Ubulungiswa Juvenile: kuyini? Inkinga wobulungisa ezincane WaseRussia

Isigaba komthetho, ehlanganisa nezinkinga umthetho izingane, kuba engamahlongandlebe ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa. Kuyini manje ukukutjela iyiphi umphenyi noma ummeli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esigabeni amadili nezinkantolo zamacala juvenile futhi ngakolunye - ukuvikelwa balabo bantwana efanayo ekuhlukunyezweni ngabantu abadala. Nge ingxenye yokuqala kucacile. Ngenxa yezenzo zakhe, ngamunye kumele bahlangabezane. Kodwa engamahlongandlebe irherho lobulungiswa ku Russian Federation ngokuphathelene ukuvikelwa kwabancane has a lot of umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama.

amaqiniso angokomlando

Isimo esikhethekile izingane ezazisemizini Izinsuku zoMbuso Wase-Russian. Uma sicabangela Penal Code Ukulungisa Criminal kusukela 1845, obhekene izenzo owaqala ngokuvukela iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngoba izeqo abazali izingane ezincane sika wasithola isijeziso. Ngo-December 1866, u-Alexander II sivunyiwe ngumthetho kokuqukethwe zamacala engamahlongandlebe emakoloni ekhethekile nezimo zokuphila yathambathamba. The guys lapha ukufunda kanye nomsebenzi. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, abafana namantombazane Zahlaliswa ngamunye.

Wobugebengu ka-1903, ngineminyaka engu-umthwalo lobugebengu lishintshiwe. abaphuli Juvenile yayingase ijeziswe kakade ifinyelela eminyakeni 10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafana bakwazi ukuhlala izimfundamakhwela ziyaye esigodlweni sezindela esikhundleni isijeziso endaweni abahlala kuyo. Kubaluleka ubulungiswa ezincane version wanamuhla ayenziwa ngasekuqaleni XX leminyaka. Inkantolo yezingane yokuqala afika ngo-1910 futhi waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-October Revolution. Nokho, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, le ngxenye yomthetho okwesikhashana ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Ngo-1922, izilinganiso ingajezisa zemithwalo yemfanelo lobugebengu aba namandla. Ngokusho umthetho wesikhathi lowo okonile lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-16 abathwele izinhlawulo efanayo abadala. kumuntu osonile Juvenile kungenzeka ibekwe ezivamile iseli ikoloni. Angazi nika abaphuli ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, kuphela ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa ukuzibamba - kuqalisa.

Njengoba izinto namuhla?

Modern uhlelo engamahlongandlebe ubulungiswa kule Russian Federation yaqale umthetho kuphela ngo-1995. Kwabe sekufika Isinqumo kaMongameli ka 14.09.1995 nyaka, okuyinto sivunyiwe plan of action izingane. Uhlelo ekhethekile lakhiwe ukuze aqinise ukuvikelwa ngokomthetho izingane, okuyinto lithole igama elisemthethweni "ubulungisa engamahlongandlebe." Kuyini le ngxenye? ihlanganisa Yikuphi imikhakha yokuphila? Le mibuzo kanye neminye eminingi ekuqaleni babengenazo izimpendulo ezivela ochwepheshe. Phela, umqondo sikhathazeke kuphela umthwalo kwabancane phambi komthetho, kodwa futhi ukuvikela amalungelo ezingane.

Ngo-1998, umthetho owaphasiswa ngokuphathelene iziqiniseko eyisisekelo amalungelo ezingane WaseRussia. Ngokokuqala ngqá nombono wokuthi "abantwana nasezimweni ezinzima." Lapha kwenziwe abafana abancane namantombazane yokuba nezinkinga zokuziphatha, bahlala imikhaya ehola kancane noma baphathwa ngobudlova nasezihlotsheni omdala. I asebenzayo iningi kule ndaba iye yasungula ubulungiswa engamahlongandlebe eMoscow. Osonhlalakahle ugcine amarekhodi emikhayeni enezinkinga, wabukela izingane ezinabazali unezinkinga umthetho.

Izinto zashintsha kuleli lobulungiswa engamahlongandlebe Russia waba isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ngoFebhuwari 14 2000. Ngu ngokwalokho okwashiwo kuso, kumuntu osonile engamahlongandlebe adedelwe kusukela necala lobugebengu, uma engakwazi bakwemukele isisulu noma izihlobo zakhe.

Ngo-2008, izinguquko ezenziwe kwi-Code Family. Kube isahluko 22, elichaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukususwa kwebantfwana labavela emindenini e nesimo esinzima ekuphileni. Uma phakathi nenkathi ethile isimo ayikashintshi, izingane ezinqunywe izikhungo ekhethekile yedivayisi kulo mkhaya omusha. Kwakukhona futhi isihloko we Criminal Code ohlinzekela wemfanelo abazali ngenxa yokwehluleka ukukhulisa engamahlongandlebe. Lokho kakhulu kuhlanganisa kungenzeka yokuvikela ingane engamahlongandlebe ubulungiswa. Kusho ukuthini? Empeleni, lo mkhuba isijeziso yasekhaya akuvunyelwe njengomkhaya, futhi ikhodi lokujeziswa.

Kuze kube manje, kunemithetho lapho engamahlongandlebe imodeli ubulungiswa akufanele angavalelwa ukudalwa izinkantolo engamahlongandlebe lobugebengu. Ochwepheshe bathi kumele isungulwe khona indlela ekhethekile ukubulawa kwezijeziso maqondana nabantu abangazange sebethole yobudala eyi-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imibuzo eziphambili kufanele zithunyelwe maqondana nezingane bancishwa ukunakekela kwabazali. Abadala kungenziwa waphika amalungelo nemfundo yezingane zabo kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile.

amaphrojekthi ngamunye Awenzelwe futhi nezindaba zezempilo ezihlobene zokuhlela umndeni nemfundo yobulili kwabancane. Ukwethulwa isihloko ekhethekile ezikoleni kuzosiza kakhulu ekwehliseni ubugebengu kanye izinga lokuzalwa izingane kunzima isimo ekuphileni imikhaya.

Ingabe Ngidinga kabusha zokwahlulela engokomthetho?

Enforcement uhlelo lokuvikela amacala kwabancane namuhla ayisebenzi ngesikhathi ngamandla alo. Hhayi ngokuphelele, futhi amalungelo abantwana nemindeni enisezweni nesimo esinzima ekuphileni. Eminyakeni yamuva, kakhulu buthaka izisekelo umndeni. Ngokusho survey kwezenhlalo, izingane ezingaphezu ivame ukuba uchithe isikhathi nabangane kunokuba izihlobo. nomthelela omubi abadala kunomthelela futhi ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Futhi sehle nezibopho wokufundisa izikhungo zemfundo.

Ochwepheshe bathi izinguquko zokwahlulela zomthetho eyayidingeka. Izinguquko kufanele uqale uthinte umsebenzi wezinkonzo zomphakathi. Kumele isungulwe akhawunti qualitative izingane lisale ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Inkinga wobulungisa ezincane WaseRussia - ngokuyinhloko ukushoda global kolwazi. Umsebenzi kufanele futhi zifakwe kanye nezikhungo zemfundo. Bothishela kumele ugcine amarekhodi nsuku zonke izingane ekilasini. Isizathu bikho umfundi ngempela kufanele ukuthola.

Juvenile Justice eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha yezwe kuhlobene eduze yonke imikhakha yempilo. Eminyakeni yamuva, khudlwana inani abazali abanezingane ezihlukunyeziwe. Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa tinkinga tetemnotfo lapha. Abaningi abasele ngaphandle umsebenzi, abakwazi ukuba zondle imikhaya yazo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside. Engqondweni abadala neligwadulekile baqale bakha intukuthelo yabo ezinganeni. It kuvela ukuthi kakhulu ukunciphisa udlame emindenini kuzosiza ekwakheni imisebenzi emisha. ukuzinza Economic - isihluthulelo ukuphila okujabulisayo izakhamuzi.

kabusha zokwahlulela zomthetho kufanele kuhambelane izingane futhi ukulawula ukufinyelela amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Kuyi-Internet, kukhona ukufinyelela evulekile ulwazi oluningi, okungase ona engqondweni abampofu wengane. Uma umkhawulo ukufinyelela kwabancane kumawebhusayithi athile, uzokwazi ukunciphisa ukushona ubudlova. Ngenxa yalokho, wehlise inombolo ubugebengu obenziwa nge izakhamuzi kweminyaka engu-18.

Ikhomishana Abancane

Inkinga eyinhloko yobulungisa engamahlongandlebe eRussia ukungapheleli oshayiwe yasekhaya. Projects ukuthi ukubhekana nezingane adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kusuka kuzazi. Kukholakala ukuthi isici esiyinhloko wobulungisa engamahlongandlebe kufanele kube umsebenzi okhethekile ezindabeni engamahlongandlebe. Uhlelo Russian sihluke kakhulu umuntu Western. Ngo eziningi emazweni usethe izinkantolo esikhethekile engamahlongandlebe. Kuyinto lezi zindikimba anqume isiphetho zamacala juvenile futhi banesibopho emfundweni yezingane kwesokunxele ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Nokho, e-Russia, izindaba ezinjalo isinqumo ngumgwamanda efanayo esebenza izakhamuzi amadala.

Namuhla, izwe isebenze ikhomishana juvenile ezidalwe kwamaSoviet. Umsebenzi wabo kusekelwe imithetho ekhona yamazwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko umzimba ukuze kuvinjelwe nakhaya futhi emthethweni izenzo izingane abangenathemba. ukunakwa omdala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ikhomishana kumelwe senze konke ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwabo amalungelo nezifiso kwabancane. Ukuze guys abazithola ezimweni ezinzima, aphethwe nokuvuselelwa zenhlalo-Pedagogical.

Umsebenzi Ikhomishana Yentsha kuveza imiphumela emihle. Ngokuqapha imikhaya ehola kancane abakwazi ukubona abazali abangakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo. Nokho, lo msebenzi kufanele kwenziwe ngenkuthalo. nezikole kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo nokuxhumana abezenhlalakahle kuzonciphisa izinga engamahlongandlebe, ukunciphisa inani izingane ezimweni ezinzima.

tikhundla Key kumiswa ubulungiswa engamahlongandlebe

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa uhlelo, nesebenzela namuhla, ukuba lizobhujiswa ngokuphelele. Le phrojekthi entsha engamahlongandlebe uhlelo lwezobulungiswa lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako ngendlela, njengoba in the West. Kulesi kabusha kufanele kube kancane kancane, ngokuhambisana ngokoqobo Russian. ubulungiswa International engamahlongandlebe kuhilela ukuxhumana wemikhakha ezahlukahlukene empilweni. Ukuvikelwa kwabancane sizokwazi uma umsebenzi kuzohlanganisa nezidingo hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi izikhungo zemfundo, izinyunyana.

Kukhona futhi izikhundla noma nezimfuno eziphambanayo. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi engamahlongandlebe emizimbeni ubulungiswa ungameli iyiphi inzuzo emphakathini. Izinkantolo, sivikelwe nezinye izakhiwo ukuthi benzé kusukela kwamaSoviet, it is impela ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo. Kukhona umbono ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-juvenile lwebulungisa Russia - ngezinga elithile ngokweqile. Okufanele ukwenze - ukwenza umzamo wokuba athuthuke isimiso samanje. Kwakhethwa omunye ephelele isakhiwo kuzodinga eziningi izindleko zezimali kanye ngokomzimba.

Akukona ukuqeda engamahlongandlebe ubuhlongandlebe engamahlongandlebe ubulungiswa. Okungukuthi, enkabeni yalo? Kuyinto simiso isijeziso delinquents juvenile kanye nokuvikela amalungelo ezingane kubazali abangakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo. Kodwa kufanele kuqala kwenziwe umsebenzi wokufundisa ku izindlela kanye nezindlela imfundo. Uma izingane luyokhula uthando nokunakekela, ubugebengu engamahlongandlebe kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. It kuvela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa hhayi isijeziso uhlelo. Iqhaza main kufanele inikwe ukuqeqeshwa abazali abasha. Futhi lo msebenzi ungase ukuphatha kahle nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle.

Ukwenqatshwa the engamahlongandlebe umphakathi ubulungiswa

Ukwethulwa izimiso lokuqala ubulungisa engamahlongandlebe eRussia okubangelwa esinokuduma imicabango yabantu ezimbi kanye nezitatimende. Ngokusho nezitha emisha, izinkambiso Western eziphikisana ngokuphelele sengqondo kazwelonke, ingokomoya kanye namasiko ukuthi savela eminyakeni edlule. Emphakathini isiRashiya, kunenkolelo yokuthi ingane kumele bahloniphe abazali. Obaba nezingane akufanele kube ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo. Kodwa ngokuvumelana zesiLungu, izingane unamalungelo efanayo nabazali. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyogcina kubangele ukuba destabilization kwemindeni, izikole kanye nomphakathi uwonke. ingane ngendlela engafanele abafundile ekuthanda khona izenzo zobugebengu.

Ngokumelene engamahlongandlebe uhlelo lwezobulungiswa imodeli aseNtshonalanga lezo zibalo owaziwa ezifana intatheli Mikhail Leontyev, actress Ekaterina Vasilieva, umxhumanisi zezombusazwe Anatoly Wasserman. Ngokusho nabezombangazwe imbala, ubuchwepheshe engamahlongandlebe bathambekele uhlukanise umphakathi Russian kwaba amakamu amabili.

Ukusebenza omubi engamahlongandlebe emizimbeni ubulungiswa

Russia isivele umkhankaso lehlolako ngokuphathelene engamahlongandlebe ubulungiswa. Babefanele imiphumela engemihle. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu yokubhudulwa amalungelo abazali. Yonke imikhaya wasebenzisa izindlela zabo lemfundo. Ngokusho zesiLungu of juvenile ubulungiswa ingane anganquma lokho azokwenza nendlela yokuthatha isinyathelo esimweni esithile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazali abakwazi iyakwenqabela ke. Lesi simo nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu abonisa ukungavuthwa.

Kwaholela ekubeni nokwanda okuphawulekayo amacala yokungeneliseki ilungelo lobuzali, ubulungiswa engamahlongandlebe. Kanjani ukuze bazivikele esimweni esinjalo, abadala musa njalo bazi. Ezimweni eziningi, isinqumo sithathwa yinkantolo akuyona esivuna umndeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlushwa kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa amazinga ubulungiswa engamahlongandlebe futhi kuholela ekwandeni kwesibalo sabantu amacala engamahlongandlebe. Nakuba kubonakala, kufanele kube okuphambene. Ingane, washiya ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali, uqala ukwenza izenzo ezingafanele.

Amandla iziphathimandla engamahlongandlebe

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imiphumela engemihle zazitholakala ngenxa ukunwetshwa ngokweqile namandla okuyiwona ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo se-juvenile (osonhlalakahle, izinkantolo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela engafanele ngokuhunyushwa amalungelo wengane. Ngeshwa, kule minyaka yamuva khudlwana isingeniso engalawuliwe iziphathimandla engamahlongandlebe uma imindeni ngabanye. Kakade kukhona ezimeni lapho izingane zisusiwe nemindeni yabo ngisho okungenangqondo ngayo. Ingane ne ukuhlupheka kwasekuqaleni.

Ngokusho Amathrendi Western, iziphathimandla engamahlongandlebe ingase futhi ngesikhathi ebizela othile abazali indlela yokukhulisa ingane. Phela, e-Europe kodwa kukholakala ukuthi indoda uyakhula futhi ithuthukisa emphakathini, futhi abazali bedlala indima ebaluleke yesibili. Ngakho-ke, umama nobaba umthelela ingasaphathwa phezu ingane umuntu kunokuba zokusebenza kwengqondo esikoleni, othisha, odokotela.

Alternative kabusha emkhakheni engamahlongandlebe

umthetho Western kanye lezingane lokuqondisa uhlelo lwezobulungiswa awukwazi kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa isimo Russian. Ukukhulisa umphakathi evamile, akudingeki kuphela ukuchibiyela umthetho ekhona umndeni. Umsebenzi ezihlobene ukuvikelwa kwemindeni nezingane, kufanele okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa isibalo izisu, ukusekela imindeni emikhulu, ukusiza izingane ababesele ngaphandle abazali. A umsebenzi okhethekile kufanele usethe ngamunye esikoleni. Ezenhlalakahle kufanele ukuqhuba umsebenzi walo ngenkuthalo, kodwa hhayi ngamawala.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo zezingane. Kuyadingeka ukuthola kuqala kunazo zonke, kungani ingane waya ubugebengu. Ngokuvamile, izingane izenzo eziphambene nomthetho uzibophezele ngaphansi kwethonya abadala. Iziboshwa kumele basebenze izimilo izingane zifunde izimiso zokuziphatha futhi ubulungisa.

Ukwethulwa izimiso entsha engamahlongandlebe ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izici kwezomnotho. qikelela kufanele kukhokhelwe izimali imali-ongaphakeme esiphithizelayo futhi imindeni emikhulu. Kufanele futhi ukhuthaze abadali umndeni-uhlobo ezintandane. Uma umndeni bazonikezwa ukudla izinga, izingane abagqoké izicathulo, esasichitha kahle ngamaholidi, akunakwenzeka ukuba umbuzo engamahlongandlebe.

Kufinyeta

Kufanele ukuthuthukisa ubulungiswa engamahlongandlebe eRussia? Zombili izingane nabazali ziyozuza uma zinakwa okuningi kusuka isimo. Nokho, ukunakwa kufanele iqondiswe ukuthuthukiswa umndeni wonkana. izimiso Aggressive wobulungisa juvenile esetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe entshonalanga, asifanele umphakathi waseRussia.