Ukuphakama okungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni: lapho lokhu kwenzeka

Inani lamanzi ezinqolobaneni alifani kulo lonke unyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni noma ukwehla okuphawulekayo. Isibonelo, imicibisholo yemifula yamapulanka e-temperate latitudes igcwele entwasahlobo ngesikhathi ukuqubuka kwezinhlanzi ngokushesha, lapho iziteshi zingakwazi ukuqukatha amanzi okugeleza okusheshayo nokukhukhula, ukukhukhula isikhukhula.

Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi izikhukhula, kodwa akukhona kuphela okubangela ukushintsha okuphawulekayo ekuphakameni kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwemvula engavamile, ukukhuphuka kungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni kubhaliwe. Lesi sikhukhula sibizwa ngokuthi isikhukhukhula, futhi imiphumela yaso iyamanzi. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi lezi zenzakalo zihluke kanjani nokuthi zivela kanjani kulesi sihloko.

Ukukhukhula

Isikhukhula semvula ephindaphindiwe nesasikhathi sinye, esibizwa ngokuthi izikhukhula, kubangelwa inqubo yemvelo yokudonsa ngokushesha izinhlanzi. Lesi isenzo esihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Yenza ukwanda okukhulu emanzini emfuleni, okuvame ukukhipha indlela yokuphuma komzila ojwayele futhi ukukhukhula kwezikhukhula eziseduze. Ngokuvamile, lesi senzakalo asikwazi ukubhekwa njengokwenyuka ngokungazelelwe ezingeni lamanzi emfuleni, ngoba isimo esinjalo sihlale sibikezela, kodwa lesi sizwe sihlukile esivamile. Ngesikhathi samanzi aphakeme, isabelo sezingonyama sevolumu esiphelele sokugeleza konyaka sivela ku-50 kuya kuma-80%.

Isikhathi salesi simo sithinta izici zomgwaqo wamanzi, umsoco wayo kanye nomhlaba lapho ugeleza khona. Ngakho-ke, amanzi aphezulu entwasahlobo atholakala emanzini amaningi emathafeni ngokudla kweqhwa. Ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwalokhu yimifula egeleza phakathi kwamahlathi e-coniferous namaxube asezintabeni zaseRussia. Zilawulwa yiqhwa lokudla, kanti kusukela ukuqala kokuqhaqha kweqhwa kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke umkhukula ufika ngesikhathi esifanayo. Intaba ivame ukugcwala ehlobo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi, ukuqubuka kwamaqhwa amaqanda kuqala , okwenza ukukhuphuka kungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni. Izikhukhula zasehlobo ziphinde zitholakale emifuleni enezinhlobo ezondla imvula ezindaweni ezikude zaseMpumalanga EMpumalanga ezibonakalayo ezinobusika obusika nasehlobo ehlobo.

Inqubo yokwanda kwamanzi ayinalingani: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ifika kancane kancane, bese ihamba ngesivinini, ivame ukufinyelela amamitha angu 0.3-0.6 ngosuku. Ukuphakama kwamanzi emifuleni encane naphakathi kungaba yi-2-4 m, emanzini amakhulu - kuze kube ngu-20 m. Ngokuvamile ngisho nokufika kwamanzi okulindelekile, imiphumela emibi kakhulu ibangelwa ukulahla okukhulu.

Ngelinye igama, ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni okubangelwa yizamcolo kungokwemvelo, futhi isikhathi saso sichazwa yizici zemvelo lapho umfula ugeleza khona.

Ubude bomkhukula

Emanzini amancane, izinga lamanzi libuyela emuva evamile emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhuphuka kwamanzi lifika kubo ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala. Emifuleni emikhulu yemikhumbi, isikhathi sokukhukhula siyizinyanga ezingu-2-3, kanti ukuphakama okuphezulu kulungiswe izinsuku ezingu-20-30.

Ngokuphambene, ukwanda kwezinga kuwela izikhathi eziningana isikhathi eside. Isikhukhula samanzi sivame ukuhambisana ne-ice drift, isikhathi esivela kuyo kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-15.

Ukuphakama okungazelelwe emanzini emfuleni, okwenziwe yizikhukhula

I-phenomenon ye-oda ehluke ngokuphelele ibhekwa njengesikhukhula, okwenzekayo okungenakulinganiswa. Lapha, noma isikhathi, noma i-periodicity, noma ukuhlala njalo kubandakanyeka, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukucabanga ngomcimbi wokuzenzekelayo. Ukukhukhula kubonisa imiphumela yezinto, okuholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwesikhashana emanzini emfuleni. Ukukhukhula kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zonyaka. Akulona neze incike emisebenzini yokuphila komfula futhi ingashukunyiswa izimo zezulu ezingavamile - imvula eningi, i-snowmelt, njll.

Isibonelo, izimvula ezinomsoco eNdiya nasePakistan zibangela ukuqhuma komfula izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Ubude besikhukhula buhluka kusukela emahoreni amabili kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-3-7.

Ukukhukhula

Ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe emanzini, okungokwemvelo noma okungalindelekile emfuleni, kubangela imiphumela, ebizwa ngokuthi izikhukhula. Kubonakala ngezikhukhula zemifula, izikhukhula zezwe futhi kuxhomeke kuphela ngobukhulu bezamcolo noma amanzi aphezulu. Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okubangelwa yizikhukhula kuhlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lapha ukubaluleka okuphawulekayo yizinga lokulindela noma ukungahleliwe kwento eyenzekayo.