Ukuhlakazwa - uthingo?

Ekuphileni, siyaqhubeka ebhekene ukuhluka, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphawule, noma ngisho ngezinye izikhathi Angazi ukuthi siyini. Manje sizozama sihlole kabanzi lokho kwakha ukuhlakazwa. Isibonelo sokuqala abatelekile rainbow yayo evamile. Kukhona neze umuntu owayengeke ungakaze bayahlonishwa lesi simanga enhle. Ngokwenkolelo yasendulo, esinqeni uthingo, ungathola imbiza egcwele igolide. Thina zijwayele ukuze ubona uthingo, sicabanga ukuthi nsuku zonke, futhi ngeke lokuhlola isimo sawo. Empeleni ngamunye ukubonakala kwawo kuhambisana nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba ngawo sizama ukuqonda lesi sihloko.

Ngomqondo jikelele iningi ukuhluka - lena lo kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya. Kudlulwa iphrizimu, ugongolo ukukhanya refracted kanti luhlukene ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuhlola ekhaya. Ngemva nakho okuncane. Uma libalele kubalulekile ukuvala izilenge iwindi Friend futhi kwenze kube imbobo encane lapho igumbi ngeke zingene ray emincane. Phezu kodonga okuphambene ngefasitela lokhu ugongolo uyomenzela ibala elikhanyayo. Sibeka indlela a nezibhebhe ingilazi. Manje siyabona ukuthi ukuhluka - isimo ukuze ukuvela kothingo, ngoba indawo Ekugcineni udonga ezinemibala. Kuyo ubona yonke imibala rainbow, kusukela obomvu violet.

Ngakho, ukuhluka - kukhona izenzakalo optical kubangelwa ukwencika index yezokubona lomcebo ku ukuvama ukukhanya (wavelength) noma ukukhanya engaphansi isigaba Isivinini amagagasi nobuningi noma wavelength. Ngenxa yalo ukuhlakazwa kuyinto noqhekeko ugongolo ukukhanya e bohlu lapho sidlula a nezibhebhe ingilazi. Ukuhlakazwa ukukhanya latholakala 1672 by Newton, owayehlangene asebenzayo yokufunda bohlu.

Newton wayengeyena owokuqala olwenziwa Ekuhloleni okufanayo. Ekuqaleni nkathi yethu ke okwakwaziwa noqhekeko bohlu ukukhanya lapho sidlula zinhlayiya esikhulu olulodwa. Abacwaningi lokuqala yezokubona babe usosayensi oyiNgisi T. Hariot futhi semvelo Czech J. Marci, kodwa kwaba Newton waqala sina ahlaziye le nqubo.

Newton wachitha lahlukene ukuhlolwa futhi ucwaningo nge amaphrizimu. Imiphumela yocwaningo lakhe uye wachazwa ngokuningiliziwe "Izinkulumo yokukhanya", "yokukhanya" futhi "inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukukhanya nombala." Newton wakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ukukhanya okumhlophe akuyona isisekelo bonke abanye, kodwa kunalokho - akusiyo iyunifomu. Imihlobo ehlukeneko nginihlakaze, isb yokubola ukukhanya okumhlophe ibe izingxenye zalo ingxenye kuvela uma ugongolo sidlula amaphrizimu ahlukahlukene namaphrisimu iqembu. Ukunwetshwa ukukhanya yingoba umbala ngamunye libhekene ngezinga elithile refrangibility. Umbala ngamunye has impahla zayo siqu ethize. Ukuhlakazwa khombisa umehluko yabo. ososayensi ucwaningo Kuqediwe kukhona yemvelo yesimanje kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa hhayi kuphela Imiphumela kodwa futhi indlela. Kusukela ucwaningo lwabo, Newton usethe umsebenzi hhayi ukubeka phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo ukuchaza izakhiwo ukukhanya futhi amaqiniso nokuphikisana. Usosayensi wafaka eziningi ucwaningo, lo mbiko uvuma ukuthi "inala nakho akumvimbi."

Ukuqondisa umsebe wokukhanya ku iphrizimu ingilazi, Newton wakwazi ukubona esikrinini uhlobo rainbow. Usosayensi ziye zakhomba eziyisikhombisa imibala eyisisekelo, okuyinto thina sonke manje kahle. Kungani eziyisikhombisa? Lokho imibala eziyisikhombisa ngokucace nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculo futhi amanothi eziyisikhombisa kuphela, kodwa ukuhluka zabo ukuba ukwazi ukudala imisebenzi kweqiniso yobuciko, ngokungafani nomunye. Wabe labetibambile isipiliyoni reverse ukuthumela ububanzi ezinye ubuso iphrizimu ingilazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ukuthola ukukhanya okumhlophe. Ngenxa yalokho, Newton kwadingeka umbono ukudala umbuthano imikhakha eziyisikhombisa imibala ehlukene, lapho ukujikeleza uzophinde athole ukukhanya okumhlophe.

Ngakho, ukuhlakazwa - inkiyankiya yenkinga ngokomzimba okubangelwa izakhiwo ukukhanya nombala. Futhi kule nqubo singabona rainbow ngemva kwesiphepho. Manje unombono kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi ku izimbangela ukuvela kothingo.