Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu abaningi baye bazama ukucashela ulwazi oluthile emehlweni prying. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi ngaphandle kwalesi isifiso, lonke isayensi - indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo. Kuyini lokhu? Likuphi kusetshenziswa futhi ngaziphi izinjongo?
ulwazi olujwayelekile
izindlela zangaphambili indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo, njengoba umthetho, ukukhonza umphakathi. Kodwa kusukela Inthanethi yathi chithi saka, kwaba eka anhlobonhlobo abantu. UHlelo Lobhalomfihlo, manje selisetshenziswa abantu izigebengu, ningatholakala yedatha ubuqotho kanye nenkululeko ulwazi kanye nje abantu abafisa ukubhala ngokufihla idatha yabo hhayi kukhanye kubo on enetheni. Kodwa kungani usadinga indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo? Yini-ke oyikho nalokho angasinika? Kuyinto isayensi ukuthi waziphatha ukuhlinzeka yobumfihlo nezokuxhumana.
Umlando yentuthuko
Kukholakala ukuthi indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo izisekelo wabeka Eneya Tacticus. Imizamo ukuze kuvikelwe ukwaziswa benza eNdiya yasendulo nabaseMesophothamiya. Kodwa abaphumelelanga kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuqala onokwethenjelwa Ukuvikelwa yasungulwa eChina yasendulo. indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo Yande labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe Antiquity amazwe. Kwase isetshenziselwe izinjongo wezempi. amasu mfihlo bathola Ephakathi, kodwa kakade baye bamukela abathengisi osomaqhinga. Inkathi yokuchuma lokhu isayensi libizwa Yempucuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kanambambili ukubethela indlela siphakamisiwe, elifana nalelo asetshenziswa namuhla ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, yena wayebhekwa njengomuntu lokulwa ithuluzi agcwele. Kwakudingekile ukuba ukwembula okuthunyelwe isitha - futhi ungase uthole yalokho ekhexisayo. Njengoba isibonelo, ukucabhela amathelegramu othunywe inxusa German Arturom Tsimmermanom US bezobunhloli. Umphumela wokugcina lokhu kwakuwukuthi-United States bangena ekulweni ohlangothini we Entente. IMpi Yezwe II uhlobo ukuthuthukiswa isikhunta inqubo amanethiwekhi computer. Futhi umnikelo eside kule wenza indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo. Kuyini futhi yiziphi imiphumela esisebenzayo sokusebenza kwawo? Abanye ohulumeni ngakho ethukile yethuba ukuthi ukujanyiswa ukusetshenziswa ukubethelwa kwedatha.
Ukuwa kwe-ayitholwa isimo
Kodwa okumiswe ohulumeni baye bahluleka, futhi ngo-1967 wanyathelisa incwadi ngu-David Kahn "ikhodi full". Usebenta umlando ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge-indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo kanye cryptanalysis. Lapho yanyatheliswa nabezindaba, sale ncwadi, ngokuba kwakhe kwaqala ukuvela futhi eminye imisebenzi. Isimo athuthukile like ngendathane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona kumiswa indlela yesimanje kule isayensi ichaza ngokusobala izidingo eziyisisekelo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ulwazi ngekhodi: ubuqotho, imfihlo kanye neotslezhivaemost. Khona-ke yezingxenye ezimbili ezingase futhi njalo uxhumana izingxenye: cryptanalysis futhi kriptosintez. Abantu isiqondiso wokuqala ufuna izindlela yokuwuthola ukuphepha kanye nokwenzeka ukuphulwa yayo. Nakuba ababehumusha kriptosintezom, inhloso ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kolwazi. Futhi yeka indlela izinto ezikhathini zanamuhla? Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo FSB kungenziwa zangena kuma? Kanjani? How fast?
yesimanjemanje
Lapho uvele kwi-Inthanethi, i-indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo ifinyelele ezingeni elisha. izindlela zakhe manje kabanzi abantu e-commerce ukuthengiselana ekuhlonzeni, ubuqiniso nokunye. Futhi singakusebenzisa kanjani lutho Bitcoin - cryptocurrency, okuyinto elakhiwe ngokusho algorithm ethile ezibalo, futhi ingalawulwa nguhulumende. Lokhu yokukhokha isetshenziswa yokuwuthola imikhawulo, noma umane ungawokheli. Njengoba isibonelo, ungahlala kabanzi embonweni nge Bitcoins. Lolu hlelo kwahlongozwa ngu Unicode osemusha okuthiwa Wei Dai. Futhi ngo-2009, ke yenze ngokuphumelelayo Satoshi Nakamoto. Ukuze ukuthengiselana akudingeki abaxhumanisi ngesimo ebhange noma kwenye inhlangano yezimali, ngakho kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ekuhlukanisweni umnyuziki ukuhoxisa noma umise kungenzeki Bitcoins. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa ukukhokhela noma yiziphi izimpahla - uma umdayisi uyavuma ukwamukela lwemali. Wadala imali entsha kungaba abasebenzisi ngokwabo abanikeza amandla ama-computer abo.
amagama
Ngakho, kukhona indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo, ukuthi kuyini, esikwaziyo kakade, ake baqonde okufanayo eminye imigomo ukwenza kube lula.
Okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke asinike sona ohlelweni ezimele izinkokhelo electronic. Ngenxa wakhe, umthengi kanye nomdayisi ungakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uma kuba ukuhoxisa izimali ku-akhawunti yebhange ukuchitha kuthengiselana eyodwa ngaphezulu.
Kwamagama - umqondo okusho ukuthi abahlanganyeli kule kuthengiselana ukusebenza imfihlo. Kungaba ngokuphelele futhi uyakhumbula. Kulo mBhalo namanje sihlinzekela ukubamba iqhaza lithumele umlamuli. Angakwenza, uma izimo ezithile zifeziwe, ukukhomba abantu.
party Thembeka - indoda okuthiwa onesifo lonke ulwazi olufanele futhi kancane kancane ulandela protocol uhlelo.
indawo yokuquba - unompempe onesifo ukuqiniseka bonke abahlanganyeli. Uqinisekisa nokuhlonipha abantu bavumelana olandelwayo.
Isitha - kuba kumuntu osonile ubani efuna ngezinkani ukuphula azungezwe zokuhlola ezasungulwa umbiko oluyimfihlo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, njengoba ziqondakala bonke abahlanganyeli ohlelweni.
ukuhlala lingaziwa
Ake sihlole lesi sihloko nge isibonelo esilula. Inqubomgomo abashisekeli bavame ukuqala nge CGI ummeleli (ummeleli kuwebhu). Abadingi ukufaka isofthiwe ehlukile futhi clog ikhanda lakho ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi esemazweni hardware. Kulokhu umsebenzisi nje lidlulisela Imininingwane afuna ukuya kuwebhusayithi. Lo msebenzisi wenza isicelo egameni yabo, bese athumele idatha ku indoda. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izingibe: I-Web proxy has a ikhono elimangalisayo luzikopishe zonke kokudabula ulwazi. Abaningi kule ithuba lokujabulela ngokuphepha.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi abasebenzisi abanolwazi wakhetha ukusebenzisa nakakhulu izimali. Njengoba isibonelo kungaholela Tor. Le sevisi isebenzisa uhlelo umzila multi-ungqimba, okubandakanya uchungechunge amaseva proxy. Gcina umbhalo walokho idatha kunzima ngenxa ezindleleni ekhelini. Ngenxa yalesi Tor inikeza abasebenzisi bayo nge ezingeni eziphakeme zokulondeka data. Nakuba zikhona ezinye izici.
CYPHERPUNK
Leligama lisetshenziswa maqondana abantu, umqondo nomdlandla kakhulu, beqinisekisa ukungamethembi uRamaphosa. Abantu abanjalo akwanele proxy amaseva, kanye nendinganiso inkonzo indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo izinhlelo zokusebenza zabo unganelisekile. Ngakho-ke, zama ukukhulisa yokufihla ngokusebenzisa evulekile izinhlelo cryptographic. Ngokwengxenye enkulu zingabantu izishoshovu CYPHERPUNK ukunyakaza. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zenzakalo kubo ngokuvamile ngokuphelele Umbala zezombusazwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izishoshovu ababambelele mfihlo-anarchism nemibono eminingi libertarian nomphakathi.
design
Mathematics kanye indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo eduze wesayensi ezihlobene, wesibili kulandela kusukela kuqala. Ukuthuthukiswa izindlela for ukubethela nencazelo idatha esekelwe anhlobonhlobo izindlela Aljibhra. Zonke izenzo ezidingekayo engenziwa ngomuntu oyedwa, kodwa nobungako wonke umbuso wadala izinhlangano ehlukile.
Ngakho, uma lwethu, singabhekana ngokuphumelelayo zilandise njengesibonelo Institute of uHlelo at eNhlangano KaHulumeni Yezokuphepha. ukubethela yezifiso akhiwa kuye asetshenziselwa ekulinganisweni idatha ebucayi, ukufinyelela okuyinto okumele izigidi zeminyaka. Kungakhathaliseki elihlekayo - indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo. ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane futhi esinezici eziningi ezifana nalesi isayensi. Kodwa kulokhu kusho ukubethela idatha ngendlela yokuthi bakwazi ukufunda ikhompyutha izakhiwo ethile. Njengoba ubona, isayensi empilweni yesimanje ezihambelana eduze.
isiphetho
UHlelo Lobhalomfihlo akuyona into elula ukuyenza. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ekuphumeni kwakho ukudala siqu ukubethela inhlelo yamasu abo, kodwa hhayi iqiniso ukuthi ungaba ucishe onamandla ukumelana lukhuni ochwepheshe. Uma kukhona isifiso ukukuqonda konke okuyisisekelo indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo, ungaqala nge eyala zezibalo. Nakuba ungakwazi kakhulu lula umsebenzi wakho futhi usebenzise esinye eziningi idatha evulekile ukubethela izinhlelo. Kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukukhulisa umbuzo kanjani impumelelo yabo izinga lokuvikeleka.