Ukungcoliswa izilwandle zomhlaba: ukubaluleka inkinga, izici eziyinhloko nezindlela ukuba banqobe

Uma ubheka izithombe iplanethi yethu eyenziwe kusukela isikhala, akucaci ukuthi kungani wabizwa ngokuthi "Umhlaba". Angaphezu kuka 70% ubuso bayo imbozwe amanzi, okuyinto 2.5 izikhathi enkulu kunemicebo ndawo Imininingwane. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi mancane amathuba okuthi ukuthi ukungcoliswa izilwandle zomhlaba kungase kube abalulekile ukuze le nkinga kuzodinga ukunakwa yaso sonke isintu. Nokho, amaqiniso nezibalo baphoqeleka ukuba sicabange ngokungathí sina futhi uqale ukuthatha isinyathelo, hhayi kuphela ukulondoloza kanye nokugcina emvelweni Zomhlaba, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukusinda esintwini.

imithombo Ezisemqoka kanye izici

izwe inkinga ukungcola olwandle njalo ngonyaka sekuba ukukhathazeka okukhulayo. izinto ezilimazayo kuwo iwe ikakhulu emifuleni, amanzi njalo ngonyaka kuletha iwumthombo isintu amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-320 yensimbi nosawoti ahlukahlukene, i-6 Mill. amathani phosphorus, ingasaphathwa nezinkulungwane zabanye chemical compounds. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa izilwandle zomhlaba livela emkhathini futhi 5 amathani mercury 1 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-hydrocarbon, 200 amathani phambili ... amanzi wabo uthola cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabo bonke umquba amaminerali asetshenziswa kwezolimo, kuphela phosphorus kanye nitrogen uwela ngonyaka amathani abangaba yizigidi ezingu-62. Ngenxa yalokhu ithuthuka ngokushesha ezithile zasolwandle kuvuthe kodwa unicellular, ukwakha izikhundla olwandle ukuvundulula omkhulu "ingubo" lonke endaweni amakhilomitha square kanye ukushuba kuka 1.5 amamitha. Wenzisa okwengane nabezindaba, zihamba kancane ucishe ezilwandle wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. kwamazinyo abo ibusa i-oksijini evela emanzini, okuyinto enomthelela ukufa eziphilayo benthic. Futhi-ke, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle emhlabeni ngokuqondile okuhlobene ngokusetshenziswa kwamafutha namafutha imikhiqizo lwesintu. Nge ukukhiqizwa yabo ezivela emikhakheni sogu lolwandle, kanye ngenxa amanzi emifula ochithekile ngamaloli izingozi minyaka yonke isuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-5 kuya 10. Le filimu uwoyela esakha phezu kwamanzi ivimbela umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya phytoplankton, okuyinto ingenye abakhiqizi eyinhloko-mpilo emkhathini, umswakama kanye liletha ukutjhisa exchange phakathi nomkhathi nolwandle, ubulala izinhlanzi gazinga kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. I ongagcwali ukujula imbeleko abantu eseke amathani kamasipala kukadoti nezezimboni owawudinga umsebenzi (1,5-109 Ci) angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20. I ukungcola enkulu kwenzeka izilwandle engajulile zone zomhlaba ugu, okungukuthi, e eshalofini. Kulapha ithumba iningi imisebenzi ebalulekile eziphilayo zasolwandle.

Izindlela unqobe

Okwamanje, le nkinga wokuvikela izilwandle zomhlaba isibe uphuthuma kangaka, ngisho ngokuqondene nalabo ithi abanayo ukufinyelela ngqo emngceleni walo. Siyabonga eZizweni Ezihlangene manje usebenza eziningi izivumelwano ezibalulekile ezihlobene ukulawulwa ukudoba, lokuthumela, izimayini kolwandle ezijulile, njll Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo "Charter wezilwandle", ungene ngemvume 1982 by emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Emazweni athuthukile, uhlelo lusebenza akuvumelekile futhi ugunyaza izinyathelo kwezomnotho ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusilaphazeka. Ukuze umkhathi uyakwazi khona eziningi "green" umphakathi. Lokubaluleke kakhulu imfundo kanye umsebenzi wokufundisa, umphumela olubonakala ngokucacile ngesibonelo okufanayo eSwitzerland, lapho uthando imvelo zabantwana bakwa ezweni baqonde ngenhliziyo ubisi lukanina! Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi lapho sezikhulile, umqondo kokuzama ukuketula nobumsulwa ubuhle kuleli zwe elihle ubukeka ukuhlambalaza. Zikhona nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye yenhlangano emzabalazweni okuhloswe ngaso nokuvimbela ukungcola obengeziwe izilwandle zomhlaba. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ngamunye wethu - akusiwona ukuba nandaba, futhi enza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iplanethi yethu wawufana ipharadesi, lapho-ke ekuqaleni kwaba.