 'owaziwa ensimini umkhuzi Ismail Khan.

Isenzo kwenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu ngaphambili umxhwele entabeni futhi elisezansi ezizobekwa kuyo komngcele Iran, isifunda sezintaba nayo kule Sharshara County Herat ubudala. Emathafeni ase-eqala nokwesithathu ukusebenza ukulolonga ezindaweni ezakhelene Herat, amalungu amaqembu endawo entabeni ukuba anqobe isizinda ndawo "Kokarev-Shayshari" - obalulekile zokuhamba kanye nokwesekwa iphuzu eliseduze komngcele Iran.

Lo msebenzi uye waqaphela njengesinye impumelelo emikhulu kuhlanganiswe-izingalo imisebenzi emibhalweni yaminyaka OKSVA impi Afghan (1979-1989 GG.).

emkhankasweni wempi

Ngu ukusebenza kwe-"Western" Kwakuhileleke namayunithi OKSVA: 5th ezinezinjini Infantry Guards Division, etholakala esifundazweni Herat, le 149th ezinezinjini kuqhuma Guards (Kunduz) kanye 345th Airborne parachute Guards ehlukile (Bagram), umxhwele Air Force amabutho ka airbases Shindand, Kabul Bagram, uMariya (Turkmen SSR) kanye Jelalabad. Kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga eyingoduso Dra 17 Infantry Division, 5th Armored Brigade nabanye.

Ukufa zokuhlasela izindiza "Su-25"

Ngakho, usuwazi ukuthi Shindand Air Base (Afghanistan) e impi wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Ngokubambisana phansi amabutho ethuthuka amabutho ewuhlasela izindiza "Su-25" oshap 378th kokuthatha off kusukela Airbase Shindand. ukuhlasela ngokuhlaselwa ngamabhomu abangu okuhloswe ngaso ukubhujiswa ukuxhumana ubunjiniyela kumugqa eduze ne-Iran - endaweni "Kokarev-Sharshara" isizinda ndawo, futhi nokucindezela isitha labadubuli amaphuzu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadivayisi anti-aircraft zu-23-4 kanye ezihlukahlukene MANPADS isitha njalo ephakanyiswe umlilo impendulo okuhloswe ezinjalo. Ngo-1986, 23 Agasti, i-British Blowpipe MANPADS (micibisholo "phansi-to-air") nge umhlaba porubezhnye Iran ihlaselwe kuhlasela "Su-25" oshap 378th, eholwa uCaptain A. G. Smirnovym. IBhodi kuleliphuzu ku impi imigca futhi aphume dive.

Le ndiza waqala spin-roll kusukela iphaphalaze yaphuma emzileni wayo futhi iqedwe. Umshayeli wakwazi ukukhipha, yena waxoshelwa ngendiza enophephela emhlane usendaweni kokwehla.

isikali

Lapho ukusebenza lempi esifundazweni Herat (1986, August 18), ibutho umkhuzi esimisiwe amaqembu esihamba phambili. Ehamba phambili wahamba ngenxa umgomo selisho intelligence and self-led nezisebenzi 24 ngaphezulu, uholwe Hari Rud emfuleni embhedeni.

Inhloso esigabeni esiphansi yomkhankaso kwaba ukunikeza ukuphepha kanye armored amakholomu ezinyakazayo izimoto on the track "Kushka - Herat - Kandahar", ethwele lempi, izimpahla zezenhlalakahle nezakhamuzi e Helmand futhi Kandahar izifundazwe.

Ukuhlasela ngamabhomu pilot kwadingeka ukusula indawo Herat ekulweni nesitha futhi abhubhise ingqalasizinda mujahideen. I izindiza eyathatha amasonto amaningana. Lapho ngiphothula ukuhamba kakhulu kusuka Kandahar futhi Shindand waya imvunulo kanye amasosha lagibela le ezinophephela emhlane emoyeni. Top ubonakala ngokucacile, njengoba kwaba ukusebenza emikhulu.

Isiphetho 5-1 Guards. MSD kusukela ikampu kusukela Shindand - Herat - Turugundi - Kushka waqala, ngokuhambisana uhlelo, January 29, 1989. Ukuqoqa out PP 371 SME, PP 101 SME. Lokukhipha division yaphela ngo-1989, ku-15 Februwari. Esikhundleni unomphela ukuthunyelwa Phiko e Kushka.