Kamchatka: uhlobo lwesifunda, izitshalo nezilwane, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Imvelo yaseRussia iyamangalisa futhi ihlukile . I-Kamchatka yisifunda esiyingqayizivele sezintaba. Ihlukaniswa ukuhluka kwezwe, isimo sezulu esibuhlungu, ukuceba kwezwe nesitshalo.

I-Geography yesifunda

I-Kamchatka, uhlobo oluhlala lubonisa izinkathazo kubacwaningi, yi-peninsula enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Eurasia. Ihlanzwa yizilwandle ze-Okhotsk neBering, kanye ne-Pacific Ocean. Inomumo ohlangene, usuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ngamakhilomitha angu-1200, ububanzi bawo obuphezulu abudluli 440 km. Indawo yaseKamchatka ingamamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-270. I-Km.

Kusukela enyakatho, i-peninsula ixhunywe yisakhiwo esincane, esigabeni esiphambene esingaba ngu-90 km.

Ulwandle olungasentshonalanga luhlala phansi futhi luphansi, ngezinye izikhathi lugwadule. Ulwandle olusempumalanga luwumzila othobekile oqoshiwe, unqunywe ngamatshe kanye nama-bays.

I-peninsula ikhambelana nemifula eminingi. Cishe zonke zivela kuma-glaciers noma ezinyaweni zezintaba. Amanzi kuwo ahlanzekile kakhulu, afanele ukuphuza ngaphandle kokuhlanza nokupheka. Umfula omkhulu kakhulu yiKamchatka. Kukhona namachibi amaningi lapha.

Indawo ye-volcanism yanamuhla

Yini ethakazelisayo ngeKamchatka? Uhlobo lunikeza ngokukhululeka ngezintaba-mlilo. Kunezinhlayiya eziyizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-2,5 ezintaba-mlilo - cishe izintaba-mlilo ezingaba ngu-300 ezingapheli futhi ezingaphezu kuka-30. Ziyikhanga eliyinhloko le-peninsula. Izimbongi zizibiza ngokuthi izibani, zikhonjiswe esembatho sezingalo kanye nefulegi yesifundazwe.

Enye yezintaba-mlilo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zaseKamchatka yi-Ichinsky, okuphakama kwayo okungamamitha angu-3621. Lenza umcabango ucabange ngosayizi nobujamo bawo. Ukubona okungavamile nokuhle kakhulu ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kwe-obsidian eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

E-Kamchatka yi-volcano ephakeme kakhulu e-Eurasia - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-4750. Ngaphezu kokuthi "ukukhula" kwayo, kuhlukaniswe ifomu elihle kakhulu elivamile. Eduzungezile kunezintaba ezingu-12 ezincane. Iqembu lonke libizwa ngokuthi ipaki yemvelo.

Eningizimu ye-peninsula enye yezintaba-mlilo, okuthiwa "Ikhaya". Ihlanganisa iKozelsky (amamitha angu-2190), i-Avachinsky (amamitha angu-2,751) ne-Koryak (amamitha angu-3,346).

I-Avacha, i-Mutnovsky ne-Karymsky ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kuka-Avacha kubhalwe ngo-1991, kanti uKarymsky ubonise umsebenzi oqhubekayo kusukela ngo-1996.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi, iKamchatka iyinhlangano yebholabhuthi yemvelo ekwakhiweni kwezintaba-mlilo. Umhlaba wonke wesayensi ubona izinqubo ezingavamile zokuzalwa kwazo, okwenzeka ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu, njengasezikhathini zangaphambili.

I-peninsula yindawo ewusebenzayo. Isikhathi ngasinye sishukunyiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba, amandla omuntu afinyelela amaphuzu angu-9-10.

Isimo sezulu

IKamchatka ilawulwa yisimo sezulu esinomsoco nesipholile. Eziqhingini kunzima kakhulu futhi kunomoya onamandla kuneziqhingi. Iqhwa, eneziqhumane zeqhwa, lifika ngoNovemba futhi empeleni lihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. NgoMeyi kuphela kunomthombo omfishane omfushane, futhi ngemuva kwawo yihlobo elifanayo elifushane, ngokuvamile livamise, ngezinye izikhathi liyashisa, kodwa livame ukukhula ngezimpikiswano zemifino yezimbali. I-autumn idume kakhulu futhi ifudumele.

I-flora nezilwane

Isimo sasendle saseKamchatka cishe asizange sithathwe ngumuntu. Sekuphelele, iKamchatka inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1200 zezitshalo - izihlahla, izihlahla nezinhlanzi. Ezinye zazo zikhona, okungukuthi, azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.

Izimila zohlobo lwe-alpine zihlala ogwini; Ngaphezulu kwamamitha angu-1400 ngaphezu kolwandle - intaba tundra, ngisho nakakhulu - ama-wastelands anezimila ezingavamile. Isimo se-peninsula singotshani obude. Amakhambi akhula abe ngamamitha ayi-3-4! Ehlobo nasehlobo, ziqhakaza ngesihluku, ngakho-ke iKamchatka iyathuthuka, njengase-kaleidoscope, ikhukhula amagagasi ombala - ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kufakwa esikhundleni sombala we-lilac, kancane kancane uhlanjululwa ngezimhlophe, bese uguqulwa ngombala obomvu, bese uphinde ubeke i-orange egcweleyo -Umuntu nomuntu obomvu. Umbala ngamunye uhlala cishe ngesonto. Ukuziqhenya kwalesi siqhingi kuyinto i- Venus shoe orchid , i- Reeder bathing vat, i-pear-red-pear, i-rose topus nezinye izitshalo.

Imfuyo yaseKamchatka iphinde ihluke: izinhlobo ezingu-500 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezingu-300 zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingu-90 zezilwane ezincelisayo - i-sandy, i -ermermine, i-squirrel ehamba ngezinyawo, i-hare, i-otter, i-lynx, i-reindeer, imvu ye-polar, i- fox kanye nabanye. Kwezilwane ezidla inyamazane, eyingozi kunazo zonke yibhebhe elibomvu laseKamchatka. Abamele abaningi bezilwane zasemhlabeni yizinambuzane, balinganiselwa ku-80% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlangene esiqhingini.

Umnotho wesifunda

Isifunda esingenakuphengululwa yiKamchatka. Imvelo yakhe inzima, inemibalabala futhi imnandi. Isimo sezulu esibucayi, isimo esincane nesimo esingakhiwe sendawo eningi senza lesi sifunda sibe yindawo ehlanzekile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ayikho isitimela, uxhumano olukhulu lokuthutha lomoya (izindiza kanye nezindiza-moya), ulwandle kanye nemoto.

Isikhungo sokuphatha kanye nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke - i-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky elinabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Ezinye izindawo eziphawulekayo yi-Elizovo, Paratunka, Milkovo, Esso, Anavgai, Ust-Kamchatsk, Kozerevsk nabanye.

Esifundeni, abadobi, ama-metallurgy kanye nezolimo basungulwa kakhulu. Ukuvakasha kuye kwakha ngokushesha kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva. IKamchatka, onobuhle obungavamile, obunemibala futhi enobudlova, idonsela izinkulungwane zabantu abadlulele ngaphandle kokugibela kuphela izikhwama noma izinja, kodwa futhi banqobe iziqongo zezintaba, behla emagqumeni ezintaba-mlilo, vakashela iSigodi samaGesi. Ukungaziwa kwemigwaqo yaseKamchatka kungenakufinyeleleka nokungazibikezeli, ngakho-ke kufanele nakanjani usebenzise izinsizakalo zomhlahlandlela onolwazi.