Tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-UN. Luyini ulimi olusemthethweni kuyi-UN?

INhlangano yeziZwe has a ubulungu inqwaba amazwe. Nokho, lezi zingxoxo ibhizinisi kanye ukuxhumana kwenhlangano wenziwa ku izilimi ezithile ezimbalwa kuphela. Ezilimini ezinjalo UN olusemthethweni, uhlu okuyinto sincane, akhethiwe ngengozi. Kwakumelwe umphumela indlela ngokucophelela futhi kunokulinganisela yini.

izilimi eziyisithupha

izilimi emhlabeni embalwa nje waqaphela njengoba izilimi ezisemthethweni UN. Ukukhetha kwabo bathonywe izinto eziningi, kuhlanganise yokudlanga. Kuzo zonke kukhona izilimi eziyisithupha UN ezisemthethweni. Lezi zihlanganisa, yebo, Russian. Sula ukukhetha esivuna English Chinese - lezi zilimi zikhulunywa lenqwaba abantu wonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalezi, isimo ulimi olusemthethweni kwaba Arabhu, iSpanishi ne isiFulentshi. Zonke lezi zilimi zihluke zomphakathi emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni wonke, bakhuluma ezingaphezu kuka-2 800 abantu abayizigidi eziyishumi.

izikhathi mlando

Umlando kwezilimi ezisemthethweni UN waqala emva kokuphothulwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. I-UN Charter, mina siboshwa e-United States 26/06/1945, ekuqaleni ngemvume ngolimi izinguqulo ezinhlanu. Phakathi kwabo kwakungekho Arabhu. Lokhu kufakazelwa isihloko 111 kwale dokhumenti, okuyinto wabuye waveza ukuthi zonke izimo, kungakhathaliseki ukulungiswa ulimi, uyiqiniso.

Ngo-1946, i-General Assembly evunyiwe imithetho iyadingeka ukuze aphathe zonke izilimi ngokulinganayo phansi kwawo, nezinyoni ukuthi ngezilimi ezinhlanu kufanele lisetshenziswe zonke izinhlaka ze-United Nations abangaphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo UN olusemthethweni efakwe ohlwini siwulimi olusemthethweni, IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi - zokusebenza. Ngemva konyaka, le nhlangano iye ayifakiwe imfuneko ukuthi UN izilimi ezisemthethweni, uhlu okuyinto ke lalinabashumayeli izikhundla kwakunezincwadi ezinhlanu kuphela isimo esifanayo kwezinye izinhlangano.

Ngo-1968, isimo zokusebenza isiRashiya kwaba - ulimi olulodwa kulezi ezisemthethweni UN.

Ngo-1973, ulimi lokusebenza kuphinde obonwa Chinese. Futhi wanezela njengolimi olusemthethweni lolo lulimi kuyinto Arabic, le nsizwa yenza okufanayo, futhi limi olu-General Assembly. Ngale ndlela, zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala futhi abasebenzi.

Ngo-1983, zonke izilimi eziyisithupha UN olusemthethweni baye baba obonwa soMkhandlu wokuPhepha. Kulesi inhlangano, futhi beba olusemthethweni, futhi ngesikhathi abasebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke UN uNobhala Jikelele wayenalo ulwazi zokusebenza IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi.

Ukusebenzisa izilimi

tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-UN asetshenziswa emihlanganweni ehlukahlukene emihlanganweni komkhulu ngobukhulu inhlangano. Ikakhulukazi, bajwayele ngesikhathi General Assembly kanye Summit ka Tinhloko amalungu oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. zisetshenziswa ngezilimi oshiwo ngenhla, futhi ngesikhathi UMkhandlu wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle.

Lokho okushiwo yile isimo wukuthi yimiphi amalungu eNhlangano yeziZwe Unelungelo ukukhuluma kunoma iyiphi zalezi zilimi ezisemthethweni. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi noma iyiphi indlela nomkhawulo amalungelo ayo ukusebenzisa olunye ulimi. Uma omele zanoma yiliphi izwe ngeke akhulume ulimi olusemthethweni, le otolika izohumusha esemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye translation ukusuka kolunye ulimi olusemthethweni kwezinye ezinhlanu umsebenzi otolika.

Nokubhalisa UN

Ulimi olusemthethweni lenhlangano seziqalile ngazo zonke izilimi eziyisithupha. Futhi uma idokhumenti kuhunyushwe, isibonelo, izilimi kuphela ezine, futhi laba ababili asele kungukuthi zidluliselwa ke leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani ngeke ikhishwe ngaphandle kokuthola incazelo kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni. Ukuthembeka imibhalo efanayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isethulo sakhe ulimi.

izilimi silinganiso

Ngesinye isikhathi, ubuholi eNhlangano yeziZwe liye wagxeka ngenxa ukuthambekela yayo ukusebenzisa isiNgisi, futhi, ngokulandelana, bikho ukunakekela ezinye izilimi ezisemthethweni. I-UN emazweni iqhaza lakhe labantu okhuluma iSpanishi, ngo-2001, ukubeka udaba phambi uNobhala Jikelele uKofi Annan. Nakuba Annan wachaza isimo sokungalingani phakathi izilimi eziyisithupha ukuthi isabelomali wenhlangano ayikuvumeli ukuthatha kahle ku-akhawunti yonke ubuqili kanye ezicashile translation zolimi ngalunye. Nokho, wenza lokhu kunxusa kunothi bese esesho ukuthi wethemba ukuthi isimo edinga ukulungiswa, ukugxila ukusetshenziswa ezanele zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni.

Mina ukuxazulula le nkinga impikiswano e 2008-2009, lapho i-General Assembly lathatha isinqumo, owawuthi likaNobhala u wajuba ukuthobela silinganiso phakathi kwazo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni. Ngokukhethekile akhokhe ukudluliswa kolwazi ukuba ukusakazwa komphakathi.

Juni 8, 2007 iZizwe Ezihlangene samukele isiqunto mayelana nokuphathwa kwezinsiza ezingabasebenzi ukusebenza kulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo idokhumenti kwagcizelelwa ngamabomu ukubaluleka eziphakeme ukulingana kwabo bonke abantu ngothi lwabo, izilimi ezisemthethweni 6.

Okthoba 4, 2010 uNobhala Jikelele yabhala umbiko mayelana nokukhuluma izilimi eziningi, futhi ngemva cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, i-General Assembly bamcela ukuba ahlinzeke isiqiniseko sokuthi zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni kanye zokusebenza UN bayalingana, zingabantu izimo ezidingekile ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile izokwakhiwa. Nokho, igunya komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba lathatha isinqumo othi ukuthuthukiswa website esemthethweni ye-United Nations (ngehlangothini inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezehlukene) senzeka ngesivinini lesihamba kancane kunalokho okwake ukhule.

UN nezikhethekile

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-UN kukhona izinhlangano ezizimele noma izikhungo ezisebenza autonomously ezaziwayo. Lezi ejensi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, i-UNESCO, uMbusi Wendawo leposi Union, kanye nabanye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-izilimi ezisemthethweni UN emizimbeni ezimele kubhekwe njengento nezinye izilimi. Ngakho, i-Universal leposi Union iyosebenza kuphela French, kuba esemthethweni kuphela. Ngezinye UNESCO, kunalokho, it is ngokomthetho izilimi eziyisishiyagalolunye, okubalwa isiPutukezi kanye isiNtaliyane, kanye Hindi. IFAD inezilimi ezine kuphela esetshenziswa amalungu ayo ezingeni olusemthethweni. Lokhu-Arabhu, isi-French nesiNgisi.

Umxhumanisi ngokolimi

Emuva ngo-1999, i-General Assembly owawuse isikhalo uNobhala Jikelele ngokusebenzisa kwemukelwa isinqumo, okuyinto kwacelwa ukusungula isikhulu esiphezulu Secretariat nokuqashwa kwakhe. Lo mthwalo wemfanelo isikhulu esisebenza wokuxhumanisa zonke izindaba eziphathelene nobuliminingi.

Disemba 6, 2000 owokuqala kulesi sikhundla wamisa u Federico Resko eChile. I umxhumanisi elilandelayo koliminingi baba Miles Stobi Guyana, owamiswa yokuma 6 Septhemba 2001.

Shashi Terur wamiswa waba umxhumanisi ngo-2003, u-Kofi Annan. Parallel kule, wayesalokhu wahlanganyela njengoba Iphini UNobhala-Jikelele lokubhekana nezinkinga zokuxhumana kanye nokwaziswa komphakathi.

Okwamanje, iposi ka Umxhumanisi Ubuliminingi Kiyo Akasaka ivela Japan. Just like Shashi Terur, uhlanganisa umsebenzi wasesitolo okuthunyelwe ka Inhloko Division of Information Yomphakathi.

izinsuku ulimi

Kusukela ngo-2010, i-UN ayegubha okuthiwa izinsuku ulimi, ngalinye elikwazi senzelwe omunye izilimi eziyisithupha UN olusemthethweni. Lo mkhankaso wenziwa kusekelwa uMnyango Ulwazi Yomphakathi, ukuze ukugubha kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi kwenhlangano, kanye ukuthola ulwazi futhi ulwazi ukubaluleka inkhulumomphendvulwano ngemasiko. Nsuku zonke ngolimi oluthile ehambisana nanoma iyiphi isenzakalo esibalulekile zomlando ezenzeka ezweni ulimi.

• Arabic - Disemba 18 - usuku ukuzimisela ulimi Arabic njengolimi olusemthethweni lolo lulimi UN.
• Russian - Juni 6 - usuku yokuzalwa NJENGOBA Pushkin.
• English - Ephreli 23 - usuku lokuzalwa kaShakespeare.
• Spanish - Okthoba 12 - ". Columbus Day" kubhekwa eSpain
• China - Ephreli 20 - behlonipha Cangjie.
• French - 20 Mashi - usuku ukudalwa International.

Okhunye okukhambisana ne-European Union

I-European Union - enye inhlangano enkulu wezilimi eziningi ehlanganisa amazwe amaningana. Ngo ngayinye kulawa mazwe, yebo, limi. Ngakho-ke, kulesi inyunyana kukhona umthetho main ukuthi zonke izilimi emazweni iqhaza bayalingana. Zonke imibhalo kanye namarekhodi kufanele kwenziwe lezi zilimi, wenze ukudluliselwa ezifanele. Nokho, ne ekukhuleni Union kanye iinthombe amanye amazwe (enyakatho eScandinavia naseMpumalanga), lezi abasha azidingeki yi-European Union, ebanikeza isikhundla sokuba semthethweni asekele lokhu ngolwazi nanganoma yiziphi ezinye izilimi ezinkulu. Lezi ubhekwa umbimbi isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isi-French neSpanishi. Ngempela, sikhundla kwamalungu amasha enhlanganweni kuqinisekiswa yokuthi cishe zonke osomaqhinga abayazi kahle okungenani olulodwa kulezi zilimi. Iningi amalungu amasha uthanda ukukhuluma nabantu nge-English. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi e-European Union abasekeli ardent wezilimi ezehlukene - kuyinto French.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezisemthethweni nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe

Zonke ezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, isibonelo, ngokukhethekile ukuhweba kwezemidlalo, kanye nabanye bavame ukusebenzisa isiNgisi, kodwa ngaphezu, ziphawuleka ekusebenziseni njalo isiFulentshi, akakholelwa olusemthethweni emiphakathini eminingi.

Izinhlangano zamazwe abe isikali zesifunda, ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ngolimi esivamile ngoba ukuqanjwa kwawo yobuhlanga noma ngezinye izinkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, e izinhlangano Muslim zisebenzisa ulimi Arabhu, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko Afrika engabandlululi Muslim isetshenziswa njengoba izilimi ezisemthethweni noma French noma isiNgisi (nethonya elikhulu kushiya zamakoloni).

Isifiso uthole nezinye izilimi isimo esemthethweni UN

Muva nje, izilimi zomhlaba UN olusemthethweni ufisa abe nezinye izilimi eziningi. Ngenxa yalesi kwesokudla, emazweni amaningi bayehluleka. Ngakho, phakathi kulawa mazwe bungabonakala Turkey, Portugal, India kanye nabanye. Ngonyaka ka-2009, njengoba ulimi olusha olusemthethweni kwahlongozwa Bengali, okuyinto zibalwa lwesikhombisa phakathi izilimi ezikhulunywayo kakhulu. Phakathi naleso wakhuthaza Undunankulu wase-Bangladesh.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lenqwaba abantu bakhulume in Hindi, isifiso India liqondise kumiswa ulimi njengenhlangano esemthethweni sathathwa. Lokhu kwachazwa iqiniso lokuthi Hindi kuyinto ukusabalala okuncane kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi cishe bonke abantu abakhuluma ke, basuke bagxila endaweni isimo.

Kube isiphakamiso ukukhetha siwulimi olusemthethweni main - Esperanto, esizokujamiselela zonke izilimi ezikhona, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko inhlangano isabelomali, ukonga on izinguqulo.