Ukubeka "Beech": izithombe, siqhumisa ububanzi. I izici ukusebenza SAM "Buk"

Namuhla sizogxila ngezikhali ezifana njengoba missile izinhlelo "Buk". Lesi sihloko akuhlangene nezombusazwe, ngakho sizoxoxa ohlangothini luyingxenye lobuchwepheshe mayelana nodaba. Ake sizame ukuqonda kancane yokuthi kuyini Army self ezinezinjini missile uhlelo anti-aircraft, simazi kangcono izimfanelo zaso Tactical futhi technical, siqhumisa ububanzi, ngamafuphi, nawo wonke amakhono ayo. Ngakho, sitshala "Buk".

umlando

Okokuqala kudingeka unqume ngendawo okuyiwa kuyo yokumiswa. Kuyinto ukubhujiswa Okuqondiwe sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza endiza medium and ongaphakeme emachibini ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-830 m / umzuzwana, wajika nge 12 overloads olulodwa futhi at ibanga amakhilomitha angu-30. Ngokuhambisana izinqumo zase-USSR futhi le CPSU Central Committee ngo-January 13, 1972 futhi ngaqala ukuthuthuka kwayo. Abantu abahilelekile kule lilonke abathuthukisi kanye abakhiqizi, owaba nengxenye ekudalweni kwazo ngaphambili SAM "cube". Ngesikhathi esifanayo thina kwamiswa ukuthuthukisa eziyinkimbinkimbi M-22, ngokuthi "iSiphepho" I-Navy, usebenzisa rocket, luhambisana ngokugcwele "Buk".

Onjiniyela

Njengoba Onjiniyela sezihlonziwe: Research Institute Instrumentation futhi Ucwaningo Design Association, okuyinto inegama "Fazotron". Rastov A. A. waqokwa umklami induna eziyinkimbinkimbi. ukufakwa Oku-ukulayisha wadalwa KB ubunjiniyela "Qala", lapho umholi Yaskin A. I. abakhasi onobunye ngoba wemishini eyinkimbinkimbi, wadingida Mytishchi umshini wokwakha isitshalo, eyayiholwa Astrov N. A. 9M38 ezicitshwayo wajuba ukuthuthukisa Sverdlovsk ICD "Innovator". ukuthola esiteshini futhi, yebo, sokukhomba "Dome" yadalwa Institute of wokulinganisa ngokunemba amathuluzi Ministry of Radio. Ukuze "Buk" kungenzeka ibe seyisebenza ngokugcwele, ke uye wazakhela iphakethe insiza futhi technical support ku chassis. Ukuqedwa esigabeni wokulungiselela Kuye kwahlelwa for sonyaka ka-1975 yesibili.

ushintsho izinhlelo

Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu-USSR futhi CPSU Central Committee of 22 Meyi 1974, ngenxa isidingo okusheshayo eqinisa emoyeni ukuzivikela ukwahlukana armored ne eshalofini anda "cube", okuyiwona ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ukwahlukana, ngaphambilini ukudala "Beech" eziyinkimbinkimbi ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa imicibisholo anti-aircraft futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi self ezinezinjini umlilo, okungase ukusebenzisa 9M38 kweminsalo, kanye 3M9M3 eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhona "Kub-M3". Khona-ke ngesisekelo salokhu saba ukudala "Buk" - missile uhlelo isizukulwane esisha. Futhi ngo-September 1974 ukuqinisekisa ukungabuyeli ekulingweni ngokuhlanganyela. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basekela lokhu, isikhathi ngaphambili esimisiwe kwase luqoqwe ngokugcwele.

Fire self ezinezinjini isibhamu 9A38

Kwakuthinta ogibele chassis we-GM-569, futhi kungalesi sikhathi yisikhungo esisodwa ihlanganisa imisebenzi Pu mina Surnov self ezinezinjini asetshenziswe "Kub-M3". ukufakwa Wadala 9A38 ukunikeza search izinga emkhakheni unikezwa, wenza ukuthola kanye bamba alandelayo sizibeka kokulandela othomathikhi. liphinde uyayixazulula inkinga ngaphambi kokuqala, qala nezikhali ezicitshwayo ezintathu homing, okuyinto yayisezintabeni ke, kanye nezinye izikhali ezijikijelwayo ezivuthayo ezintathu 3M9M3 waseklasini kusukela ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa naye 2P25M3 PU. Fire apharathasi lingasetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwe enamaphutha Surnov futhi autonomously. Isisindo sayo - amathani 34. Wawunamabhodi SAM "Buk" ka: Radar 9s35; Digital uhlelo Computing; optically ithelevishini reticle; ukuziqalela ngamandla Servo ngemoto; radar phansi imibuzo, osebenza esikhungweni "Iphasiwedi"; imishini kanye SPU futhi Surnov; generator igesi ophephela; imishini orientation, ihange kwendawo kanye navigation; izimiso ezisekela ukuphila.

Umsebenzi radar 9S35

Ukuze lichaze isikhathi inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane asebenza ngebhethri futhi mechanical Isihlungi selifinyelelwe, amadivayisi microwave, imishini Computing yedijithali, okuyinto akuvumelekile radar 9S35, ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi "Beech", sihlanganise imisebenzi iziteshi okukhanyisa, ukuthola futhi target yokulandelela. Kwakuvamise omoya ezimbili - ishayela futhi igagasi okuqhubekayo, yena wasebenza ububanzi isentimitha wavelength. Omunye Lidlulisela ukuthola umkhondo ilitshe, elinye - imigomo ekhanyayo futhi elawulwa anti-aircraft ezicitshwayo. Antenna uhlelo efuna imikhakha amasignali electromechanical etholwe kucutshungulwa wenziwa ikhompyutha emaphakathi. 9S35 ushintsho sikhathi, ingxenye SAM "Buk" kusukela standby mode empini kwakungu imizuzwana engaphansi kwengu amabili. izinjongo Isivinini wayezimisele nge ukunemba 10 -20 m / s, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukhetho lwabo lokuthi isimo ezihambayo. .. Iphutha: RMS njengoba kulinganiswe emincane Ukudidiyela kwaba 0.5 g ngesikhathi esiphezulu limile - 175 metres. Isiteshi bavikelekile zonke asebenzayo, elihlangene futhi imfuhlumfuhlu.

Anti-aircraft missile 9M38

Lokhu rocket, oyingxenye SAM "Buck" lalisetshenziselwa okuqinile-ezimbili-Imodi injini. Ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi izimayini belahla ukusetshenziswa yenqama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a ukumelana abanye, izingxenye ikakhulu lesilinganiselwa trajectory futhi ngezinye engela eliphezulu kuhlasela engazinzile in operation. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ukudalwa ukuphila iphazamiseke SAM "cube". missile isikimu kwakuyinto evamile, standard, X emise, kokuba isici ongaphakeme isilinganiso iphiko. Ngesikhathi efika kuqala ukubukeka kwayo owawufana imicibisholo anti-aircraft imikhaya womkhumbi "tartar" futhi "Standard" ekhiqizwa e-USA nekuhambisana imikhawulo ngosayizi Navy Soviet. Eme phambi kwaleso 9M38 ibekwe amathuluzi sasilokhu, semiactive GMN, warhead kanye nokudla. Kwakungekho izingxenye rocket, uhlukanisa zindiza, ubude bayo - 5.5 amamitha, ububanzi - 400 mm, eziqondisa shanela - 860 amamilimitha angu. Lase sikuhlomele nge ikhanda homing, eyayintula uhlelo lokuphathwa kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa navigation ezilinganiselwe. "Beech" - missile uhlelo kokuba rocket ezinjalo - kungaba hit okuhloswe flying emachibini kusuka 25 amamitha kuya ku-20 000 futhi uhla emithathu nengxenye 32 km, ijubane layo uma igijima - 1000 m / umzuzwana. Missile waba isisindo 685 kg, kuhlanganise warhead kg 70.

ukufakwa test "Beech"

Ukubeka "Buk" kusukela ngo-August 1975 kuya ekupheleni kuka-October olandelayo, ngo-1976, sekudlule uvivinyo isimo. Wabahola Bimbash PS futhi Kwakuseshwa ensimini ka Emba ipholigoni. Njengoba ubona, ukufakwa "Buk" (isithombe sakhe amelwe inhlolovo) lalinabashumayeli: Surnov 1S91M3, ukufakwa umlilo 9A38, ebusweni-to-air missile 3M9M3 futhi 9M38, self ezinezinjini PU 2P25M3 kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izichibiyelo Kuye kwenziwa: uhla ezinophephela emhlane ukuthola kwaba 21-35 amakhilomitha emachibini ongaphakeme, indiza - 32-41 km. Isikhathi missile kwethulwa kusukela esikhathini target ukuthola bekusemasekhondini 24-27. Ukushaja isikhathi nokudisishaja - imizuzu ayisishiyagalolunye. Ukunqotshwa izindiza missile 9M38 enikeziwe: at ibanga 3,5-20,5 km - endaweni engamamitha amamitha angaphezu kuka-3000, 5-15,5 km - ezingeni ukuphakama 30 metres. Le ndawo ethintekile ku Yiqiniso ipharamitha kwaba 18.5 km ukuphakama - kusuka 30 m kuya ku-14.5 km. Amathuba umonakalo umlilo - 0,70-0,93 lapho ukuqala imoto. Ngo-1978, lesi sitshalo "Buk-1" ( "Cube-M4") wafakwa inkonzo.

Izici "Buck", iposi umyalo

Okwamanje sazi imininingwane eminingi mayelana kubhekwe ahlomile. Sekuyisikhathi iqembu eyisisekelo kunazo endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho, siba eziyinkimbinkimbi "Beech". Izimpawu ukulwa izimpahla zayo elandelayo. 9S470 - okuthunyelwe umyalo ogibele GM-579 - ihlinzeka ukubonisa, reception nokucutshungulwa kwayo yonke imininingo yakho iziteshi sokukhomba ukuthola, kanye 9A310 eziyisithupha - umlilo amayunithi self ezinezinjini. Usipha lakhetsiwe Okuqondiwe olufanele enobungozi nokusatshalaliswa yabo efanele izindlela manual kanye othomathikhi phakathi kokudubula amayunithi self ezinezinjini, bayifeza zingabantu imikhakha wemfanelo kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Inxanxathela "Beech", sibonga bhukwana, usebenza emihle uma usebenzisa ezicitshwayo ngokumelene radar nokugxambukela. Ithimba lento 46 singacubungula okuhloswe endaweni engamamitha amamitha 20,000 indawo kokuba endaweni engaba 100 000 m. Ukuze eziyisithupha target izinkomba ezikhishwe ngomjikelezo Ukubuyekeza esiteshini. amathani 28 - isisindo KP, unikezwe abasebenzi abayisithupha.

zokukhomba futhi ukuthola esiteshini "Dome"

Siyaqhubeka ukhuluma ngalokho lesi sitshalo "Buk". Izici "Dome" - esigabeni esilandelayo icutshungulwe. Kulesi siteshi ine ugongolo ukuskena electronic ekuphakameni 30-40 degrees wemboni nge Ukujikeleza mechanical antenna okwesikhathi azimuth inikezwe. Injongo 9S18 - bangabonwa futhi ukuhlonza zokukhomba emoyeni endaweni engamamitha angu-30 amamitha ukuba 45,5 km, at ibanga amakhilomitha angu-120. Khona-ke, ngesimo ulwazi emoyeni idluliselwa kuya 9S470 gearbox. Kuye ukuphazamiseka yokusetha wemboni nokutholakala wokubuka izinga elilingana 5-18 imizuzwana Ukubuyekeza circumferential namasekhondi 2.5-4.5 lapho Ukubuyekeza wemboni lamadigri 30. Dlulisa atholakala Imininingwane telecode umugqa phakathi ukubuyekeza, imizuzwana 4.5, ngenani 75 emamaki. Yaklanyelwa nokuvikelwa umthelela, impendulo, indlela ishayela ukuphazamiseka. Futhi, kungakhathaliseki khona umsindo zokuzivikela kuthola elitholakala endaweni engamamitha 5000 amamitha fighter. "Dome", ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi anti-aircraft "Beech" yena, kwakuba rotator, antenna esiteshini, kudivayisi antenna ethungatha, a idivaysi eyamukelayo, idivayisi okuxhunyanwa nezinye izinhlelo. Esikhathini isikhundla efakwe esiteshini ngemizuzu emihlanu basukile ukuhamba esibopheni - ngemizuzwana 20.

Umehluko kokudubula ukufaka 9A310 futhi 9A38

ukufakwa kokuqala yesibili ( "Beech-1"), ungachazwa ngokuthi axhumane telecode imigqa akazibekanga eyayimfuqa futhi PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, kanye ROM 9A39 nangemuva umyalo 9S470. 9A310 futhi kwadingeka ezine 9M38 elawulwa anti-aircraft imicibisholo idivayisi yayo sokuqala, hhayi abathathu. ukushaja kwalo kwenziwa imizuzu 12 nengxenye kusukela ROM namaminithi 16 - kusukela Logistics imoto ezokuthutha. Isisindo - amathani 32,4, kuhlanganise abantu abane elwa nezisebenzi. Ububanzi self ezinezinjini umlilo - 3.25 metres, ubude - 9.3 m, ukuphakama - 3.8 amamitha. Ake ubone okuningi kuyini nokuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi "Beech". Kulesi sithombe, thina njengoba bekulokhu kunjalo.

ukufakwa uqale-Nhlakanipho - 9A39

Lokhu ROM ifakiwe phezu chassis we-GM-577. Inhloso yayo - isitoreji kanye ezokuthutha elawulwa anti-aircraft ezicitshwayo - izingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili, ezine ababengasekho ku housings fixed, ezine - kudivayisi sokuqala. ibuye senzelwe ukwethulwa yezikhali ezicitshwayo ezine, self-yokulayisha nabo lodgements okwengeziwe, okwalandela self-icala rocket eziyisishiyagalombili elungiselelweni imoto ezokuthutha. Ngakho, "Beech" - missile uhlelo, elihlanganisa imisebenzi PU ROM self ezinezinjini ngaphambili eziyinkimbinkimbi "cube" futhi TPM. Lalihlanganisa: nokucupha idivayisi actuator kokulandela, lodgements, thinta Computing yedijithali imishini umshini telecode nezokuxhumana, navigation, ngibopha sendawo, amayunithi amandla futhi ugesi. Unit isisindo - amathani 35,5, kuhlanganise ekubalweni ezintathu, Ubukhulu: ububanzi - 3.316 metres, ubude - 9,96 amamitha, futhi ukuphakama - 3.8 amamitha.

Amathuba SAM "Buk"

Lesi sakhiwo saba ukulwa ephakeme, yangaphandle futhi ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa "cube-M4" futhi "Cube-M3" izakhiwo. Uma ngisho nje ukubheka ukuthi yini ukufakwa "Buck" isithombe izingalo zakhe, ubani uzokuqonda zonke yamandla ayo, okuyinto enikeziwe:

1. Okuhle nokwethenjelwa target ukuthola ngenxa yokuthi ihlelwe ukubuyekeza ahlangene Isikhala ezungezile nge labadubuli self ezinezinjini eziyisithupha futhi sokukhomba ukuthola esiteshini.
2. Kanyekanye imigomo eziyisithupha, siqhumisa Ibutho, futhi, uma kunesidingo, futhi wasebenzisa ngokuzimele amayunithi umlilo self ezinezinjini - ukusebenza eziyisithupha ezimele combat ohambweni.
3. Ukuvikelwa aqinileko ukuphazamiseka ngokusebenzisa ugibelile ikhompyutha homing ikhanda kanye isignali ekhethekile uhlobo ukukhanya.
4. Ngenxa yamandla anda SAM (warhead yayo) - ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu kakhulu nolokubhujiswa Okuqondiwe flying.

isiphetho

Ngu yokwakheka nokulandelana imiphumela, kwatholakala ukuthi ukulungiselelwa ububanzi ngokudubula "Buck" - kusuka amakhilomitha 3 kuya 25 ezingeni ukuphakama amakhilomitha-18 futhi esheshisa 800 m / s. Kulesi simo ihlinzeka kuhlasela Okuqondiwe qualitatively ezingenziwanga elawula. Okungenzeka kokunqotshwa kwaba 0.7-0.8 lapho kokudubula nangomcibisholo waqondisa inkambo Isilungiselelo amakhilomitha 18. Uma injongo ikhuluma, ematfuba ngokubulala kuyinto 0.6. On izingalo emoyeni ezomvikela eziyinkimbinkimbi "Beech" yokutholwa ngo-1980. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izikhathi eziningana eyenziwa sesimanje yayo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono kanye nokuvikeleka ukulwa.