Izitshalo - Iyini? zezimila

Izwe elisizungezile ahlukahlukene futhi zihlukahlukene. Imvelo, okuyinto sibona zonke izinsuku - kungcono empeleni uba umbuso omkhulu, lapho kuze izitshalo. Ngezinye izikhathi singase senze ngizibuke, ngezinye izikhathi nje awuboni, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izitshalo - sezwe ehlukene elisizungezile. Uhlala futhi izinhlobo ngokusho siqu imithetho yabo ngabanye, kodwa ngaphandle kwalo likhona ngeke izilwane noma abantu.

Kuyini lokhu?

Kumelwe ukuba ngamunye wethu ukwazi amagama abanye izitshalo futhi indlela babheka ngokoqobo. Abantu abaningi kalula uyomenza ahluke amahlamvu onsundu kusuka ngomuthi, imbali Tulip poppy. Kodwa wezitshalo isayensi ungaphendula, lokho zinhlobo, umndeni noma ekilasini lapho isitshalo uzokuphatha igama olwenzeka endaweni yakhe nezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama angaziwa ukuba abantu abavamile.

Empeleni, lesi sitshalo - isakhiwo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ukuthi ubeke umthwalo omkhulu lasendulo sefilosofi esingumGreki u-Aristotle ekilasini eziphilayo, abakwazi ukuthutha. Njengoba sazi, izitshalo kukhona esivela ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka, kodwa asisho ukunyakazisa emkhathini.

Enye incazelo eqondile kwalesi sihloko alikho, kodwa bonke ososayensi ukuba afinyelele isiphetho ukuthi izitshalo - kuyinto umzimba owodwa esiyingqayizivele. Siyabonga kuye, musa zinyamalale kusukela nebunjalo baletinye zemvelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziba ngokuvamile futhi umsebenzi.

izimpawu izitshalo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emhlabeni kukhona ubuningi omkhulu izitshalo (mayelana 320 000 zinhlobo, kodwa ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-350 000), lapho ongakhetha, okuyinto ihlukaniswa cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifana zisekhona:

• ulwelwesi Okuwugqinsi lamaseli cellulose esingokwemvelo.
• Ukuba khona chloroplast nge sombala oluhlaza ngawo photosynthesis senzeka, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kukhona umbala oluhlaza amaqabunga.
• Izitshalo Awukwazi ukuhambisa emkhathini.
• Kukhula la magciwane senzeka ngokuqhubekayo, lonke umjikelezo wokuphila.
• Regulation zokuphila isitshalo ngezithukuthuku hormone isitshalo.

Plant ukwehluka

Njengoba kushiwo, isayensi uyazi omningi flora. nezitshalo - labo eziphilayo babe ezinye izici ezivamile zizuzwe. Ngokwesibonelo, owodwa zinhlobo kubhekwe iminduze: Meyi, isiliva, Transcaucasus. hhayi kuphela izitshalo Ngakho oluthathwa, kodwa izilwane kanye nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.

Buka benziwe uhlobo lwe, uhlobo lwe - emkhayeni, umndeni - ukuze, umyalelo - eklasini, isigaba - eMnyangweni, owabe - eqenjini. izitshalo Ephakeme - labo eziphilayo abe kwamangqamuzana eziyinkimbinkimbi. Basuke ihlukaniswe impande, amacembe kanye stem (noma isiqu).

Okuphambene ephelele ezindaweni ephakeme izitshalo aphansi - labo ezihlala emanzini, abanalo izimpande, izimbali, sifanamsindvo. Kungenzeka owumphumela, mikhulu kakhulu, ukufinyelela 50-60 m ubude. Lokhu lozalo kuvamile kubo bonke izitshalo, ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Kukhona zinhlobo engaziwa isayensi, labo ezivuliwe minyaka ososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke, iphenya futhi awela ngezigaba jikelele. Uma eziphilayo ezifana kule ngezigaba akuyona ukudala entsha. Kukhona futhi izitshalo anyamalale ebusweni bomhlaba. zinhlobo maKristu abizwa ezisengcupheni noma ezisengcupheni. Basuke afakwe Incwadi Red.

Ngaphezu ukuhlukahluka nezitshalo futhi kuhluke indlela yabo yokuphila - ukuthi ukubukeka, okuyinto thina esetshenziswa ukubona emzungezile. Lawa izihlahla, izihlahla, imivini, izihlahla, amaSucculents kanye namakhambi. Ngayinye yalezi amafomu sizalwa nawo oyiyo.

Yini kuwukuthi isitshalo

isitshalo ngasinye has isakhiwo yayo ehlukileko. Kuye uhlobo it is washintsha. Ezinye zazo yilezi unicellular, kuyilapho abanye isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kohlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla - isitshalo kungokwalabo esigabeni esiphezulu. It has izingxenye eziningana futhi ingenye kwezinhlobo ezinzima kunazo zonke flora.

Naphezu kwalokhu, iningi isitshalo siqukethe impande, ekunqandeni noma isiqu (kwemithi nezihlahla), amahlamvu, ngezinye izikhathi - imibala kusuka lapho isithelo ingathuthuka. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo, ezifana zasendle rose, rose ezihlabayo lomtholo babe ngameva. Zenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela ukuze izitshalo, ukuze wayengeke ayidle izilwane noma ukulimaza abantu.

Underground futhi ingxenye engenhla-emhlabathini zalesi sihlahla

Impande yalo isitshalo - liwumthombo oyinhloko ubungqabavu. It is ngokuvamile itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba futhi uqinisa umzimba umswakama kanye nezakhi. Ngaphandle kwale ngxenye isitshalo nje uyafa. Ngenxa umvini zingandiswa ngu zezimila. Ngaphandle kwayo, ziyakubhubha. Ngokwesibonelo, Izinhlobo, ngisho ngabe yaphinde wemba emhlabathini onyakeni olandelayo kungase futhi ikhule eduze kwayo leyo ndawo lapho eyandulela wakhe esakhula.

Isuka kusukela Isiqu impande. Wahlela kwezinye izingxenye, okuyizinto izitshalo ephakeme. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile eziphilayo ngoba amahlamvu wakhe, izimbali kanye izithelo amanzi, amaminerali, zemifino juice ukhiphela. Uma izimpande akudingeki izakhamzimba ezanele, isiqu kuyoba evilaphayo futhi ungakufanelekeli lokhu noma ngisho nokufa.

Umoba, nakuba Ushintshe, angabizwa ngokuthi izinso (futhi nokuqala kokuhlala kwezingxenye bavela ezimila amahlumela), ameva (amahlumela lemifisha ithiphu abukhali - rose, zasendle rose), amadevu (amagilebhisi), platyclade (Cacti) kanye pseudobulbs (ukuqina emhlabeni phansi abanye orchid).

Underground sifanamsindvo ihlukaniswe esigaxeni (izinhlobo ezahlukene izihlahla), nezilimo eziyizigaxa (amazambane), stolons (ADOXA), isibani (onion, umnduze), nezilimo eziyizigaxa (Umlunge). Olunye uhlobo, bakhonza kuphela zokugaya, kuyilapho abanye - base amaqabunga.

Enye ingxenye ephawula izitshalo ephakeme, - eshidini. Ngakho ngokuthi umzimba yangaphandle okuyinto ehilelekile-photosynthesis, ungakwazi isicupho umswakama kanye nezakhi.

Imbali, izithelo, imbewu ...

Lezi izingxenye izitshalo abizwa ngokuthi okuzala, okusho zokuzala. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kubo futhi usinika ukuphila zezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Uma kunqunywa sekuyisikhathi sokuba isitshalo ngasinye, kubonakala imbali ke umzimba ilungele impova zizalela olwengeziwe. Complicated imbali isakhiwo silondoloza pistils kanye stamens impova kubo, ukuze kamuva endaweni yayo uvele izithelo. Lokhu baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele libhekene mithi ethela izithelo nani abanye sezihlahla.

Abanye babe abameleli izimbali ungaphakathi imbali ngasesinqeni se-pistil, ovule kukhona lapho imbewu ukuthuthukisa. Abamele lolu hlobo izitshalo kakolweni, poppy abanye.

Isithelo isitshalo - kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa imbali. Iqukethe izinto eziningi usizo emzimbeni womuntu, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila okuvamile nokuthuthukiswa. Ukuhlola sonke isithelo isayensi ekhethekile - carpology. Phela, ngezigaba zabo wehlukile kakhulu futhi ebanzi.

Kuvame atholakala izithelo sezinhlamvu zezitshalo. Kumiswa It is kusukela ovule futhi ingxenye lapho labantu uzoqhubeka uthayipha. Plant Imbewu - lokhu Imbewana ikusasa umzimba, okuyinto ozozalwa esikhathini esilandelayo sokukhula.

Kungani izitshalo?

Ngaphandle ukuphila isitshalo besingeke sibe khona lesilwane noma lomuntu. Lokho indima yabo ezibaluleke kakhulu kule planethi yethu. Izitshalo - labo eziphilayo ukuncela amandla elanga bese siguqulwa ukwaziswa okuwusizo bona. Babuye libhekene kungenzeka kabusha emoyeni. Ukudla eziyingozi -carbon dioxide, bekhipha umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kukhona lonke isimiso semvelo emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa izitshalo.

Izimila kukhona ukudla kwezilwane nabantu. Ngaphandle kwawo ngabe azikho izinto eziphilayo lapho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kukhona ukufuywa kwamakamela izitshalo futhi kulinywe yabo. Phela, kube yilowo nalowo wabo ingasetshenziswa njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, kwaba amazambane, okuyinto ezimila emasimini of America i lungafanelekile ngokuphelele ekudleni. Kodwa uma alethwa eYurophu futhi ezifuywayo, waba imifino ovela kwabakhileyo iplanethi yethu.

Ukuvikelwa Environmental

Akukhona nje kucutshungulwa igesi eziyingozi ezikulesi simila elingenawo umoya-abadumile. Futhi nomphumela omuhle kakhulu on odala energy nezinye izimiso zezinto eziphilayo. Izitshalo - real -mpilo imaski planethi esekela ukwesekwa ezikuwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli flora kukhona ukudla esiyinhloko ezidla uhlaza eziningi. Hhayi ukudla inyama, babe kwakuyoba sisonqenqemeni sokusinda. Ngakho-ke, la magciwane ziwusizo kakhulu ngezinhloso ukudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu umxhumanisi eliyigugu enhlabathini. Izinkuni - kuyinto isitshalo izimpande zawo eside ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, igcina amabhange emfuleni kokuchitha.

Imbali - isitshalo uletha eningi imizwelo eyakhayo. It ukunika ngamaholide, wanda ngezinga windowsills zibabaza ezimibalabala iphunga anombala ocwazimulayo futhi eyingqayizivele.

isiphetho

Indima ebalulekile emvelweni planethi elalihlala wonke izitshalo. Zidla on izinambuzane impova. Ngokuvamile, akukho ukuphila isitshalo Emhlabeni akekho nhlobo.