Ithiyori Anthropological ka Lombroso

Cesare Lombroso ingenye bengqondo edume kakhulu futhi criminologists Italy. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abanye bakholelwa ocwaningweni yayo okungabazisayo, Lombroso yaziwa njengenye umsunguli Amathrendi anthropological e yobugebengu.

Student iminyaka zezemfundo

Cesare Lombroso wazalwa ngo-1835 edolobheni Italian of Verona. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme Lombroso waqala izifundo zakhe e-University of Pavia, lapho yena waba nesithakazelo ikakhulukazi anthropology, neurophysiology kanye wezifo zengqondo. Othisha walithanda umfundi Lombroso - wayengumuntu okhuthele kakhulu, uhlanganyela hhayi kuphela hlelo, kodwa futhi isikhathi esengeziwe. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga Cesare ngisho baqala ukufundisa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe - Chinese nesi-Arabhu. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wakhetha ngendlela ethé ukuhluka kancane lapho izwe phathelana theory anthropological ka Cesare Lombroso ezaziwayo.

Experience esitokisini

Eminyakeni engu-18, Lombroso kwaba ejele, njengoba iqhaza kule nhlangano ngoba ubunye Italy futhi wathola umsolwa icebo emelene nohulumeni. Student ezikhishwe esikhathini kwetfulwe esifushane: akazange ngisho zanqwabelana izikweletu zezemfundo. Kodwa ukuhlala ekamelweni wenza umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on kuye. Le nsizwa wamangala lapho ebona indlela yokwedelela baziphathe cellmates bakhe, futhi yini izici abanakho. Cesare ngisho usola ukuthi laba bantu bangase bahlupheke cretinism. Kungenzeka Theory izigebengu Lombroso kanye nomqondo indalo yayo ukuza umcwaningi kule nkathi elibuhlungu zokuphila kwakhe.

Ukumeda zamacala ngabanye: isipiliyoni yazuza usebenzisa kaniografa

Eminyakeni 27, Lombroso yaba ilungu kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa, elwela inkululeko abantu bakhe Austria. Ngemva Ukuvukela kwaphela nge ukunqotshwa ababevukela, Lombroso baqhubeka nomsebenzi walo unit - manje njengoba udokotela wezempi. Ngalesi sikhathi, waphinde kudala kudivayisi ayo yezakhiwo sizibone izigebengu. Kaniograf, owasetshenziswa umcwaningi ukulinganisa ekhaleni, kwesilevu kanye brow esolwa amacala ahlukahlukene, umcwaningi ongawushiyanga ngosuku olulodwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wabuthanisa idatha eningi elafika kuye umqondo ezingalindelekile, ekubangelayo lonke imfundiso yokuziphendukela Lombroso. Usosayensi wacabanga ukuthi uma izigebengu akuzona, futhi zizalwa? Phela, ngokuvumelana usosayensi, ubuhlongandlebe kukhona "ifa" yomuntu, wadla ifa ezilwaneni.

Ngokwabo njengoba izigebengu, Lombroso babekholelwa, kumele kubhekwe ebhasha ngokwengqondo, noma lukhumuzeka - lena isikhundla esemqoka, eyayisekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela Lombroso. Nazi izinhlobo izigebengu iphawulwe yi umcwaningi idatha yangaphandle. Zonke Abasolwa bombo kulinganiswa Lombroso kwadingeka ezimenza wabenza ibukeke abantu bakudala. ebunzini okuphansi, emhlathini ezinkulu, eduze amehlo - lawa izimpawu, ngokuvumelana okwatholakala ososayensi sithambekele ungumeqi womthetho, ngabanye.

Kwandulelwe umtshina amanga, kusungulwe Lombroso

ukubonakaliswa Kubonakala ukuthambekela ezenzweni zobugebengu kwakungezona umcwaningi uthando kuphela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amadivayisi sokusungula ezikutholile kude esingaphansi ethandwa kuka imfundiso yokuziphendukela anthropological ka Lombroso. Usosayensi uye wazakhela walowo polygraph * yesimanje. Khona-ke, kule divayisi wabizwa ngokuthi "gidrosfigmometr". Nge wakhe wokusungula Lombroso kulinganiswa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi ngaphansi bephenywa ukuyithola ukusabela umzimba zale mibuzo.

Ukuhlukanisa elingenacala izigebengu: ucwaningo lokuqala ngedivayisi

Lapho Lombroso esetshenziswa kudivayisi yakhe okokuqala ngesikhathi kokuphenywa wazithola umsolwa ukweba. Phakathi nengxoxo ukufundwa isibotjhwa abehlukile kusukela evamile - lowo okonile akubanga noma iyiphi impendulo. Lapho ebuzwa ukukhwabanisa nge passport angaphandle, wamanga umtshina sokuqala esilotshwe ushintsho nemingcele. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi lohlolwako Ubeyindoda party kule umkhonyovu.

Ukuhlolwa elilandelayo wazibonakalisa umsolwa Lihlehlisiwe icala lokudlwengula. Abezomthetho ku siqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi ngazifunyana, ngempela, kuba pimp umkhuba. Kodwa lapho umphenyi wambonisa isithombe omunye yezisulu, gidrosfigmometr Akabonisanga izinguquko emzimbeni umuntu owenze icala. Zonke agumenti Lombroso umphenyi nje wakhomba - ayekholelwa ukuthi umhlolwa ndikindiki ngakho ukuba yenze lobu bugebengu ukuthi zisola, efana umuzwa yokwesaba, engaziwa kuye.

Khona-ke udokotela wezengqondo abadumile aphakanyisiwe umsolwa ukuxazulula inkinga kuyinkimbinkimbi izibalo, ukuze uthole ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuyiqiniso. Lapho isibotjhwa wabona umsebenzi, idivayisi ngokushesha ihlolwe ke - okwakusho ukuthi ukumesaba ayikaziwa. Ngokushesha inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Lombroso waqinisekisa - uphenyo wambula ngokwengeziwe imbangela yangempela, kanti umsolwa wayengazi ukuthi ukuxazulula izinkinga, kwathiwa kufanele ikhishwe.

Kusukela kudivayisi sokusungula Cesare zinguquko abalulekile. Kodwa leli phayona kulo mkhakha kube yilolu suku ubhekwa i criminologist Italy. Namuhla, i-polygraph * isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela emkhakheni komthetho, kodwa futhi izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuhlakani Cesare Lombroso

Ngo-1863 wabona ukukhanya ncwadi Lombroso odumile onesihloko esithi "Genius futhi ukungaphili engqondweni." Kwasebenza njengesibonakaliso ngesisekelo ukuze uthole ulwazi lomkhiqizo letigcogcwe umcwaningi lapho esebenza umtholampilo zengqondo. Ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa Lombroso waphenduka ukuziphatha lesiguli, umsebenzi wabo, ama-theme zikhetha ngezithombe zabo noma okuqoshiwe. Ososayensi bazama ukuthola ukuthi ungasiza ahlulele zempilo yengqondo ayezidalile.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuhlakani Lombroso sika, eyasungulwa ngesisekelo imibono yakhe, uthi: amakhono kwezobuciko zizuzwe - nokusuka okhokho abakhubazeke ngokwenqondo. Ngemva Lombroso wenza ziphetho, waqala ukubheka isiqinisekiso emlandweni wabo. Abacwaningi baye baqala ukutadisha Umlandvomphilo zabantu abadumile futhi wafinyelela isiphetho abaningi babengalingani ubuhlakani kuphela, kodwa uyahlanya. Phakathi kwabo wahlanganisa, isibonelo, Mozart bomculo, Beethoven, Gluck.

Ngakho-ke, inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Lombroso ngokuphathelene wayeyisazi ukubeka ezingeni elifanayo njengoba ukuthambekela Neurotic nabanekhono. Omunye agumenti esivuna yayo Lombroso ayekholelwa ukuzwela anda njengoba egula ngengqondo, futhi ungungqondongqondo. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili ezeqisayo, ngokuvumelana usosayensi - eyingozi zabantu ukuba leli zwe elisizungezile. Omunye futhi kwenzeka okufanayo wayeyisazi bangaba isibangeli kuvulwa, kuyilapho Neurotic - kubangele yezifo zengqondo ngokwengeziwe.

ithiyori Anthropological ka Cesare Lombroso: amaJuda ithalente

Umcwaningi wathola bona ubudlelwane ezithakazelisayo phakathi ubuzwe kanye nenani labantu abanamakhono. Endaweni kuqala isibalo kokubili geniuses futhi neurotics, amaJuda. Lombroso uchaza lesi sibonelo kanje: abantu bamaJuda njalo beshushiswa, ngakho-ke kwaba Ukukhetha kuhle ngesihluku. Umcwaningi ucaphuna izibalo ezilandelayo: abantu 384 phakathi kwamaJuda kukhona uhlanya.

Abameleli enkolweni yamaKatolika, lokhu yikona ingaphansi izikhathi eziyisihlanu. Lombroso futhi wacabanga ukuthi yofuzo, kunokusebenza imfundo kuyisici-buchopho. ithiyori Lombroso begazi kusekelwa ezinye izizathu eziholela nososayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhomba yokuthi umndeni kudlalwa umculo by Bach 8 izizukulwane futhi abantu abangu-57 lavuselelwa kulo mkhakha.