Ukuhlaziywa "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" Nekrasov

Ngo-1946, uViktor Nekrasov, umbhali ongaziwa, wangena ezincwadini. "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" - ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kunikezwe kulesi sihloko - indaba eyavula ikhasi elisha ngesithombe seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Abanye bayokubiza ngokuthi "umsele", abanye - "amalunga amanga." Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, okubalulekile ukuthi kubhekeke ngokuphelele izenzakalo ezimbi zakamuva. Phakathi nendawo yesithombe okokuqala kwakungamasosha alula kanye nabaphathi bawo, bebazi ngokugcwele ubunzima bokuphila kwangaphambili.

Mayelana nomlobi

U-V. Nekrasov wazalelwa eKiev (ngo-1911, i-protagonist ye-autobiographical yenanveli ikhumbula leli dolobha ngokufudumala). Ngaphambi kwempi wathola ubuchwepheshe bomklami, wayethanda imidlalo yaseshashalazini, ukudweba, izincwadi. Wazama ukubhala, kepha impilo, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ayizange inikeze indaba efanelekayo, futhi indaba eqanjiwe yayingenandaba nombhali, noma kubahleli.

Ngaphambili, u-N. Nekrasov wayevela ezinyangeni zokuqala zempi - lokhu kuboniswa yindaba nokuhlaziywa kwalo. "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" - umsebenzi obhaliwe ngesisekelo sokubheka kanye nokuzwa kombhali. Kamuva umlobi wakhumbula ukuthi i-detonator yangempela (futhi yena, njengeqhawe lakhe, wayekhonza njengenjiniyela wezempi kanye nephini lomphathi wamabutho wezinjini zasensimini) wabona kuphela ngemva kokwehlukana kwempi isibhamu sokuqala-ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlukunyezwa okungaphumelela eduze kwaseKharkov. U-Nekrasov waba yingxenye ekuvikeleni uStalingrad futhi esikhumbeni sakhe wazi konke ukuhlupheka kobuchwepheshe bokuphila kwansuku zonke. Wadutshulwa ngemuva kwesilonda ekupheleni kwempi - ngo-1945.

Umlando wokudala indaba "Emathangeni aseStalingrad"

Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kufanele kuqale ngomlando wokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi esibhedlela saseKiev, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wagijimela ukuthi ngemva kokulimala, isandla sakhe sokunene sasingasebenzi kahle. Ngeseluleko sikadokotela, waqala ukuthuthukisa: wabhala okuningi. Lokhu kwakuyizinkumbulo zokuzivikela ngobuqhawe kwedolobha kuVolga ngo-1942-1943. Umvikeli weDeveli waseStalingrad unesifiso sokuhlanganyela nabafundi isipiliyoni futhi akhulume ngo-comrades zakhe ezandleni. Ngakho amakhasi okuqala endabeni avele, ekuqaleni kokukhumbuza idayari lomuntu oyinhloko, u-Yuri Kerzhentsev.

Kamuva u-Nekrasov wayebeka amanothi e-notebook kumuntu owujwayele, futhi wathumela umbhalo oqediwe womsebenzi nomngane (ngokungahleliwe!) EMoscow. Futhi emva kwesikhathi esithile ku-"Banner" sanyatheliswa umsebenzi "Stalingrad", ukuhlolwa okuphikisana ngokushesha. Kwabaningi, okuqukethwe nokuhlaziywa kwendaba "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" kubangele ukunganeliseki. Okokuqala, iqiniso lokuthi lalingenalo izinkulumo ezijwayelekile zokulalisana ezibhekiswe kumholi nabasebenzi abaphezulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uStalin ngokwakhe wavuma umsebenzi, okwaholela ekunikezelweni komlobi ngo-1947 we- Stalin Prize yesigaba sesibili.

Isici sokulandisa

Le ndaba ibhalwe egameni le-lieutenant, oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, u-Yuri Kerzhentsev. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi, cishe nsuku zonke, indaba mayelana nokubuya kwabantu abaningi baseSoviet kusukela e-Oskol kuya eVolga, cishe amasonto okuphila eStalingrad, ukuthula kokuqala, ukuphazanyiswa yi-bombardment ebusayo yesitha, bese kuthiwa empini - ngesikhathi sezimpi ezinkulu zeMamyev Kurgan futhi esondela emzini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ukuhlaziywa kubonisa, "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" (indaba) ayinayo incazelo ecacile yezimpi namaqhawe amaqhawe amasosha aseSoviet. Yonke imidwebo inamandla kakhulu futhi ayiqiniso - ukuthula, ngokusho kukaNekrasov, endabeni akuyona ngaphezu kwe-1%. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokumane.

Umlobi wayefuna ukukhombisa abavikeli bangempela bezwe ngamehlo ompi owaziwa ngesikhathi sempi imizwelo yemvelo yemvelo: ukulangazelela impilo enokuthula nomndeni, ukuziqhenya kumakholwane akhe, ukuhlazeka ngenxa yokuqeda nokuhluleka, ukwesaba ukuqhuma kanye nomlilo ongapheli emathangeni eStalingrad . Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kubonakala sengathi kudlulisela umfundi empini, futhi yena, elandela protagonist, uzama ukucabanga kabusha okwenzekile, ukuze aqonde ukuthi yimuphi intengo ukunqoba kwabanikezwa abantu.

Indima yezintambo zokucabangela kanye nokuzindla kweqhawe

Izincazelo zeqiniso zivame ukuphazanyiswa yi-retrospective yesikhathi esedlule. Engxenyeni yokuqala kunezinye zazo, engxenyeni yesibili, lapho uchungechunge lomcimbi lukhula ngokushesha, azikho eziningi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula okubuhlungu, izinkumbulo zikaKerzhentsev zakwaKyiv wakhe othandekayo, lapho kwasala khona ikhaya lakhe nomndeni, yizikhumbuzo. Iqhawe libhekene nobuhlungu obuningi kusukela ekuthi manje ama-fascists aphethe lapho.

Izinsuku ezimbalwa ezinokuthula eStalingrad zikhumbuza intombazane ethandekayo, imisebenzi yangaphambi kwempi kanye nokuzilibazisa, okungeke kube okufana nokuqala. Izingxoxo esitshalweni, ezilungiselela ukuqhuma, zikhumbuza izinkumbulo zezindaba ze "Sevastopol". Kuzo, u-L. Tolstoy uxoxisana "nokuthanda izwe okufihlekile" kwabantu baseRussia. Yilokho umlingisi oyinhloko manje obona eceleni kwakhe, uNekrasov ugcizelela.

Emathangeni aseStalingrad (ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe ezifaniyo kugcizelela ukufundwa kokufunda), u-Yuri udonsela amehlo emvelo. Incazelo ye- autumn landscape, ezolile futhi ehloniphekile, okubhekene nazo izenzakalo ezimbi ezibonakalayo, kusiza ukuzwa ngokujulile ubunzima bezinhlekelele zalokho okwenzekayo. Lo mbono wezwe uphendukela Kerzhentsev kumuntu ozama ukuxazulula inkinga yaphakade yokuphila nokufa, ubuqhawe nobuqotho, ubuqotho nobuzenzisi.

Isithombe sempi

Ukuhlaziywa "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" (indaba kaNekrasov) kuletha umfundi kumqondo oyinhloko. Emgqeni ngamunye umlobi ukhuluma kabi ngendlela impilo esheshayo ngayo: ngomzuzu owodwa umuntu ukhulume, uphefumulelwe, futhi manje ulele ngokubukeka okungapheli kanye nomzimba odilikayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo konke kwenzeka njalo nsuku zonke, futhi incazelo yobuso obuhlukahlukene bokufa nokuhlupheka kwabantu kwenza kube lula ukuqonda izinga eliyiqiniso lenhlekelele yabantu. Iqiniso elihle kakhulu lichaza ukufa kukaNekrasov kwabalimele esiswini esiswini saseLazarenko nomuntu omncane omshini womshini. Njengobonakaliso obubi kunazo zonke bokufa, ukhumbula isosha elibulewe, elinomphefumulo walo ophelile. Ithonya eliyingqayizivele lethonya libuye lithathwe iziqephu ezitshela, isibonelo, mayelana nokuzivikela kwamagundane noma ukuthunjwa kwamagquma, lapho isandla esincane samasosha aseSoviet angasebenzi kahle sibhekene nenqola yesitha ngamathangi kanye nezibhamu zomshini.

Isithombe somlingisi oyinhloko

Ukuhlaziywa kwendaba "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" I-Nekrasov ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokwedlulisela ubuntu buka-Yuri Kerzhentsev. Ungumuntu ofundisiwe, ohlakaniphile obamba yonke into ayibonayo futhi ezwa ngaye. Uqonda ukuthi impi ayifuni nhlobo nokuphila okunokuthula: akukho lutho olungaboniswa kuso. Noma kunjalo, okwenzekayo: Hamba, ukuhlupheka kwezempi, ukuhlambalaza okuyisimungulu emibono yabakhileyo emadolobheni alahliwe - kwenza iqhawe nabalingani bakhe babheke impendulo yombuzo omdala wokuthi ubani ozobekwa icala.

Ummeli-zincwadi uthola ngokuphindaphindiwe ukucabanga ukuthi impi iyinkimbinkimbi empini, futhi izindinganiso zabantu zihluke ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, uziqhenya kakhulu futhi uzifunayo. Iqhawe elingabonakali, elithile elishisayo ngesikhathi esifanele liyakwazi ukusekela nokwenza isinqumo esifanele. Uhlangabezana nokuthobeka kokufa komuntu ngamunye wakhe. Emaminithweni anemithwalo yemfanelo, ibonakala eduze kwamasosha, njengawo, awafihleli ezinhlamvu. Impi yaba ibhizinisi elibhekele kuye, okufanele liqhutshwe unembeza.

Umlobi akaligodli hero yakhe, okuqinisekiswa yizenzo zikaKerzhentsev nokuhlaziywa kwazo. "Emathangeni aseStalingrad" - isibonelo sokuthi umuntu ovamile uziphatha kanjani empini. Lapho izinhlamvu zihamba ngenkathi ingxoxo noChumak, u-Yuri engabomvu ngokuzithandela. Yena, umlawuli, ngezinye izikhathi akazi ukuthi kufanele akwenze, futhi uzizwa enecala kwabanye. Akwenqabe ubisi noma ilamula ekhishwe nguValega. Kodwa isithunzi sakhe sisezingeni lokuthi akanalo ubuqhawe bamanga, ukuziqhenya.

Ngakho-ke, umlingisi oyinhloko ngumuntu ovamile, okwezindleko zokuphila kwakhe, owavikela iStradrad nezwe lonke.

Isithombe seValega

Endabeni yakhe i-Nekrasov ("Emathangeni ase-Stalingrad"), ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe okuqinisekiswa ngakho lokhu, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa kwi-Kerzhentsev-Valege ehlelekile. Lo ngumfana oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ongenalwazi, ongenamkhawulo ozinikezwe kummeli wakhe kanye nezwe lakubo. Umsebenzi wakhe, ekubonweni kokuqala, awubonakali, kodwa iKerzhentsev izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa wamangala ngokuhlakanipha kukaValega. Kunoma yiziphi izimo, u-Yuri wayelindele isidlo sasemfudumeni, ilineni ehlanzekile, ijazi elimelele-itende. Ngenye indlela engaziwa i-Valega ingavumelanisa nanoma yimiphi imibandela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uKerzhentsev wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi uma amakiladigi ephela futhi kudingeka alwe nezwe lawo ngamazinyo, ukuhleleka kwakhe nakho kuzobhekana nalesi simo. Kwakungamasosha anjalo ahlala emasimini imini nobusuku, futhi ethwele impi.

Indawo yendaba ezincwadini

V. Nekrasov okokuqala ezincwadini ezifuywayo kuboniswa, ngokusho kuka V. Bykov, "ukufaneleka kanye nesisekelo esiphakeme sobuntu empini, ukubaluleka komuntu ... endaweni ehambisana nokuthunyelwa ngokuphelele komuntu ...". Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, isizukulwane esiphezulu sabalobi be-front of the "Nekrasov trenches" sabhala ngalokho abahluphekile nabo kanye nakho.

Iziphetho

Incwadi mayelana nabantu abavela emathangeni - okuthiwa abaningi abafundi bokuqala indaba, eyabhalwa ngo-1946 ngokungaziwa u-V. Nekrasov, "Emathangeni aseStalingrad." Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kuqinisekisa lo mbono. Indaba engakhethi yombhali mayelana nalabo ababhekana nokuzikhethela ngokuziphatha okuhle, futhi bekwazi ukugcina izimfanelo ezingcono kunazo zonke , futhi baphinde bagcizelela ukuqina okungenakukhungatheka, isibindi esingenakuqhathaniswa nokuthanda kweqiniso kwabantu baseRashiya, ababehlale bekwazi ukuvikela inkululeko nokuzimela kwezwe labo.