Umqondo besayensi yanamuhla. cwaningo Logico-zefilosofi

Uhlobo kanye umsebenzi wesayensi yemvelo. imihlaba yemvelo

Umqondo wokubuyelela isayensi yesimanje ingakamiswa elisungulwe isayensi isayensi kahle. Inani elikhulu kakhulu abalobi babe enguqulweni yawo lomqondo, ngokuvamile hhayi esihlelwe nomunye. Umehluko ezihlobene hhayi kuphela isakhiwo into, kodwa futhi umlando wayo.

On umbuzo okushiwo isayensi yemvelo abalobi uyavumelana kanje.

Uma sciences ukutadisha imvelo ukuhlanganisa kulesi simiso, uhlelo okunjalo kuyoba isayensi. Kulokhu, ngokwemvelo kusho isiqalo nesigcino imihlaba, okuyinto efinyelelekayo yiluphi uhlobo yezinto ezenzeka kubantu, okungukuthi, Umkhathi. Kuyinto ba (The Worlds yonke) kukhona into yokufunda ngesayensi yemvelo.

Ngokuya izinga imihlaba bangakwazi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ezihlobene:

• ubunjalo microcosm;
• ubunjalo macrocosm;
• megaworld nemvelo.

Nature microcosm limelela indawo delimited yi Ubukhulu ye-athomu. Lokhu - emhlabeni imihlola, okuyizinto ezincane kuno-athomu, noma kulinganiswe nakho.

Nature macrocosm elisukela athomu Ubukhulu esilinganisekayo omhlaba. Lokhu - emhlabeni imihlola, okuyizinto kunangendlela athomu, kodwa kuncane noma ilingane Umhlaba ke.

Nature megaworld engavimba ubukhulu Zomhlaba - nohlangothi aphansi kanye Ubukhulu bezulu nomhlaba - ngaphezulu.

Njengoba yaziwa, imihlaba ziyabonakala in ukwazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuphela kubonakala njengomuntu futhi kungaba ukuwabuka, ngoba akanayo lembhali (lembhali) umthamo, ngaphandle ikhono ukwazi.

izinhlobo imihlaba emibili ahlalisane ngokuya reflectance izakhiwo:

- Reality Inhloso (kubonakala). It ubuswa uhlobo oluthile ukwazi - undistorted. Leli fomu ( 'uvalo okumsulwa ") akuyona impahla yomuntu, khona layo nje ukuthi nokwami.

Izwe inhloso ngayinye se ayikwazi kubonakala ngoba, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, umuntu akuhlangene sikubonakalisa. Nokho, esebenzisa ukucabanga inhloso kanye knowable kumele iphenywe.

- ngokoqobo subjective (Kubonakala). Umhlaba we subjective, ngokuphambene, kuwumphumela reflection. Lena - ezweni zonakaliswa ukungenela komuntu.

Ekhuluma umsebenzi oyinhloko isayensi yemvelo, abalobi eziningi ziyavumelana ukuthi ukutadisha imithetho umgomo bemvelo.

Incazelo, ukuqonda kanye incazelo zesayensi yemvelo

Izakhiwo lezinto kanye izenzakalo quantitatively kungagcini. Nge ngamunye cwaningo olusha imvelo kukhona njalo ithuba ukuvula umcimbi kanye sifundvo ukukhanya entsha, nezici ezintsha. Into inenombolo esingapheliyo izindawo.

Kuphela ezithile ukunemba elinganiselwe zingenzeka kwebalingisi ambalwa of isakhiwo.

Ngisho into eyodwa noma omunye mkhuba hhayi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba athathe zonke izakhiwo zabo imizwa yazo. Libuye kungenzeki ukuphenya ubunjalo impahla eyodwa nemfuneko iphutha, ngamanye amazwi, ngokunemba elingapheli.

ulwazi oluphelele mayelana iyiphi into noma mkhuba akunakwenzeka. Can kuphela ukubhekana Kwezinye izingxenye emzimbeni ulwazi mayelana nezici zabo futhi ngaleyo ndlela bavunyelwe yephutha kahle ichazwe.

Owanele incazelo zezibalo lomkhuba akusho ukuthi lesi simo siye sacaca bha. Eqinisweni incazelo lomkhuba uyimbangela isimo sawo, izizathu ukuba khona lokhu mkhuba futhi ukuba zilawule samanje yayo, hhayi ukuziphatha yomunye.

Chaza into ngendlela ukukhomba:

• indlela futhi ngokuyisisekelo kwangaphakathi izinto;
• izizathu yokuthi ingxenye yayo ngamunye ihamba;
• lo mshini ukuthi lezi izingcezu uxhumana;
• isithombe kanjani lokhu ukunyakaza baxhumana nezinye izenzakalo futhi izinhlangano impahla.

Cishe wonke umqondo yesayensi yanamuhla lisekelwe yokuthi izinto knowable, lapho essence kwawo kwangaphakathi kwembulwa.

Izigaba Development of Science Yemvelo

Amabutho elikhiqizayo ngenkathi izwe lasendulo futhi NgeNkathi Ephakathi athuthukile ngaphandle kokusekelwa ulwazi lwesayensi, kuyilapho kabanzi aphansi esingesihle. Kunoma ikuphi, ekuqaleni ulwazi lasendulo ayisona imfuneko sokuthuthukiswa amabutho ithele. Basics of ukuguqulwa nokunqoba yendalo imibono nemikhuba yenkolo, kanye nolwazi ongalusebenzisa namakhono enokwehla.

Lesikhatsi lesi ukuthuthukiswa ulwazi mayelana nohlobo a wazalela okwesikhathi (elincane) isibalo okutholakele ngaphambili ukuthi ikusasa walala iqhaza isisekelo isayensi. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini athuthukile cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa lezi zinto ezatholakala, ngempela kancane ngokuya intuthuko.

Ngo izinqubo ukukhiqizwa kokubili imizamo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo zabasebenzi wenza abakhiqizi ngokwabo. Ulwazi lwabo kwakwanele ukuba ngokuzimela ukuqhuba umkhakha abayikhethile.

Lesi sigaba emlandweni sibonakalisa ubunjalo ukwazi kufanele ngokuthi pre-ngokwesayensi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokuya periodization, maqondana nale nkathi ukusetshenziswa okunemibandela ethemini uqobo "isayensi."

Ekuqaleni esigabeni esilandelayo - isigaba ulwazi lwesayensi - ekujuleni ifilosofi yabo wabeka isisekelo. Lokhu kusho cishe njalo umqondo besayensi yanamuhla.

Bekanye ekuqongeleleni isipiliyoni kanye namakhono enokwehla sadingeka nezinqubo zabo, systematization futhi nje okungaqondile.

Ukuguqulwa nolwazi ongalusebenzisa ekuqaleni sciences kuye kwaholela ekwakhekeni izingxenye ulwazi lwesayensi: kuqala, ngokomzimba, lomkhathi, begazi, Geological, futhi kamuva - womhlaba, mechanical nabanye.

Uma ngesisekelo lesi sihloko yakha umqondo jikelele kakhulu lwesayensi yesimanje, bese kungashiwo ukuthi ibala izinsuku zakhe 1948, lapho Norbert Wiener wadala cybernetics. Ngokusho kwale sayensi, izilwane zasendle kanye nomphakathi zilawulwa yimithetho ngokuqinile eziqondile. Kuvulwa Wiener ayenencazelo lukhulu wonke of the Paradigm yesayensi 20 no-21 leminyaka futhi cybernetics lithole isihloko angakahleleki "isayensi wesayensi."

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-'90s kwekhulu lama-20. Cybernetics kwaba computer esikhundleni, okuyinto yena, kuze kube yilolu suku kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso "isayensi wesayensi."

Isayensi yanamuhla, lapho ngokushesha noma kamuva uyothola umqondo olubumbene indalo yayo azodinga izinguquko okuqhubekayo kule ezimali yesithombe yesayensi zomhlaba. Kuyadingeka kakhulu ukunikeza indlela for ukuvuselela yayo.